Verilia wosakhwima: kufotokozera ndi chithunzi, maupangiri akusamalira ndi kulima

Mitundu yosalala modabwitsa ya pichesi idapangidwa ndi obereketsa aku France ndipo amatchedwa Versilia. Maluwawo amakopa chidwi chake ndi mawonekedwe ake okongola, owoneka bwino ndipo amakopeka ndi oyenera, kuchokera kwa wamaluwa, mawonekedwe, kuphatikiza maluwa ochulukirapo kwakanthawi, kudzichepetsa komanso kupirira.

Kukongola kwachifalansa ndi fungo losakhwima kudzakhala chokongoletsera choyenera cha dimba kapena pakhonde.

Kufotokozera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana

Versilia ndi woimira gulu la maluwa a tiyi wosakanizidwa, mitundu yodulidwa yabwino. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, kuphatikizapo kudulira, chitsamba chokwanira chokhala ndi mphukira zolimba chimapangidwa. Kutalika kwake sikumangodutsa 0,6-0.7 m, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 100-120. Masamba a chomeracho ndi owala, obiriwira mdima, zimayambira ndi minga yochepa, yomwe imathandizira kwambiri kukonza ndi kudula.

Maluwa 1-3 amakula pa tsinde. Maluwa okhala ndi m'mimba mwake masentimita 10-13.Duwa limodzi limakhala ndi masamba okwanira 30, omwe mtundu wake umakongola kwambiri: utoto wonyezimira wapakati umasanduka mitsinje ya pinki yofunda, yotentha komanso yamkaka wonyezimira, yoyandikira m'mbali.

Ubwino wa duwa ndi awa:

• Kutalika ndi kutulutsa maluwa pafupifupi mpaka nthawi yozizira;
• fungo labwino, losangalatsa;
• mtundu wokongola, wosowa kwambiri:
• kutalika kwa tchire - koyenera kubzala gulu;
• zabwino kudula, imayima mu vase kwa nthawi yayitali, kusunga mawonekedwe ake okongoletsera;
• maluwa okongola okongola modabwitsa
• zosiyanasiyana zimasinthidwa bwino kutengera nyengo yaku Russia.

Kupanda mitundu ya Versilia kokha kuti pankhani yosamalira molakwika ndikuphwanya malamulo aukadaulo waulimi, chitukuko cha matenda monga khansa ya bakiteriya, powdery mildew, dzimbiri ndi zina ndizotheka. Mwambiri, zosiyanasiyana zimalimbana ndi matenda, kuphatikiza mafangasi. Maluwa amakhalanso osagonjetsedwa ndi chilala, osawopa mvula, koma tiyenera kudziwa kuti ndi chinyezi chambiri nthawi yophukira, chiopsezo chokhala ndi powdery mildew ndi malo akuda chimakulirakulira. Mitunduyi imakhala yolimba m'nyengo yozizira, koma chomeracho chimafuna pogona paka nyengo yozizira kwambiri.

Chithunzi

Pansipa muwona chithunzi cha duwa lazosiyanasiyana izi:

Mbiri yoyambira

Otsatsa aku France anali akuchita nawo zachilengedwe. Rose Versilia adabadwa mu 1996 ndi NIRP International. Mitunduyi idatchulidwa ndi nyumba yachifumu yakale mumzinda wa Versailles.

Pachimake

Mukasankha bwino malo obzala ndikusamalidwa bwino, maluwawo amasangalala ndi maluwa okongola nyengo yonse mpaka nyengo yozizira itayamba.

Zimachitika liti ndipo motani?

Ndizovuta kunena makamaka nthawi yomwe duwa lidzayamba kuphuka. Zimadalira ngati nyengo izizizira kapena yotentha, mvula kapena youma. Ngati zinthu zili bwino, maluwa amayamba pakati pa mwezi wa June ndipo amatha mpaka kugwa kwa chisanu. Pa zimayambira zolimba, zolimba, masamba akulu opangidwa ndi chikopa amapangidwa.

Chenjezo! Kawirikawiri, mphukira imodzi imapangidwa pa mphukira iliyonse, koma zimachitika kuti nambala yawo imakulirakulira mpaka 5. Izi sizimakhudza mulingo uliwonse wa duwa, duwa lomwe likuphuka limakhala lalikulu kwambiri. Ma inflorescence otsegulidwa amasunga mawonekedwe awo kwanthawi yayitali, ndikufikira 13 cm m'mimba mwake.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani ndi mitundu ina?

