Holocaust Memorial Yad Vashem - Palibe Amene Adzaiwalike
Yad Vashem ndi malo okumbukira a Nazi omwe adamangidwa polemekeza kulimba mtima komanso kulimba mtima kwa anthu achiyuda. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakaleyi ili ku Yerusalemu pa Phiri la Chikumbutso. Chokopacho chidakhazikitsidwa mkati mwa zaka za 20th. Lingaliro lokhazikitsa chikumbutso lidapangidwa ndi Knesset kuti asunge chikumbukiro cha Ayuda omwe adazunzidwa ndi fascism munthawi kuyambira 1933 mpaka 1945. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ya Yad Vashem Museum ku Yerusalemu ndi ulemu komanso kutamanda anthu omwe adalimbana molimba mtima ndi fascism, omwe adathandizira mtundu wachiyuda ndikuyika miyoyo yawo pachiswe. Nyumbayi imakhala ndi alendo opitilila miliyoni chaka chilichonse.
Zambiri za Yad Vashem - Holocaust Museum ku Israel
Dzinalo lachikumbutso ku Israeli limatanthauza "dzanja ndi dzina". Anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "Holocaust", omwe amatanthauza tsoka la anthu achiyuda onse, koma m'Chiheberi mawu ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito - Shoah, kutanthauza "tsoka".
Alendo ambiri amabwera ku Phiri la Chikumbutso ku Israel kudzaona malo osungira anthu ku Holocaust Disaster Museum, koma chokopacho ndi malo achikumbutso omwe afalikira kudera lalikulu. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zidapangidwa pano zomwe zimakumbutsa mibadwo ing'onoing'ono zakupha anthu achiyuda mphindi iliyonse. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ku Israel imakumbutsa kuti zochitika ngati kupululutsa fuko siziyenera kubwerezedwanso.
Zofunika! Ulendo wopita ku Yad Vashem Museum ku Israel ndi ulere, komabe muyenera kulipira ndalama zophiphiritsira. Kuyimitsa pafupi ndi zokopa kumalipira, chowongolera mawu chimaperekedwanso masekeli 25. Muyeneranso kulipira khadi.
Ntchito yomanga nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ku Yerusalemu idapangidwa ndi konkriti wooneka ngati kanyumba kakang'ono kotchedwa isosceles. Pakhomo, alendo amaonetsedwa zolemba za moyo wa anthu achiyuda. Kapangidwe kazamkati kakuwonetsa mikhalidwe yolemetsa ndikuwonetsera mbiri yovuta ya mtundu wachiyuda panthawi ya Nazi. Dzuwa limangolowa m'mawindo ang'onoang'ono. Pakatikati pa chipindacho pali mpanda wokhala ndi ziwonetsero kuti alendo azitha kuyenda m'malo amdima ndikudzidzimutsa mumkhalidwe wachisoni.
Zabwino kudziwa! Holocaust Museum ku Jerusalem ili ndi tambirimbiri tating'onoting'ono tomwe tinalembedwera gawo lodziwika bwino m'moyo wachiyuda. Ndizoletsedwa kujambula zithunzi muzipinda zawo.
Nyumba yoyamba Amalankhula za kulanda mphamvu kwa Hitler, akufuna kulanda dziko lapansi, pulogalamu yandale ya Nazi. Nazi zinthu zowopsa zomwe Hitler adafuna kuchita kwa anthu achiyuda. Zowonetserako zikuwonetsa momveka bwino momwe moyo waku Germany udasinthira pazaka zaulamuliro wa fascism - republic ya demokalase idasandulika kukhala boma lankhanza mzaka zochepa chabe.
Zipinda zotsatirazi zimaperekedwa munthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, mosamala kwambiri zomwe zidaperekedwa pakulanda mayiko oyandikana nawo ndikuwononga Ayuda.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti! Ma ghetto opitilira chikwi chimodzi adapangidwa ndi Ajeremani kudera la Europe.
