Ndi zovala zotani zomwe zimakhalapo muholoyi, mwachidule pamitundu

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Chipinda chochezera ndiye gawo lalikulu mnyumba momwe mamembala amakhala nthawi yayitali akusonkhana kapena kulandira alendo. Kukhalapo kwa kabati yomwe ikugwirizana bwino mkati mwa chipindacho ndichosankha, koma chinthu chotere chimathandizira kwambiri moyo watsiku ndi tsiku ndikumaliza mapangidwe ake. Tikukupemphani kuti mudziwe momwe mungasankhire zovala zoyenera m'chipindacho, mitundu ya mankhwalawa, momwe mungayikidwire mkati.

Cholinga ndi mawonekedwe

Kusankhidwa kwa zovala m'holo munyumba kumadalira zolinga zomwe eni ake amtsogolo azitsatira. Cholinga chake chogona ndizosiyana, motsatana, pali zina zomwe muyenera kudziwa musanapange mipando yamtunduwu:

kusunga zovala ndiye cholinga chofala kwambiri cha zovala, m'chipinda chilichonse cha nyumba kapena nyumba yomwe ilipo. Pachifukwa ichi, mawonekedwe otseguka kapena otsekedwa okhala ndi cholumikizira chilichonse ndi oyenera;
kusunga zinthu zapakhomo. Izi zikugwira ntchito pazinthu zambiri zapakhomo, mwachitsanzo, mutakhala ndi chipinda chamkati cha zovala, simungangosunga zovala zokha, komanso kuyika bolodi lachitsulo kapena kubisa choyeretsa;
madera otseguka monga niches atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mashelufu ama mabuku, mafelemu azithunzi, mawotchi ndi zinthu zina zimatha kukhalapo;
muzipinda zina zazing'ono, momwe chipinda chochezera chimakhala ngati chipinda chogona, zovala zosinthira ndi bedi lopinda zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chomwe chimakhala ndi kabati ya holoyo ndizosiyanasiyana komanso kuti imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi abale onse. Makulidwe ndi makonzedwe omwe adakonzedweratu a mashelufu, zopachika, ndodo ndi zina zothandizira zimathandizira kuti chinthuchi chikhale chinthu chaponseponse.

Mitundu

Makabati amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu ingapo, kutengera kapangidwe kake. Timapereka mitundu itatu yayikulu yamapangidwe ambiri:

nyumba zomangidwa ndimakonda kusungiramo zipinda zomwe zimakhala zofunikira kukhazikitsa. Ubwino wake ndi wotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi anzawo omwe sanamangidwe. Zosungidwa pazinthu mukakhazikitsa kabati yomangidwa ndizodziwikiratu, chifukwa simuyenera kukhazikitsa makoma kumbuyo ndi mbali, mumangofunika choyimira. Choipa chakapangidwe kake ndikuti makoma amchipindacho amawonongeka mukamayika zida zamkati;
zovala zodula - mipando yopangidwa ndi ziwalo, zotchedwa ma module. Izi zikutanthauza kuti makabati oterewa si gawo limodzi, koma mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana omwe amapangidwa kuchokera kumagawo. Ubwino waukulu wazogulitsazo ndikutha kupanga zomwe mungakonde, mwachitsanzo, zikafika posungira zovala, mutha kuwonjezera mashelufu ofukula ndi otsekera kuti asungire zazing'ono kapena zinthu zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi, mwachitsanzo, zida zazing'ono zapakhomo. Zovala zapadera ndizopanga zomwe aliyense ankazitcha khoma la mipando, lero lero tsatanetsatane wake, womwe kale unkakopa chidwi cha alendo onse m'chipindacho, wasanduka chinthu chokongoletsa, chachikulu kwambiri komanso chophatikizika, chokomera mamangidwe a holoyo. Ma module amiyala yakuda, mwachitsanzo, thundu lakuda, lidzawoneka bwino;
makabati a makabati ndiwo mtundu wazotchuka kwambiri pazigawo zamakampani. Ichi ndi chinthu chomaliza chomangidwa kuchokera ku fiberboard, chipboard kapena mapepala amtengo wolimba, womwe sapangidwira kukonzanso kapena kusintha. Musanagule, muyenera kumvetsetsa bwino komwe mankhwalawo adzaime, popeza kuthekera kwakapangidwe kake kopambana ndikochepa kwambiri.

