Taj Mahal ku India - nyimbo yachikondi yozizira mu marble

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Taj Mahal (India) - malo odziwika kwambiri mdziko muno, omwe ali ku Agra, m'mbali mwa Mtsinje wa Jamna. Taj Mahal ndi gulu lokongola losayerekezeka, lopangidwa ndi nyumba yachifumu-mausoleum, mzikiti, chipata chachikulu, nyumba ya alendo ndi paki yokongola yomwe ili ndi njira yothirira. Nyumbayi idamangidwa ndi padishah Shah Jahan ngati msonkho womaliza kwa mkazi wake wokondedwa Mumtaz Mahal.

Zosangalatsa! Taj Mahal amatha kuwonetsedwa m'mafilimu ambiri, mwachitsanzo: "Life After People", "Aramagedo", "Slumdog Millionaire", "Mpaka Nditasewera M'bokosi."

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwachidule za mbiri yakukula kwa Taj Mahal, palinso zidziwitso zambiri zothandiza kwa anthu omwe akupita kukacheza ndi chodziwika ku India. Mulinso zithunzi zokongola za Taj Mahal, zojambulidwa panja komanso mkati mwa nyumbayo.

Mbiri pang'ono

Titha kunena kuti, pamlingo winawake, mbiri yakukhazikitsidwa kwa Taj Mahal idabwerera ku 1612. Ndipamene padishah wa Mughal Empire Shah Jahan adatenga Arjumand Bano Begum kukhala mkazi wake. M'mbiri, mayiyu amadziwika kuti Mumtaz Mahal, kutanthauza "Kukongoletsa Nyumba Yachifumu". Shah Jahan amamukonda kwambiri mkazi wake, amamukhulupirira ndipo amamufunsa pazonse. Mumtaz Mahal adatsagana ndi wolamulirayo pantchito zankhondo, kupita kumisonkhano yonse yaboma, ndipo ngati sangapite nawo pamwambo uliwonse, amangoyimitsidwa.

Nkhani yachikondi ndi banja losangalala la banja lolemekezeka zidatenga zaka 18. Munthawi imeneyi, Mumtaz Mahal adapatsa amuna awo ana 13, koma sanathe kupulumuka kubadwa kwa mwana wa 14th.

Pambuyo pa imfa ya mkazi wake, Shah Jahan adakhala chaka chonse ali yekha, wokalamba komanso wopendekera panthawiyi. Pofuna kupereka msonkho womaliza ku chikondi cha Mumtaz Mahal, padishah adaganiza zomanga nyumba yachifumu-mausoleum, yomwe inali yofanana komanso yosafanana Padziko Lapansi.

Zochitika m'mbiri! Amisiri oposa 22,000 ochokera ku Mughal Empire, Persia, Central Asia ndi Middle East adatenga nawo gawo pakupanga nyumbayi.

Monga amadziwika kuchokera m'mbiri, Taj Mahal idayamba kumangidwa kumapeto kwa 1631. Pachifukwa ichi, tsamba lamahekitala a 1.2 lidasankhidwa, lomwe lili kunja kwa Agra, pafupi ndi Mtsinje wa Jamna. Tsambalo lidakumbidwiratu, dothi lidasinthidwa kuti lichepetse kulowa, ndipo malowa adakwezedwa mita 50 kumtunda kwa mtsinje.

Zosangalatsa! Kawirikawiri, makwerero a nsungwi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga ku India, ndipo zomangira njerwa zimamangidwa mozungulira mandawo. Popeza anali akulu kwambiri komanso okhazikika, ambuye omwe amayang'anira ntchitoyi anali ndi nkhawa kuti adzachotsedwa kwa nthawi yoposa chaka chimodzi. Koma Shah Jahan adalamula kuti alengeze kuti aliyense akhoza kutenga njerwa zingapo - chifukwa chake, usiku wonse, nyumba yonse yothandizidwayo idagwetsedwa.

Popeza kuti ntchitoyi idachitika pang'onopang'ono, pali malingaliro osiyanasiyana pazomwe zimawerengedwa kuti ndikumaliza kwa Taj Mahal. Pulatifomu ndi mausoleum apakati (kuphatikiza ntchito yomwe ili mkati mwa nyumbayi) adamalizidwa mu 1943, ndipo ntchito yopanga zinthu zina zonse zovuta zidatenga zaka khumi.

Zochitika m'mbiri! Zomangamanga ndi zomaliza zidabwera kuchokera pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi: mabulosi oyera - ochokera kumayiko a Rajasthan, jasper - ochokera ku Punjab, jade - ochokera ku China, carnelian - ochokera ku Arabia, chrysolite - kuchokera pagombe la Nile, miyala ya safiro - kuchokera ku Ceylon, carnelian - kuchokera ku Baghdad, miyala yamtengo wapatali - kuchokera ku ufumu wa Siam, miyala yamtengo wapatali yochokera ku Tibet.