Galasi imodzi imaperekedwa ku ghetto ku Warsaw. Ndibweretsanso msewu waukulu wa ghetto - Leszno. Zochitika zazikulu m'moyo wa anthu achiyuda zidachitika pano. Alendo osungidwa ku Museum amatha kuyenda pamiyala yamiyala, onani wilibala momwe mitembo idanyamulidwira. Ziwonetsero zonse ndi zenizeni, zochokera ku likulu la Poland. Chipindachi muli chikalata chapadera - lamulo loti Ayuda athamangitsidwe mokakamizidwa kulowa chipolopolo panthawi ya Nazi. Chikalatacho chikuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa ghetto ndi gawo limodzi chabe mwa madongosolo, ndipo cholinga chachikulu ndikuwonongeratu Ayuda.
Nyumba yotsatira yosungiramo zinthu zakale yokhudza kuphedwa kwa Nazi ku Israel idaperekedwa kumalo opangira ndende zozunzirako anthu... Zambiri mwaziwonetsero zimakhala ndi zambiri zokhudza Auschwitz. Pakati pazowonetserako pali zovala zamsasa, palinso ngolo pomwe anthu achiyuda adanyamulidwira. Gawo lachiwonetserochi lidayikidwa kundende yayikulu kwambiri - Auschwitz-Birkenau. M'chipindacho muli chimango chonyamula, mkati mwake momwe chowunikira chimagwira, pomwe zokumbukira za opulumuka omwe adapita kundende yozunzirako zikuwonetsedwa. Zinafotokozedwanso mwatsatanetsatane za mpanda womwe unazungulira msasawo, zithunzi za ndende yozunzirako anthu, yomwe ikuwonetsa njira yoopsa yakupha.
Nyumba yachifumu ina idaperekedwa kwa ngwazi zolimba mtima zomwe zidatenga nawo gawo pakupulumutsa anthu achiyuda. Wowongolera mawu amafotokoza zomwe anthu achipembedzo adachitapo, ndi anthu angati omwe adapulumutsidwa.
Nyumba ina yodziwika bwino ndi Hall of Names. Maina opitilira mamiliyoni atatu a anthu omwe adazunzidwa ndi boma la Nazi panthawi ya Nazi anali atchulidwa pano. Zambiri zidatengedwa kuchokera kwa abale a omwe adazunzidwa. Mafoda akuda amakhazikika pamakoma, ali ndi zolemba zoyambirira zakale ndi umboni wa mboni, malongosoledwe atsatanetsatane amoyo wa anthu akufa. Mu holoyo, kachidutswa kakang'ono kanadulidwa mwalawo. Kutalika kwake ndi 10 mita, kuya kwake ndi 7 mita. Dzenjelo ladzaza ndi madzi, likuwonetsa zithunzi 600 za Ayuda omwe adazunzidwa ndi a Nazi. Pali chipinda chamakompyuta mchipinda chino, momwe zimasungidwa za omwe adaphedwa panthawi ya Nazi. Alendo atha kulumikizana ndi ogwira ntchito ku Center omwe angapeze zambiri za munthu.
Epilogue Hall munyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ku Israel ndiye chipinda chokhacho munyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale momwe chidwi chapadera chimayang'ana kwambiri pamalingaliro ndi momwe akumvera. Makomawo amawonetsa nkhani za wakufayo, zolemba zochokera m'malemba, zolemba.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti! Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imatha ndi malo owonera, kuchokera pomwe mutha kuwona bwino Yerusalemu. Tsambali likuyimira kutha kwa njira yovuta, pomwe ufulu ndi zopepuka zibwera.
Chikumbutso cha ana chatsegulidwa ku Yad Vashem ku Jerusalem, choperekedwa kwa mamiliyoni a ana omwe adaphedwa m'misasa yachibalo panthawi ya Nazi. Kukopa kuli paphanga, masana sikufika pano. Kuunikira kumapangidwa ndimakandulo oyatsa omwe amawonetsedwa m'magalasi. Nkhaniyi imalemba mayina a ana, zaka zomwe mwana wamwalira. Alendo ambiri amadziwa kuti zimakhala zovuta kukhala mu holo ino kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kudera la Museum of Holocaust ku Israel, kuli sunagoge komwe amachitirako misonkhano ndipo amakumbukira omwe adazunzidwa.