Mitundu ya Versilia ndi amodzi mwa gulu lofala kwambiri komanso lalikulu kwambiri la maluwa a tiyi wosakanizidwa, omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe awo osiyana. Chifukwa chake, nthumwi zamtunduwu zimafuna kudulira moyenera m'nyengo yozizira ndi pogona ku chisanu. Masamba obiriwira komanso achikopa amtundu wa tiyi wosakanizidwa samatengeka ndi matenda kuposa mitundu ina yazomera.

Makhalidwe a chisamaliro chisanachitike komanso mutatha

Kuti mukwaniritse maluwa obiriwira amtunduwu, zofunikira zonse zaukadaulo ziyenera kuchitidwa munthawi yake. Kuphatikiza apo, popanga masamba kumayambiriro kwa nyengo, duwa liyenera kudyetsedwa.

Mullein wovunda wothira superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulphate amaonedwa kuti ndi feteleza wabwino kwambiri wa Versilia. Chinthu chachikulu sikuti mugonjetse maluwawo.

Ndikofunika kuchotsa maluwa ofooka munthawi yake. Amadulidwa osadikirira kuti ayumitse komaliza. Izi zimathandizira kupanga masamba atsopano.

Bwanji ngati palibe masamba?

Ngati palibe pachimake, ndipo kulibe masamba, ndipo masamba akukula mwachangu, mwina dothi limadzaza ndi nayitrogeni. Zikatero, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wokhala ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu wambiri. Munthawi yotulutsa, kudyetsa kumachitika ndikulowetsedwa kwa phulusa la nkhuni - 1 tsp. lita imodzi yamadzi.

Gwiritsani ntchito kapangidwe kazithunzi

Ngakhale Versilia imagulitsidwa ngati mitundu yodulidwayo, sayenera kupeputsidwa m'minda ndi m'mapaki. Kukongola kokongola kumatha kukhala "munthu" wamkulu wamaluwa kapena mixborder. Imawoneka yoyengedwa komanso yolemekezeka pagulu komanso m'mabzala amodzi, makamaka kumbuyo kwa udzu wobiriwira wa emarodi. Kukongola koteroko kumakwanira bwino mawonekedwe aliwonse amalo. Kuti mukwaniritse bwino kukongoletsa, tikulimbikitsidwa kubzala tchire 5-8 pa mita mita. mamita a nthaka.

Gawo lirilonse ndi malangizo akusamalira

Kusankha malo obwera

Posankha malo okwerera, muyenera kuganizira izi:

• malo abwino ndi mbali yakumwera kwa tsambalo, yowunikiridwa bwino ndi dzuwa m'mawa ndi masana;
• duwa limakonda kuwala kwambiri, koma kukhala pansi pa kuwala kwa dzuwa tsiku lonse, kumatha msanga, chifukwa chake ndibwino ngati chomeracho chikhale mumthunzi pang'ono 12 koloko masana;
• simungabzale tchire pansi pa korona wa mitengo, kumpoto kwa malowa, m'malo otsika;
• malo pafupi ndi mpanda kapena khoma la nyumbayo sioyenera, mtunda wochokera kwa iwo uyenera kukhala wopitilira theka la mita;
• bedi lamaluwa ndi maluwa liyenera kukhala ndi mpweya wokwanira, izi zipulumutsa mbewu ku tizirombo ndi matenda, koma kutetezedwa ku mphepo yamkuntho yozizira ndi ma drafts ndikofunikira.

Nthawi

Mutha kubzala Versilia kawiri pachaka:

1. Masika (kumapeto kwa Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi)nthaka ikatentha mpaka madigiri 10 Celsius.
2. Kutha (pakati pa Seputembala - zaka khumi ndi ziwiri za Okutobala)... Kusintha masiku obwera ndikowopsa. Ngati kubzala kwa nthawi yophukira kumachitika nthawi isanakwane, ndiye chifukwa cha nyengo yofunda, duwa limatha kupatsa mphukira zazing'ono zomwe sizikhala ndi nthawi yolimba nyengo yozizira isanadze. Ndipo ngati wabzalidwa pambuyo pake, duwa sikhala ndi nthawi yokwanira yozika.

Kodi nthaka iyenera kukhala yotani?

Nthaka ya tiyi wosakanizidwa ya Versilia iyenera kukhala yachonde komanso yopumira, ndi asidi-base reaction ya 5.6-7.3 pH. Pofuna kukonza dothi lolemera, dothi, peat, humus kapena kompositi amawonjezeredwa. Mu dothi locheperako lamchenga, dothi ladongo limayambitsidwa ndikuwonjezera nthaka ya sod, peat-manyowa.

