Chilumba cha Spinalonga: zochititsa chidwi kwambiri kuchokera m'mbiri
Spinalonga Island ndi malo ocheperako omwe ali pamtunda wa 200m kuchokera pagombe lakum'mawa kwa Crete ku Greece. Dera la chinthucho ndi 0,085 km². Chilumbachi sichikhala anthu. Ili moyang'anizana ndi mudzi wosodza wa Plaka, womwe uli m'malire ndi Mirabello Bay yokongola. Masiku ano, kuyendera Spinalonga ndikotchuka kwambiri pakati pa alendo, ndipo choyambirira, chinthucho chimakopa chidwi ndi kapangidwe kake kamangidwe kakale - linga lomwe linali lakale kwambiri, lomwe lakhala ndi moyo mpaka pano. Chilumbachi chili ndi mbiri yosangalatsa, yomwe ingakhale yosangalatsa komanso yothandiza kuti mudziwe bwino musanayendere chinthucho.
Nkhani yayifupi
Chochitika choyamba chodabwitsa m'mbiri ya chilumba cha Spinalonga ndichomwe chidachokera. Chowonadi ndi chakuti poyamba chinthucho chinali gawo la Krete ndipo chinali chilumba. Mzinda wakale wa Olus nthawi ina udachita bwino pamalopo, womwe udawonongedweratu mzaka za 4th chifukwa cha chivomerezi champhamvu. Ngakhale lero, apaulendo amatha kuwona ming'alu yayikulu yazaka mazana ambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Zotsatira zake, zinthuzo zidasiyanitsa chilumba ndi Krete ndi bay yaying'ono.
Mpaka zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chinayi, Krete anali wa Agiriki, koma mu 824 idalandidwa ndi Aluya, omwe, sanakonzekere kulilamulira kwanthawi yayitali. Kale m'zaka za zana la 10, a Byzantine adagonjetsa chilumbachi, komwe polemekeza kupambana kwa achiwawa achiarabu adamanga Tchalitchi cha St. Phocas, chomwe chitha kuonekerabe ku Crete. M'zaka za zana la 13, mphamvu pachilumbachi idapitilira kwa omwe adamenya nawo nkhondo, omwe pambuyo pake adagulitsa maderawa ku Venetian Republic.
Mu 1526, anthu aku Venice adaganiza zosintha Spinalonga kuchokera pachilumba, chopatulidwa kumtunda ndi doko laling'ono, kukhala chilumba chokwanira. Pamalo pomwe panali mabwinja otsala kuchokera ku Olus, aku Italiya adakhazikitsa malo achitetezo osagonjetseka, cholinga chake chachikulu chinali kuteteza doko la Elounda kuti lisawomboledwe ndi achifwamba. Zimadziwika kuyambira kale kuti a Venetian adalamulira Krete mpaka 1669, pomwe Ufumu wa Ottoman udalowa m'bwaloli ndikulanda chilumbacho. Komabe, aku Italiya adakwanitsa kusunga Spinalonga chifukwa cha malinga olimba a mpandawo, womwe pamapeto pake udagonjetsedwa ndi aku Turks mu 1715.
Kwa zaka pafupifupi mazana awiri, Ufumu wa Ottoman udalamulira Crete ndi chilumba cha Spinalonga. Kusintha kwakanthawi m'mbiri kudafotokozedwanso mu 1898, pomwe anthu aku Krete adayamba kuwukira Aturuki kumapeto kwa nkhondo yachi Greek-Turkey yodziyimira pawokha ku Greece. Koma Spinalonga adatsalira m'manja mwa Ottoman, omwe adathawira mkati mwa linga. Kenako Agiriki adayamba kusonkhanitsa odwala khate kuchokera kudera lonselo ndikuwatumiza kumalo achitetezo. Pochita mantha kuti atenga kachilomboka, anthu a ku Turkey, osaganizira kawiri, adachoka pachilumbacho.