Omangidwa mkati

Mlanduwu

Yodziyimira payokha

Zosankha zogona

Kakonzedwe ka chipinda chimadalira kusankha koyenera komanso mipando. Chomwe chimatchedwa khoma ndi chimodzi mwa mipando yayikulu kwambiri yomwe amagula ndi eni nyumba, chifukwa chake funso loti "chimphona" chopezeka mkati chimakhala chovuta. Nawa malangizo omwe angakuthandizeni kuchita izi:

Zachidziwikire, ngati pali kagawo kakang'ono, muyenera kusankha zovala zomangidwa zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito malo omwe alipo ngati othandiza momwe mungathere. Malo omwe ali mkati mwa njirayi ndiopindulitsa chifukwa chakukonzanso chipinda malowa sadzafuna chisamaliro chapadera, chifukwa chobisika kuseli kwa zitseko za facade. Kusagwirizana kwa makoma kapena kusiyana pakati pazovala ndi mtundu waukulu wachipindacho zilibe kanthu. Ndi bwino kuwononga ndalama pachitetezo chamatabwa chowoneka bwino chopangidwa ndi mitundu yamitengo yabwino kwambiri, chifukwa ichi, thundu ndilabwino;
khoma lililonse ndiloyenera kukhala gawo la kabati. Osatengeka ndi makabati akulu komanso ataliatali, ndikuwayika mu holo ndi khoma lonse - izi ziziwona malo ndikupangitsa chipinda kukhala chotalika komanso chosakhala bwino. Zovala zazing'ono zokhala ndi ma module ochepa opangidwa ngati matebulo ang'onoang'ono kapena mashelufu, omalizidwa ndi zovala zochepa, zokwanira makoma. Pamwamba pamagawo ocheperako ngati mawonekedwe kapena mashelufu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choyimira zida zamavidiyo ndi makanema. Mukayika zovala zokhala ndi zitseko zokhala ndi zitseko mu holo, ganizirani za utali wotsegulira kuti mupewe kusokoneza kapena kuwononga mipando ina;
gawo lalikulu la nyumbayo mnyumba itha kugawidwa ndi zovala, ndikupanga magawowo. Pachifukwa ichi, zipinda zama chipinda ndizoyenera, ndipo chovala choyenera chokhala ndi mashelufu sichingapangitse chinyengo. Chipinda chochezera chomwe chimasewera m'chipinda chogona chidzakhala chosalala pambuyo pogawa malo, ndipo chovala chosinthira chomwe chili ndi bedi lopinda chimagwiritsa ntchito bwino mpata waulere.

Panjira

Pangodya

Pakhoma

Za magawidwe

Chojambula chokongoletsera

Maonekedwe a mipando, zokongoletsa zake komanso zofunikira zake zimagwira gawo lofunikira mkati mwa holo mnyumbayo, ndikupanga mawonekedwe oyenera kwa okhalamo kapena alendo anyumbayo. Kutsogolo kwa nduna, kapena "nkhope" yake, kuyenera kukwana kapangidwe ka holoyo ndikukhala bwino, izi zitha kuchitika potsatira malangizo ena:

chovala chakutsogolo chakutsogolo ndicho mtundu wofala kwambiri wazogulitsazi pamsika. Pali zosankha zambiri pakukongoletsa kotereku ndi zida zopangira. Zipangizo zazikulu ndi magalasi okongoletsera, pulasitiki, magalasi, varnish, chipboard, MDF, nsungwi, zikopa zopangira, komanso chithunzi cha zithunzi. Kutengera ndi zomwe agwiritsa ntchito, mtengo wazomwe zidamalizidwa umakwera, nthawi zina umafika pamlingo wokwera. Ma board a MDF nthawi zambiri amakongoletsedwa ndi thundu, mkungudza, yew, kapena mitundu ina yamitengo. Zamkati zamkati nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe oyera a pulasitiki;
zitseko zotsekemera ndizofala kwambiri, koma ndizochepa, chifukwa chake palibe zovuta pakusankha njira zolimbitsa. Cholinga chachikulu mukamagula chimadalira pazogwiritsira ntchito. Nthawi zambiri mawonekedwe olowera amapangidwa ndi matabwa (spruce, thundu, phulusa) kapena ma board a MDF, osakhala magalasi. Zitseko zamatabwa ndizotsogola kwambiri, koma ndizotsika mtengo, makamaka kuchokera ku thundu. Makomawo amapangidwa ndi matabwa kapena ndi decoupage;
Zoyala zomwe zili mu holo zimakwanira bwino, chifukwa ndi "khoma" lotchuka kale. Kapangidwe kake kali koyenera chipinda chaching'ono osapanga zopinga m'menemo. Khomalo limakhala malo osungira zinthu zokongoletsera (mafano, mawotchi, zithunzi), zida zamagetsi, ndipo pakagwiritsidwe ntchito kotsekedwa pang'ono, nsalu zimakwanira bwino pamenepo.

Kuthamanga

Zogwirizana

Coupe

Mawonekedwe ndi miyeso

Kukula ndi mawonekedwe a kabati amatsimikiziridwa ndi zomwe wogula amakonda komanso malo omasuka a holoyo. Kukula kwa mipando sikukhudza nthawi zonse kukula kwake; nkhani yofunikira ndi kukonza malo osungira ndi mawonekedwe ake poyerekeza ndi geometry ya chipinda.