Kukonzekera mmera ndi kubzala

Podzala, mbande zimasankhidwa, momwe mphukira zolimba 2-4 zimakula kuchokera kumtengowo. Mbande ndi mizu yotseguka sayenera kukhala ndi masamba, ndi yotseka - kupezeka kwa masamba ndikololedwa. Choyamba, kubzala maenje 50x50 cm kumakonzedwa, ndikuya masentimita 40-60. Nthaka 5 kg ya nthaka yosakanizidwa ndi humus imatsanuliramo. Kuti nthaka ikhazikike, ndibwino kuti muchite izi pasadakhale, masabata 1-2 tsiku lakubzala lisanafike. Musanabzala, chidebe chamadzi (malita 8-10) chimatsanulidwa mu dzenje lililonse lokonzedwa. Pambuyo pake, imathiridwa pansi ndikutsanulira nthaka.

Ndibwino kuti mufupikitse mphukira, chotsani ofooka kwambiri. Aliyense wa iwo ayenera kukhala ndi masamba 3 mpaka 5. Kuti mupititse patsogolo kukula, muyenera kudula mizu, kuchotsa zazitali ndi zowonongeka. Mmera umamizidwa mu dzenje kuti khola la mizu likhale masentimita atatu pansi pa nthaka. Chepetsani nthaka mozungulira chomeracho ndi kuthirira mochuluka.

Kutchulidwa. Musanabzala, mbande za rozi zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zisungidwe m'madzi kwa maola 4-6.

Kukula

Kuti mukule bwino ndikukula kwa tchire, pali zofunikira zina:

• Kutentha. Chomeracho chimakonda kutentha pang'ono, osasinthasintha mwadzidzidzi. Zizindikiro zabwino kwambiri ndi madigiri 20-25 Celsius.
• Kuthirira. Kutsirira pafupipafupi kumatsutsana ndi duwa. Nthaka yodzaza madzi kwambiri imawonjezera ngozi ya mizu yowola. M'chilimwe, kuthirira kumachitika nthawi 1 m'masiku 5-7, pafupi ndi nthawi yophukira - kamodzi pamasabata awiri, ndiye, makamaka nyengo yamvula, pang'onopang'ono amasiya.
• Zovala zapamwamba. Munthawiyo, mavalidwe osachepera anayi amachitika. Pofuna kuthira feteleza, poyambira chomeracho pamakhala masentimita 30 m'mimba mwake, chomwe chimatsanulidwa koyamba ndi madzi, kenako ndi feteleza wamadzi. Mu Juni, asanafike maluwa, potashi ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amagwiritsa ntchito maofesi amchere ndi feteleza wapadziko lonse lapansi maluwa. Pakati pa maluwa, kudyetsa sikuchitika.
• Kupalira. Namsongole sayenera kuloledwa kukula m'chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira. Amakoka chinyezi ndi zinthu zina zofunika kutulutsa maluwa panthaka. Ndi bwino kuthirira nyengo youma, chifukwa chake namsongole adzauma msanga. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chida cham'munda, onetsetsani kuti tsamba sililowa kupitirira masentimita atatu m'nthaka.
• Kutsegulira kumathandizira kusinthana kwamlengalenga m'nthaka. Kumasula nthaka kuzungulira chitsamba mutatha kuthirira madzi pamene chinyezi chayamwa. Kumasulidwa kwakukulu sikulandirika, kumatha kuwononga mizu. Tchire akuluakulu amasulidwa kumayambiriro kwa masika, nthaka ikagwedezeka, atavala bwino, komanso asanagone m'nyengo yozizira.
• Kuphatikiza. Njirayi imathandiza kulimbana ndi namsongole, imapangitsa kuti dothi likhale labwino komanso limalepheretsa kugwirana. Mulch wosanjikiza wa masentimita 4-6 woyikidwa mozungulira chitsamba ndi wokwanira.

Kudulira

Kudulira kumateteza kawiri. M'dzinja, zimayambira za matenda ndi zowonongeka zimachotsedwa, kupatulira kwa mbewu zokulirapo kumachitika. M'chaka, nsonga za mphukira zimadulidwa, ndipo zimayambira zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi chisanu zimachotsedwanso.

Zofunika! Mukadulira maluwa a Versilia, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti zosiyanazi zimamera pachimake cha chaka chino.

