Makhalidwe azomera zokulira panyumba m'nyengo yozizira: momwe mungasungire petunia mpaka chilimwe chamawa?
Petunia ndi chomera chosatha chomwe chimapezeka kumadera otentha ku South America.
Pali mitundu yoposa makumi awiri ndi isanu ya petunias. Ena ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi anzawo. Zomera zosakanizidwa zimabzalidwa m'munda kapena mumiphika pakhonde.
Maluwa ndi odzichepetsa, amatha kuzika m'nthaka kunyumba ndikukula msanga ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira mnyumba. Otsatsa maluwa amakopeka ndi maluwa akulu owala a petunia, omwe amakongoletsa dimba kapena masitepe ndi maluwa awo obiriwira nyengo yonse. Chofunika kwambiri, kubzala ndikukula duwa ili silovuta.
Zida zakukula nyengo yozizira
Petunia limamasula kuyambira koyambirira kwa masika mpaka nthawi yophukira. M'nyengo yozizira, sichimafalikira ngakhale m'nyumba. Koma petunia imatha kusungidwa kunyumba nthawi yozizira mpaka chilimwe chamawa, kukulitsa m'nyumba yomwe ili pazenera, kuti nthawi yachilimwe maluwawo adzakondweretsanso kukongola kwake.
Petunia ndi chomera cha thermophilic. Kuti mukule m'nyumba, muyenera:
- kuyatsa bwino;
- kutentha kwa mpweya koyenera;
- kuthirira kwambiri.
Maluwa
Petunia ayenera kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu. Pachifukwa ichi, ndi kuyamba kwa nthawi yophukira, ndikofunikira:
- Sankhani tchire lamphamvu kwambiri komanso labwino kwambiri.
- Mosamala kumbani iwo kuchokera pabedi la maluwa ndikuwayika mumphika wodzaza ndi chisakanizo cha dothi ndi kompositi. Izi zimapatsa duwa zakudya zabwino.
Ngati chisanu sichikuyembekezeredwa, ndiye kuti masiku angapo atadutsa, lolani maluwawo ayime panja. Izi zimachepetsa kupsinjika kwa mbeu. Pambuyo pake, ayenera kusamutsidwa kupita kunyumba.
Kutentha kwa mpweya kuyenera kukhala +10 - +15. Maluwa akhoza kusungidwa pa khonde lowala. Ngakhale kutentha kukatsika, sikungakhudze mbewuyo m'njira iliyonse. Chizindikiro cha thermometer sichiyenera kutsika kuposa +2. Kuthirira petunia m'nyengo yozizira ndikofunikira kangapo pamwezi.
Masamba onse owuma ndi owonongeka ochokera maluwawo ayenera kudulidwa. Izi zimachitika ndi lumo lakuthwa kuti lisapweteke masamba ndi zimayambira.
Zofunika: Mukasamalira bwino chomeracho, chidzaphuka kumapeto kwa dzinja.
Kodi kuteteza chomera?
Pali njira ziwiri zosungira petunias m'nyengo yozizira.:
- Mu mawonekedwe a mayi zomera.
- Mwa mawonekedwe a cuttings.
Njira yocheka
- Nyengo yozizira isanachitike, sungani maluwawo mumphika ndikubweretsa nawo mnyumbamo.
- Dulani masamba owola kapena owuma.
- Mutha kudula zimayambira zonse, kusiya 10-15 cm.
Yosungirako malamulo:
- palibe feteleza;
- kuyatsa kowala;
- mpweya wonyowa;
- kutentha koyenera;
- kuthirira osaposa 2-3 pamwezi.
Zinthu ngati izi ndizabwino kwa petunias m'nyengo yozizira. Amalekerera nyengo yozizira bwino ndikuyamba kuphuka mu February. Chomera chikamasula, mutha kuyamba kuthirira nthawi zambiri ndipo pang'onopang'ono mupange fetereza.
Kumbukirani: Maluwa amatha kukhala pazenera lozizira nthawi yonse yozizira.
Kodi izi zimachitika bwanji?
Pofika mwezi wa Marichi, odulidwa amadulidwa kuchokera maluwa. Ayenera kukhala obiriwira, mpaka 10 cm kutalika.
- Ndi bwino kudula masamba omwe akukula kuchokera pansi kuti tsinde lisabereke. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti ma internode angapo akhale pamenepo. Masamba angapo ayenera kutsalira pamwamba pa chogwirira.
Cuttings obzalidwa lotayirira nthaka, ndizotheka ndi kuphika ufa. Peat ndi vermiculite ndizoyenera kuzika mizu yawo.
- Tsinde lake limamira mu nthaka yosalala, yonyowa.