Chifukwa chake, kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20, nkhani yosiyana kotheratu, yodzaza ndi zovuta, idayamba kuchitika mkati mwa mpanda wa linga, lomwe limalemekeza Spinalonga ngati chilumba cha omwe adalangidwa. Tinaganiza zakuwuzani zambiri zanthawi imeneyi mgulu lina.
Chilumba cha Leper
Khate (kapena khate) ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amapezeka ku Europe ku Middle Ages. Pa nthawiyo munalibe mankhwala a matendawa, ndipo njira yokhayo yothetsera kufalikira kwa kachilomboko inali kupatula wodwalayo. Pachifukwa ichi, malo apadera adapangidwa, kutali kwambiri ndi mizinda momwe angathere, wotchedwa koloni. Mu 1903, Agiriki adasankha malo achitetezo pachilumba cha Spinalonga ngati chipatala cha akhate. Pambuyo pa zaka 10, osati odwala okha ochokera ku Greece, komanso ochokera ku Europe adatumizidwa kuno kuti akalandire chithandizo.
Spinalonga, pokhala chilumba cha akhate, sanalonjeze odwala kuti adzachira. Akuluakulu achi Greek sanasamale kwenikweni zakukula kwa chipatalacho, motero nzika zake zidakhala zomvetsa chisoni poyembekezera kufa. Koma nkhaniyi ilinso ndi malo owala, omwe dzina lake ndi Remundakis. Wophunzira wachichepere, wodwala khate, adafika pachilumbachi mu 1936 ndipo, chifukwa cha chifuniro chake ndikukhulupirira mphamvu zake, adasintha kwambiri moyo wakhate. Kukopa chidwi cha mabungwe osiyanasiyana kuchipatala, mnyamatayo adatha kukhazikitsa ndikukhazikitsa zomangamanga. Magetsi adapezeka pachilumbachi, malo ochitira zisudzo komanso makanema, kafe ndi wometera tsitsi adatsegulidwa, zochitika pagulu ndi zikondwerero zidayamba. Chifukwa chake, popita nthawi, odwala adabwereranso ku kukoma kwawo kwa moyo ndikukhulupirira kuchira.
Cha mkatikati mwa zaka za zana la 20, asayansi adatha kupeza mankhwala akhate, ndipo pofika 1957 Spinalonga adatsalira ndi odwala ake omaliza. Omwe anali pa gawo losachiritsika la matendawa adapatsidwa zipatala zosiyanasiyana mdziko muno. Uku kunali kutha kwa gawo lina m'mbiri ya chilumba cha Spinalonga ku Crete. Pambuyo pake, malo ochepa anakhalabe opanda ntchito kwa zaka makumi awiri. Ndipo kokha kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, pang'onopang'ono idayamba kukopa chidwi cha alendo.
Pezani Mitengo kapena sungani malo alionse ogwiritsira ntchito fomu iyi
Spinalonga lero
Kupitilira kwenikweni pakuyendera chilumba cha Spinalonga ku Greece kudaphulika buku la "The Island" (2005) - lingaliro la wolemba waku Britain a Victoria Hislop. Pambuyo pazaka 5, mndandanda wokhudzana ndi bukuli udawombedwa, zomwe zimangolimbikitsa chidwi chaomwe akupita kumalo. Masiku ano Spinalonga ndi malo otchuka ku Crete, omwe amayendera makamaka chifukwa choyenda kuzungulira linga lakale.
Mutha kupita kuchilumbachi nokha ndi bwato kapena ngati gawo laulendo. Ndibwino kuti muyambe kukondana kwanu kuchokera ku Archaeological Museum, yomwe ili kumanzere kwa pier. Nyumbayi imalonjera alendo okhala ndi masitepe, misewu ndi matchalitchi. Kuphatikiza pa mabwinja a nyumba zakale, alendo adzathokoza malingaliro opatsa chidwi kuchokera pamwamba papulatifomu. Zidzakhala zosangalatsa kuyendayenda pachilumbachi mozungulira, pang'onopang'ono kuyang'ana malo ake achilengedwe. Ndipo apaulendo omwe adziwa mbiri ya Spinalonga pasadakhale azitha kubwerera m'maganizo zaka makumi angapo ndikumva kupsinjika kwakale m'derali.