Shah Jahan adasiya zojambula kwa ana, koma anali Taj Mahal yemwe adatsalira m'mbiri ngati chipilala chosayerekezeka chomwe chidasokoneza mayina a padishah ndi mnzake wokhulupirika.

Mu 1666, Shah Jahan anamwalira ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mkati mwa Taj Mahal, pafupi ndi Mumtaz Mahal.

Koma mbiri ya Taj Mahal ku India sinathe ndi kumwalira kwa yemwe adamupanga.

Nthawi yapano

Ming'alu idawululidwa posachedwa pamakoma a Taj Mahal. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti maphunziro awo amakhudzana ndi kuwuma kwa Mtsinje wa Jamna, womwe ukuyenda pafupi. Kuyanika mumtsinjewo kumapangitsa kuti nthaka isinthe ndipo, chifukwa chake, nyumbayo ikuchepa.

Chifukwa cha mpweya wowonongeka mdera lino la India, a Taj Mahal ataya kuyera kwake - izi zikuwonekeranso pachithunzichi. Ndipo ngakhale kufalikira kwa malo obiriwira ozungulira malo ovuta komanso kutsekedwa kwa mafakitala oyipa kwambiri a Agra sikuthandiza: nyumbayi imakhala yachikaso. Kuti mwanjira inayake asunge kuyera kwakale kwa makoma a mabulo, amayeretsedwa nthawi zonse ndi dongo loyera.

Koma ngakhale zili choncho, Taj Mahal (Agra, India) wokongola (Agra, India) amakopa mosasinthasintha kamangidwe kake komanso nthano ya chikondi chenicheni.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti! Chaka chilichonse kukopa kumeneku kumayendera alendo 3,000,000 mpaka 5,000,000, pomwe oposa 200,000 ndi alendo.

Zomangamanga zovuta

Zomangamanga za Taj Mahal zimagwirizana mogwirizana masitaelo angapo: Indian, Persian, Arabic. Kufotokozera mwachidule ndi zithunzi zokongola zidzakuthandizani kumvetsetsa kukongola kwa Taj Mahal.

Taj Mahal ndi gulu lokhala ndi chipata chapakati, dimba, mzikiti, bwalo la alendo ndi nyumba yachifumu-mausoleum, mkati mwake muli manda a Mumtaz Mahal ndi Shah Jahan. Gawolo, lotchingidwa ndi mbali zitatu, pomwe chipangizocho chili ndi mawonekedwe amakona anayi (kukula kwake ndi 600 ndi 300 mita). Chipata chachikulu, chopangidwa ndi miyala yofiira, chimafanana ndi nyumba yachifumu yaying'ono yokhala ndi nsanja zammbali. Nsanjazi ndizovekedwa ndi nyumba, ndipo nyumba zazing'ono zopangidwa ndi maambulera zili pamwamba polowera m'mizere iwiri yazidutswa 11. Pakhomo lolowera pali mawu ochokera ku Koran omwe amatha ndi mawu oti "Lowani Paradaiso Wanga!" - Shah Jahan adapanga paradaiso wokondedwa wake.

Char-Bagh (minda 4) ndichofunikira kwambiri pamgwirizanowu, womwe umatsindika mtundu wamanda. Pakatikati mwa msewu wolowera kuchipata kupita ku mausoleum, pali ngalande, m'madzi omwe nyumba iyi ya mabulo oyera oyera.

Kumadzulo kwa mausoleum kuli mzikiti wofiira wamchenga wofiira, kummawa - nyumba ya alendo. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikungosunga zofananira za zomangamanga zonse.

Mausoleum

Monga mukuwonera pachithunzichi, Taj Mahal imayima papulatifomu ya nsangalabwi, kumbuyo kwake kumatembenukira ku Mtsinje wa Jamna. Pulatifomu ndi yaying'ono, mbali iliyonse ikufikira 95.9 mita m'litali. Pamakona a nsanja pali ma minaret okongola oyera oyera, opita kumtunda (kutalika kwawo ndi mita 41). Ma minaret amatsamira pang'ono motsutsana ndi mandawo - monga olemba mbiri adalemba m'mbiri, izi zidachitika kuti pakagwa chivomerezi asagwere mnyumbayo ndikuwononga chilichonse mkati mwake.