Ponena za mawonekedwe, makabati pankhaniyi atha kukhala osiyana:

Molunjika
chamakona atatu;
utali wozungulira;
- concave;
- convex;
trapezoidal;
mipanda isanu;
zozungulira.

Amakona atatu

Zamgululi

Zozungulira

Molunjika

L woboola pakati

Nawa malangizo posankha mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa nduna:

kutalika kwa kabati kumasankhidwa mosiyana - ndi danga pakati pa denga ndi chipinda chapamwamba cha mipando kapena pafupi ndi denga. Danga pakati padenga la kabati ndi padenga latsekedwa kwathunthu kuti pakhale kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa kuchuluka kwa zinthuzo. Ngati nduna siyayandikira padenga, ndiye kuti muyenera kusamalira mwayi wopeza mpata kuti muzitha kuyeretsa;
pansi pa kabati yokhotakhota imapangidwa ndi plinth. Izi ziteteza ma carpets kuti asakangane ndi facade yotseguka, ndipo ndi chipinda chapansi chapamwamba chopitilira 70 cm, mapazi a okhalamo azikhala otetezeka;
kabati yayitali idzawoneka yopusa mchipinda chocheperako. Idzachepetsa danga laling'ono lomwe, moopseza likulendewera anyumbawo;
makulidwe a kabati ndi malo owawa pazipindazo. Mosiyana ndi zitseko zogwedezeka, makina oyenda kutsogolo amakhala pafupifupi 100mm wandiweyani, kuwonjezeredwa pakulimba kocheperako kwa 600mm pachipindacho;
makabati apakona ndi othandiza pakakhala kusowa kwakukulu kwa danga laulere. Kapangidwe kameneka kangakwane pakona iliyonse ya chipindacho osachotsa masentimita amtengo wapatali a malo ogwiritsika ntchito;
Pali malingaliro ena pakusankha m'lifupi makabati azinyumba mosiyana ndi makabati okhala ndi zotchingira. Chomwe chimachitika ndichakuti zitseko zosunthika zosakwana 500 mm zitha kugwira ntchito mosalekeza ndikuyimilira posuntha, chifukwa chake, ndi zitseko zosachepera zitatu, muyenera kudalira kabati yonseyo pafupifupi 1.5 m.

Malangizo posankha

Pali maupangiri angapo posankha mipando yamtundu uliwonse yanyumba yomwe ili mnyumba, zomwe zingathandize kuti bajeti yabanja, isakhumudwitsidwe ndi kugula koyipa ndikusangalala ndi kapangidwe kanyumbayo. Tikukuwuzani malingaliro akulu awa:

mtundu wazida ziyenera kukhala zapamwamba kwambiri komanso kutsatira miyezo yamakono yopangira mipando. Mtengo wotetezeka kwambiri umatsalira, womwe suthiridwa ndi utomoni ndi guluu, zomwe zimawononga thanzi la munthu. Muyeneranso kulabadira zinthu zotsika mtengo zotsimikizika zopangidwa ndi matabwa a MDF, galasi, kapena pulasitiki. Mukamasankha kabati yamatabwa, mverani thundu, mkungudza, phulusa;
chitetezo sichimangokhudza vuto lazinthu zokha, komanso mtundu wamangidwe. Zigawo za malonda ziyenera kukhala zogwira ntchito bwino komanso zikhale ndi ziphaso zoyenera. Ndi bwino kusankha zokonda ndi zida zogwirira ntchito za opanga odziwika. Makina onse osunthika amayenera kuyenda mwakachetechete. Phokoso lakuthwa kwa ma crunch kapena siginecha zovuta zomwe zingasanduke kuwonongeka kwakukulu;
zitseko - zitseko zotsekera zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagunda makoma kapena mipando yoyandikana nayo. Samalani momwe khoma limakhalira poyerekeza ndi ngodya zamakoma, malo owonekera mosavuta;
Ndikofunika kusankha zotchinga zotayidwa pamakomo osunthira - zimagwira ntchito modekha komanso zodalirika. Mbali za pulasitiki ndizotsika mtengo komanso sizikhala zazifupi;
zitseko zotsekera ziyenera kukhala ndi zotseka kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo cha kutseka cholumikizira. Chida ichi ndikofunikira makamaka kwa ana;
kuwerengera zosowa mkatikati mwa kabati musanalingalire za kudzazidwa mkati musanagule. Ndikofunika kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zingapezeke komanso kuchuluka komwe mungapeze mtsogolo.

Kutsatira malangizowo, kusankha nduna yatsopano kudzakhala kosavuta, ndipo kugula kudzakupatsani chisangalalo osati nthawi yogula kokha, komanso mukamagwiritsa ntchito. Zilibe kanthu kuti cholinga chanu ndi khoma loyenera kapena kabati yosinthira, kukonzekera bwino ndikukonzekera kudzakuthandizani kuzindikira zomwe zili mkati.