- "Wowonjezera kutentha" wakhazikitsidwa pamwamba pake kuti asunge chinyezi chambiri kuzungulira cuttings. Poterepa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chikho cha pulasitiki kapena botolo lagalasi.
- Pofuna kupewa kudula kuti kukhale nkhungu, pamafunika kupuma mpweya wokwanira tsiku lililonse.
Mphukira zazing'ono zimamera mkati mwa milungu iwiri. Kuyika mizu kunachita bwino.
- Chotchinga cha nthunzi chimachotsedwa.
- The cuttings kupitiriza kukula. Ayenera kuthiriridwa, kuthiridwa feteleza ndi kupopera mankhwala.
- Kukanikiza kungachitike pamwamba pa masamba kuti chomera chikhale tchire.
- M'chaka, kutentha kwa mpweya kumakhala kolimba (+ 100 ndi pamwambapa), zodulidwa zolimba zimabzalidwa m'minda kapena m'miphika yamaluwa pakhonde.
Zofunika: Mabowo amapangidwa pansi pa galasi wowonjezera kutentha.
Njira yodzitetezera amayi
Kuti musunge chakumwa chakumwa cha petunia m'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kutentha kwambiri komanso kuzizira. M'nyumba, ngakhale mutakhala ndi pakhonde, zimakhala zovuta kupanga nyengo yabwino.
Kudula mizu kumatha kupulumuka mnyumbayo kuposa maluwa akulu. Sakusowa chisamaliro chapadera komanso mikhalidwe yapadera. Kuphatikiza apo, cuttings obzalidwa mu makapu satenga malo ambiri.
Kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala, petunia wamkulu amayenera kumtengowo. Pakadali pano, duwa limafalikira momasuka ndi cuttings, chifukwa pali njira zina zamoyo mmenemo. Patatha sabata ndi theka mutabzala, chomeracho chimayamba.
- Cuttings masentimita 10 amadulidwa kuchokera ku duwa, obzalidwa mu chotengera cha pulasitiki ndikuphimbidwa ndi "wowonjezera kutentha" pamwamba.
- Kenako, chidebecho chimasamutsidwa kupita kumalo ozizira, koma owala - mwachitsanzo, pawindo.
- Kuonjezera chinyezi, mtsuko wamadzi amaikidwa pafupi ndi mbewu.
Kumbukirani kuti kusamalira timaluwa tating'ono m'nyengo yozizira sikusiyana ndi kusamalira mbewu zapakhomo.
Malamulo osamalira
- Kutsirira kwambiri.
- Chinyontho chambiri m'nthaka.
- Kuthetsa feteleza zonse.
- Kuthirira pafupipafupi ndi madzi.
Zambiri pazovuta za chisamaliro cha petunia zitha kupezeka pano.
Zoyenera kuchita mchaka?
Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachisanu, zidutswazo zimapangidwa tchire tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timayenera kuziyika pansi kapena mumphika. Amaloledwa kudula zomera kachiwiri ndikukula kuchuluka kwa maluwa.
Ubwino waukulu wosungira
- Tchire zimayamba kuphulika molawirira. Maluwa akuluakulu kapena phesi lopangidwa kuchokera pamenepo lidzaphuka kuyambira pakati mpaka kumapeto kwa February. Izi ndizotheka ngakhale kumadera ozizira kumpoto.
- Ndikosavuta kupeza mbande zazikulu. Izi sizitengera kufesa mbewu ndikumera. The cuttings obzalidwa adzaphuka pakatha milungu iwiri.
Zambiri zosangalatsa
Petunia ndi wa nightshade. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mbatata ndi tomato ndizogwirizana ndi maluwawo.
- Dzinalo la duwa potanthauziridwa kuchokera ku chilankhulo cha ku Brazil "petun" limatanthauza "fodya". Kwa nthawi yayitali, chomeracho chinkatengedwa ngati chibale chapafupi cha fodya ndipo chomeracho chimakhala cha mtundu womwewo.
- Mu 1921, asteroid idatchedwa duwa.
- Pafupifupi mtundu uliwonse wamaluwa ndiwotheka. Kuchokera pamtundu umodzi mpaka mawanga, madontho ndi mizere. Petals amabweranso mosiyanasiyana: yosalala, yoluka komanso yopota.
- Terry petunias alibe mbewu. Sangathe kukhazikitsa mbewu, popeza ovary imasanduka masamba.
- Malo obadwira petunia ndi Uruguay.
Kusunga petunias m'nyengo yozizira sikovuta konse ngati mutsatira malamulo ena. Pochita izi, simungapeze maluwa okongola okha, komanso kubzala zinthu zabwino kwambiri.