Taj Mahal, yomangidwa kuchokera kumiyala yoyera yoyera, imakwera mita 74. Kapangidwe kameneka kakhala ndi zipinda zisanu: chipinda chachikulu chapakati (mainchesi 22.5 mita) chozunguliridwa ndi nyumba zazing'ono zinayi.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti! Chifukwa chapadera pamabulosi opukutidwa, Taj Mahal amasintha utoto wake kangapo patsiku: kutuluka dzuwa kumaoneka ngati pinki, masana dzuwa likuwala, madzulo kumatulutsa kuwala kwa lilac-pinki, ndipo pamwezi zimawoneka ngati zasiliva.

Makoma a Taj Mahal amajambulidwa ndi mapangidwe apamwamba a pietra osakhalitsa komanso okutidwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali. Zonse pamodzi, mitundu 28 yamwala idagwiritsidwa ntchito polowetsera. Kuyang'anitsitsa zazing'onozing'ono, munthu amatha kuzindikira zovuta za ntchito zomwe amisiri amayenera kuchita: mwachitsanzo, pali zinthu zazing'ono zokongoletsera (dera la 3 cm²), pomwe pamakhala miyala yoposa 50. Mawu achi Quran asemedwa pamakoma mozungulira mabowo.

Zosangalatsa! Mizere yokhala ndi mawu ochokera mu Koran imawoneka chimodzimodzi mosasamala kanthu kuti ndi yayitali bwanji pansi. Mphamvu yotereyi imapangidwa motere: kutalika kwazomwe kuli, kukula kwazithunzi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikukula pakati pa zilembo.

Pezani Mitengo kapena sungani malo alionse ogwiritsira ntchito fomu iyi

Momwe mausoleum amawonekera mkati

Pambuyo paulemerero komanso mpweya wabwino - ndipo umu ndi momwe ndikufuna kufotokoza malingaliro a Taj Mahal - kuchokera mkati sizikuwoneka ngati zosangalatsa. Koma izi pakuwona koyamba.

Mkati, pamakoma amandawo, pali khonde lokhala ndi zipinda zozungulira zopindidwa. Holo yayikulu ili pansi pa dome lalikulu, lotsekedwa mkati mwa khonde loyizungulira.

Mkati mwa mausoleum, muholo yayikulu, muli manda a Mumtaz Mahal ndi Shah Jahan. Kuzungulira iwo pali mpanda wokongola: miyala yamiyala yokhala ndi zojambulidwa, zokongoletsedwa ndi golide wothamangitsidwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti Taj Mahal ndiyofanana mkati ndi kunja. Cenotaph yokha ya Shah Jahan, yokhazikitsidwa pambuyo pake kuposa cenotaph ya Mumtuz-Mazal, ndi yomwe imaphwanya kuyanjana uku. Manda a Mumtuz-Mazal, omwe adayikidwamo mkati mwa manda nthawi yomweyo atangopangidwa, amayima pakatikati, pansi penipeni.

Maliro enieni a Mumtaz Mahal ndi Shah Jahan ali mkati mwa crypt, mosamalitsa pansi pamanda.

Taj Museum

Mkati mwa gulu lachikumbutso, kumadzulo kwa pakiyi, kuli malo owonetsera zakale ochepa koma osangalatsa. Zimagwira kuyambira 10:00 mpaka 17:00, kulandila ndi kwaulere.

Zina mwa ziwonetsero zomwe zidawonetsedwa munyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale:

zojambulajambula za nyumba yachifumu-mausoleum;
ndalama zopangidwa ndi siliva zagolide, zomwe zinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi ya Shah Jahan;
zoyambira zazithunzi zokhala ndi zithunzi za Shah Jahan ndi Mumtaz Mahal;
mbale za celadon (pali nkhani yosangalatsa yomwe mbale izi zitha kuwuluka kapena kusintha mtundu ngati chakudya chakupha chili mwa iwo).

Yerekezerani mitengo ya malo ogwiritsira ntchito Fomu iyi

Zambiri zothandiza

Adilesi yokopa: Dharmaperi, Forest Colony, Tejginj, Agra, Uttar Pradesh 282001, India.
Webusayiti yovomerezeka ya chipilalachi ndi http://www.tajmahal.gov.in.
Taj Mahal imatseguka mphindi 30 dzuwa lisanatuluke ndipo imasiya kulandira alendo mphindi 30 dzuwa lisanalowe. Ndondomekoyi ndi yovomerezeka tsiku lililonse la sabata kupatula Lachisanu. Lachisanu, okhawo omwe akufuna kupita kukachita msonkhano ku mzikiti ndiomwe amaloledwa kulowa munyumbayi.