Kudulira kopangika:

1. Masika - womwe unachitika mchaka chachiwiri. Siyani mphukira za chaka chatha (mpaka 5), ​​kudulira kuti pali masamba 1 mpaka 6 kuchokera panthaka.
2. Chilimwe - pa tchire lakale, maluwa amadulidwa ku mphukira yoyamba pansi pawo, yomwe imayang'ana panja. Pa tchire laling'ono, kudulira koteroko sikuchitika.
3. Kutha - yochitidwa mu Novembala, imasiya mphukira masentimita 40-45. Mphukira zazifupi sizingapangidwe, kutalika kwake komwe kumawonetsedwa ndikofunikira kuti nyengo yachisanu izikhala bwino.

Momwe mungafalikire?

Maluwa amafalitsidwa ndi cuttings. Njira yokhayo yofalitsira maluwa a tiyi wosakanizidwa amakupatsani mwayi wosunga zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana pachikhalidwe. Kudula kumatengedwa ku tchire lathanzi, lathanzi. Kudula kutalika kwa 10-15 cm, kutsika kotsika pakona 1 cm pansi pa impso.

Malo a scion amatsukidwa pansi, osambitsidwa ndi madzi oyimirira kutentha kwanyumba. Phesi lomezedwa limakulungidwa ndi kanema wa chakudya, ndikupanga chowonjezera kutentha, ndikusiya yekha milungu iwiri. Pakapita kanthawi, amayang'ana kuti aone ngati phesi lazika mizu.

Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira

Maluwa amafunika pogona. Ndikofunikira kuti tisunge Versilia posachedwa nyengo yamvula yozizira ikayamba. Kawirikawiri, nthambi za spruce zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogona, zomwe zimayikidwa pamwamba pa tchire ndi pakati pawo. Udzu wouma ndi masamba atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kenako, mafelemu ochokera kuma slats, ma profiles kapena mabokosi owonjezera kutentha amaikidwa pamwamba pazomera. Chotenthetsera chimayikidwa pamwamba pa chimango, ndipo nyumbayo imakutidwa ndi kanema, ndikusiya mavenda ammbali.

Mitundu yambiri yamaluwa a tiyi wosakanizidwa amakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi maluwa osangalatsa komanso oyamba. Mutha kuwona malongosoledwe, malamulo olima komanso zithunzi za mitundu ya Kerio, Black Baccarat, Red Naomi, Anastasia, Blash, Esperanza, Cherry Brandy, Mkazi Woyamba, Taleya, Augusta Louise mitundu patsamba lathu.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Mtengo wosakanizidwa wa tiyi wa Versilia ukhoza kuwopsezedwa ndi tizirombo tating'onoting'ono:

• Mpukutu wa Leaf - agulugufe, mbozi zazing'ono zomwe zimawononga masamba, masamba ndi mphukira. Pofuna kuthetsa, kukonzekera kwa bakiteriya, decoction ya anyezi, adyo ndi fodya amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Aphid - imawonekera mchaka ndipo imachulukitsa mwachangu. Zimayamwa madzi kuchokera ku zomera, zomwe zimawafooketsa. Nsabwe za m'masamba ziyenera kumenyedwa mothandizidwa ndi tizirombo tating'onoting'ono (Aktara, Actellik), njira yothetsera sopo, zonunkhira tsabola, fodya.
• Kangaude - arachnid tizilombo, ochepa kwambiri. Amapanga ukonde pakati pa masambawo, womwe umasanduka wachikasu ndikugwa. Kuti muchotse, muyenera kusamalira tchire katatu ndi tizirombo (pakadutsa masiku asanu). Masamba omwe akhudzidwa amakololedwa ndikuwotchedwa.

Nthawi zambiri, mitundu ya tiyi wosakanizidwa imafalitsa matenda a fungus:

• dzimbiri;
• imvi zowola;
• powdery mildew;
• wakuda banga.

Zofunika! Chifukwa cha mkhalidwe wopanda thanzi wa duwa ndi chinyezi chowonjezera. Chithandizochi chimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides (Topaz, Fundazol ndi mankhwala ena) ndikutsatira miyezo yothirira. Ndikofunika kuti musanyowetse mbewu.

Zochititsa chidwi komanso zokongola za Versilia zimafunikira chidwi nthawi zonse, koma kukongola kwa duwa ili loyenera kuyesetsa konse kulima. Izi ndizabwino kwambiri zolimidwa m'munda, pafupi ndi nyumba. Kukongola kwa pichesi sikungasiye aliyense wopanda chidwi.

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