Gawo la Museum lomwe lidaperekedwa ku Holocaust lili ndi mndandanda waukulu kwambiri wazinthu, zolemba, zithunzi, zikalata zosimba za masamba owopsa a mbiri yachiyuda. Zojambulajambula zopangidwa ndi akaidi m'misasa yachibalo ndi ma ghetto zikuwonetsedwa pano. Pali zowonekera kwanthawi yayitali m'mabwalo owonetserako, kupezeka kwa zolemba zakale ndi makanema ndizotheka.
Zofunika! Maola otsegulira Yad Vashem Holocaust Museum ku Jerusalem ndi awa: Lamlungu-Lachitatu - kuyambira 9-00 mpaka 17-00, Lachinayi - kuyambira 09-00 mpaka 20-00, Lachisanu - kuyambira 9-00 mpaka 14-00.
Zinthu zina za chikumbutso cha Nazi ku Israel:
- obelisk kwa asirikali;
- mitengo ya alley idabzalidwa polemekeza anthu wamba omwe, mkati mwa zaka za nkhondo, omwe amaika miyoyo yawo pachiswe, adapulumutsa modzitchinjiriza ndi kuteteza Ayuda, opulumutsa ndi abale a omwe adazunzidwa adabzala mbewu;
- chipilala kwa asirikali omwe adamenyera nkhondo owukirawo, adapanga kuwukira;
- chipilala kwa asirikali;
- Janusz Korczak Square - chosema cha mphunzitsi wotchuka waku Poland, dokotala, wolemba Heinrich Goldschmidt waikidwa pano, adapulumutsa ana ku chipani cha Nazi, adavomera modzipereka imfa;
- Valley of the Communities - yomwe ili mdera lakumadzulo kwa nyumbayi ku Israeli, makhoma opitilira zana akhazikitsidwa pano, pomwe magulu zikwi zisanu omwe anawonongedwa ndi a Nazi panthawi ya Nazi anali m'ndende, Nyumba ya Madera, ziwonetsero zam'madera zikuchitika pano.
Zabwino kudziwa! Anthu okopa chidwi komanso osamala samalimbikitsidwa kukaona malo owonera zakale.
Pulogalamu yophunzirira za kuphedwa kwa Nazi komanso kuphedwa kwa anthu achiyuda ikugwira ntchito pachikumbutso ku Israel. Ntchito ya ogwira ntchito ku Institute ndikunena za tsokalo, kuti dziko lisaiwale za chodabwitsachi.
Malamulo oyendera Chikumbutso cha Yad Vashem Holocaust ku Israel
Khomo lolowera ku mbiri yakale yokhudza kuphedwa kwa Nazi ku Israeli ndikololedwa kwa alendo opitilira zaka 10. Alendo omwe ali ndi ana ang'onoang'ono amatha kukawona ziwonetsero zina ndi malo ena.
Pali zoletsa zina m'derali:
- nkoletsedwa kulowa ndi matumba akulu;
- Ndizoletsedwa kulowa mu zovala zowala, zamwano;
- palibe phokoso m'mabwalo;
- kujambula sikuletsedwa m'malo osungira zinthu zakale;
- ndikoletsedwa kulowa mnyumba muli chakudya.
Khomo lolowera m'nyumbayi limatha ola limodzi chitseko cha chikumbutso chitatsekedwa.
Pezani Mitengo kapena sungani malo alionse ogwiritsira ntchito fomu iyi
Zambiri zothandiza
Maola otsegulira Museum Yad Vashem
- Lamlungu mpaka Lachitatu: kuyambira 8-30 mpaka 17-00;
- Lachinayi: kuyambira 8-30 mpaka 20-00;
- Lachisanu, masiku asanakwane tchuthi: kuyambira 8-30 mpaka 14-00.
Zofunika! Yad Vashem Memorial Complex imatsekedwa Loweruka, tchuthi chapagulu.