Matikiti: komwe mungagule ndi mtengo

Kwa alendo omwe amabwera ku India kuchokera kumayiko ena, tikiti yolowera m'deralo imawononga ma rupee 1100 (pafupifupi $ 15.5).
Kuti muwone mandawo mkati, muyenera kulipira ma rupie ena 200 (pafupifupi $ 2.8)
Ana ochepera zaka 15 amatha kuwona gawo lonselo komanso mkati mwa nyumba yachifumu-mausoleum kwaulere.

Mutha kugula matikiti kumaofesi amatikiti, omwe ali pazipata za East ndi West. Maofesi a matikiti amatseguka ola limodzi m'mawa ndipo amatseka mphindi 45 dzuwa lisanalowe. Pali mawindo osiyana a alendo ndi nzika zaku India pamadeski a ndalama.

Ndizotheka kugula matikiti kudzera pa intaneti. Webusayiti imodzi yokhayo yomwe imapereka ntchito zogulitsa - tsamba la Unduna wa Zachikhalidwe ku India: https://asi.payumoney.com. Matikiti apakompyuta osungitsa tsambali amapezeka kwa nzika zaku India komanso alendo akunja. Kuphatikiza apo, akunja amalandila kuchotsera ma rupie 50 (pafupifupi $ 0.7).

Botolo lamadzi ndi zokutira nsapato limaphatikizidwa pamtengo wamatikiti - amaperekedwa kwa alendo onse pakhomo. Zovala zansapato zopangidwa ndi nsalu zofewa zabwino ziyenera kuvala pamwamba pa nsapato.

Mitengo ndi ndandanda patsamba lake ndi ya Seputembara 2019.

Malangizo Othandiza

Maofesi onse amatikiti ali ndi mawindo osiyana a nzika zaku India komanso alendo ochokera kumayiko ena (nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako) - muyenera kungoyang'ana zikwangwani. Panjira yopita kuofesi yamatikiti, amalonda am'deralo nthawi zambiri amavutitsa alendo, kupereka matikiti pamitengo yokwera kwambiri (kuwirikiza kawiri mtengo). Njira yosavuta yopulumutsira nthawi ndi mitsempha ndikupanga zosungitsa patsamba la Unduna wa Zachikhalidwe ku India.

Akuluakulu aku Agra akuchita chilichonse chotheka kuti ateteze zigawenga komanso kuteteza zipilala zakale kuti zisawonongeke. Kuti muchite izi, pakhomo lolowera munyumbayi, pali malo odikirira alendo. Mkati mwa zovuta mumangokhala ndi botolo lamadzi, kamera yopanda miyendo itatu, ndalama, zikalata ndi mapu owongolera alendo a Agra. Zina zonse ziyenera kuperekedwa kuchipinda chosungira. Chifukwa chake, simuyenera kutenga matumba akulu kupita nanu: izi zingokulitsa nthawi yowunika zachitetezo, ndipo mudzayimabe pamzere wazipinda zosungira.
Malo ochezera akunja komanso amwenye ndi osiyana - muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa pamzere womwe mungayime. Kufufuza kwa amayi ndi abambo kumachitanso mosiyana, motsatana, ndipo mizere ndiyosiyana.
Pali malo aulere a Wi-Fi mkati mwa radius pafupifupi 50 metres kuchokera pamalo oyang'anira chitetezo.
Taj Mahal (India) ndi yokongola kwambiri m'mawa, choncho nthawi yochokera 5:30 imawonedwa kuti ndiyabwino kuyendera. Kuphatikiza apo, pakadali pano pali anthu ocheperako, ndipo mutha kuwona bwinobwino chilichonse mkati mwa nyumbayi.

Simungatenge chithunzi mkati mwa Taj Mahal, koma palibe amene amaletsa izi mdera loyandikana nalo. Zipolopolo zochititsa chidwi zimachitika m'mawa, nyumba yachifumu itakutidwa ndi chifunga m'mawa ndikuwoneka ngati ikuyandama mlengalenga. Ndipo kuwombera kokongola komanso kwachabechabe komwe kuwonera komwe alendo amakhala munyumba yachifumuyo pamwamba pake!
Nthawi yabwino pachaka yopita ku Taj Mahal ndi chitsimikizo cha zisangalalo ndi malingaliro abwino kwambiri. Nthawi yabwino kupita ku Agra ndi February ndi Marichi. Kuyambira Epulo mpaka Julayi, kutentha kotsalira kumakhala pano, kutentha kumakwera kufika + 45 ° C. Nyengo yamvula imayamba mu Julayi, ndipo imatha mu Seputembala kokha. Kuyambira Okutobala mpaka pafupifupi Okutobala, mzindawu uli ndi nkhungu zazikulu, chifukwa Taj Mahal sakuwoneka bwino.