Pambuyo podziwa chilumbachi, aliyense ali ndi mwayi wokhazikika mu cafe yakomweko kufupi ndi pier. Malo odyerawa amapangira zakudya zachikhalidwe zaku Cretan zokhala ndi masaladi, nyama ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Spinalonga kuli gombe lokongola, komwe kumakhala kosangalatsa kusirira ma panorama a gombe lakum'mawa kwa Krete.
- Nthawi yogwira ntchito: Lolemba ndi Lachiwiri kuyambira 09:00 mpaka 17:00, kuyambira Lachitatu mpaka Lamlungu kuyambira 08:00 mpaka 19:00.
- Mtengo woyendera: 8 €.
Momwe mungafikire pachilumbachi
Mutha kufika ku Spinalonga ku Crete ndi bwato kuchokera m'malo atatu osiyanasiyana. Njira yachangu komanso yotsika mtengo yofikira pachilumbachi ndi ochokera kumudzi wapafupi wa Plaka. Maulendo amanyamuka kukakopa mphindi 15 zilizonse. Mtengo waulendo wobwerera ndi 10 €. Nthawi yoyendera siyoposa mphindi 5-7.
Ndikothekanso kupita pachilumbachi kuchokera kudoko la Elounda. M'chilimwe, mabwato amayenda mphindi 30 zilizonse. Tikiti yapaulendo wobwerera imawononga 20 €. Ulendowu umatenga pafupifupi mphindi 20, zomwe zimakuthandizani kuti musangalale ndi nyanja zam'madzi kwathunthu. Pali malo oimikapo aulere panjira ya Elounda, koma nthawi zambiri imakhala yodzaza, anthu ambiri amasiya magalimoto awo m'malo opaka ndalama olipira 2 €.
Muthanso kufikira chinthucho paboti kuchokera mumzinda wa Agios Nikolaos. Mu nyengo yabwino, zoyendera zimachoka ola lililonse. Mulipira 24 € paulendo wobwerera. Ulendowu umatenga mphindi 25.
Yerekezerani mitengo ya malo ogwiritsira ntchito Fomu iyi
Malangizo Othandiza
Mukamapita ku chilumba cha Spinalonga ku Greece, onetsetsani kuti mukumvera malangizo ochokera kwaomwe akuyendera kale malowa. Titaphunzira ndemanga za alendo, tawona omwe ali othandiza kwambiri pakati pawo:
- Valani nsapato zothamanga kuti mukayendere malo okopa, ngakhale kutentha. Mkati mwa nyumbayi, miyala yambiri imadutsa pansi pamapazi, chifukwa chake mapepala kapena nsapato sizoyenera kuyenda.
- Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pachilumbachi nyengo nthawi zonse imakhala yotentha kwambiri kuposa gombe la Krete. Pa nthawi yomweyi, palibe pobisalira dzuwa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuda nkhawa ndi zoteteza ku dzuwa, magalasi, ndi zovala kumutu pasadakhale. Ndikofunika kutenga kapu kapena mpango, popeza kuli mphepo yambiri ku Spinalonga, ndipo zipewa zazitali zimangobweretsa mavuto.
- Onetsetsani kuti mwasungira madzi am'mabotolo.
- Njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri ndikuchezera zokopa zanu nokha. Mtengo wa maulendo ochokera kumaulendo azoyenda kuyambira 40 mpaka 60 €. Nthawi yomweyo, mtundu wa kayendetsedwe ka maulendo nthawi zambiri umakhala wovuta. Kuti mayendedwe anu odziyimira pawokha akhale osangalatsa momwe mungathere, dziwani bwino mbiri ya chinthucho pasadakhale.
- Ngati mukufuna kukafufuza pachilumba cha Spinalonga, kuti mufufuze ngodya zonse za linga ndikuima pa cafe yapafupi, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mupatula maola atatu paulendowu.