Chipinda chowerengera chimalandira alendo kuyambira Lamlungu mpaka Lachinayi kuyambira 8-30 mpaka 17-00. Ma oda azosungidwa ndi mabuku amavomerezedwa mpaka 15-00.
Zomangamanga
Pali malo azidziwitso ku Yad Vashem ku Yerusalemu, apa akupereka zambiri za ziwonetsero, maola ogwira ntchito. Zakudya zimapezeka mu khofi wa kosher (pansi pa malo azidziwitso) kapena podyera mkaka. Sitoloyo imapatsa zolemba zawo, zimbudzi za anthu onse ndi zipinda zosungiramo zinthu zawo.
Maupangiri omvera
Mtengo wa chitsogozo chaumwini ndi 30 NIS. Mlendo aliyense ku Yad Vashem Museum ku Israel atha kuigula. Wowongolera mawu amauza alendo za chiwonetserochi, komanso amafotokozera owunikira 80. Mahedifoni amaperekedwa kuofesi ya Audioguide komanso patebulo poyitanitsa ulendo wopita.
Zofunika! Bukuli limaperekedwa mu Chingerezi, Chiheberi, Chirasha, Chisipanishi, Chijeremani, Chifalansa ndi Chiarabu.
Maulendo
Mutha kupita ku Chikumbutso cha Yad Vashem Holocaust ku Yerusalemu panokha, kapena ngati gawo laulendo. Nkhaniyi ili mzilankhulo zingapo. Kuti mufotokozere za ulendowu mchilankhulo china, ndikwanira kuyimbira oyang'anira zakale (foni: 972-2-6443802) kapena kulumikizana kudzera patsamba la Museum. Mwa njira, wothandizira boma amapereka mwayi wosankha chilankhulo chomwe nkhaniyi ikuyendetsedwa, kuyitanitsa kalozera wamawu ndi zina zowonjezera. Zisonyezero zina zitha kuwonedwa pa intaneti.
Yerekezerani mitengo ya malo ogwiritsira ntchito Fomu iyi
Momwe mungafikire ku Yad Vashem ku Yerusalemu
Mukuyendetsa pagalimoto kuchokera pakatikati pa Yerusalemu, yendetsani pafupifupi 5 km kumadzulo. Pali zoyendera pagulu pamsewu tsiku lililonse. Chizindikiro chachikulu ndi Phiri la Herzl.
Mabasi a Egged amathamangira ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, iyi ndi mayendedwe othamanga kwambiri. Mutha kutenga basi yoyenda yaulere pakati pa Yad Vashem Museum ndi Phiri la Chikumbutso.
Palinso sitima yapamtunda yothamanga kuchokera ku Yerusalemu kupita kumalo osungira zinthu zakale. Muyenera kupita kumapeto kotsiriza. Kuchokera pano, alendo amatengedwa ndi minibus yaulere kupita kuzinthu zisanu ndi zitatu zaku Museum.
Zofunika! Mutha kulowa mu Museum of Holocaust kuchokera pamphambano ya Goland, yomwe ili pakati pa kutsikira ku Ein Karem, komanso khomo lolowera kuphiri la Herzel.
Basi iliyonse yopita ku Phiri la Herzel ku Yerusalemu idzakutengerani ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale. Mwa njira, pali basi yapaulendo nambala 99 ku Yerusalemu, yomwe imabweretsa alendo ku Israeli molunjika ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale.
Ngati mukuyenda pagalimoto, siyani galimoto yanu pamalo oimikapo mobisa, mudzayenera kulipirira ntchitoyi. Mabasi apaulendo amayima pakhomo lolowera ku Yad Vashem Memorial.
Nyumba yosungira zinthu ku Yad Vashem Holocaust Museum ku Yerusalemu ndi yayikulu kwambiri, ulendo usanachitike, pitani ku www.yadvashem.org/yv/ru/index.asp, werengani zothandiza, malo azinthu zazikulu. Poona malo ku Yerusalemu, mutha kugawa pafupifupi maola atatu.