Sigiriya - thanthwe ndi linga lakale ku Sri Lanka

Sigiriya (Sri Lanka) ndi thanthwe limodzi lokhala ndi kutalika kwa mita 170 ndipo linga limangidwa pamenepo m'boma la Matale, mkatikati mwa dzikolo.

Pamwamba pa phirilo panamangidwa nyumba yachifumu, ndipo makoma akewo anali ndi zithunzi zokongola kwambiri. Ena mwa omaliza apulumuka mpaka lero. Kutali kokwera pamwamba, pali phompho pomwe ofikako amalonjeredwa ndi zipata zazikulu ngati mawonekedwe a mikango. Malinga ndi mtundu wina, nyumbayi idamangidwa atapemphedwa ndi mfumu Kassap (Kasyap), ndipo atamwalira nyumba yachifumu idalibe kanthu ndipo idangosiyidwa. Mpaka zaka za zana la XIV, nyumba ya amonke achi Buddha idagwira m'dera la Sigiriya. Lero zokopazo zikuphatikizidwa mu UNESCO World Heritage List ndipo ili m'manja mwake.

Sigiriya ndichokopa chapadera

Malinga ndi zofukulidwa m'mabwinja, mdera loyandikana ndi phirili, anthu amakhala m'nthawi yakale. Mapanga ndi mapanga ambiri ndi umboni wa izi.

Chithunzi: Sigiriya, Sri Lanka

Mu 477, Kasyapa, wobadwa kwa wamba wamba kwa mfumu, mokakamiza adatenga mpando wachifumu kwa wolowa m'malo ovomerezeka a Datusena, mothandizidwa ndi wamkulu wankhondo. Olowa pampando wachifumu, a Mugalan, adakakamizidwa kubisala ku India kuti apulumutse moyo wawo. Atalandira mpando wachifumu wa Kasyapa, adaganiza zosunthira likulu ku Anuradhapura kupita ku Sigiriya, komwe kunali bata ndi bata. Izi zidakakamizidwa, popeza mfumu yodziyesera yokha idawopa kuti idzagwetsedwa ndi amene mpandowachifumuwo ndi woyamba kubadwa. Zitatha izi, Sigiriya adakhala mzinda weniweni, wokhala ndi zomangamanga, chitetezo, linga ndi minda.

Mu 495, mfumu yosaloledwa idagwetsedwa, ndipo likulu lidabwerera ku Anuradhapura kachiwiri. Ndipo pamwamba pa thanthwe la Sigiriya, amonke achi Buddha adakhazikika kwazaka zambiri. Amonkewa adagwira ntchito mpaka m'zaka za zana la 14. Pafupifupi nthawi kuyambira 14th mpaka 17th century, palibe chilichonse chokhudza Sigiriya chomwe chapezeka.

Nthano ndi zongopeka

Malinga ndi nthano ina, Kassapa, akufuna kutenga mpando wachifumu, adapha abambo ake, ndikumupatsa moyo pakhoma la damu. Mchimwene wake wa Kasyapa Mugalan, wobadwa kwa mfumukazi, adachoka mdzikolo, koma adalumbira kuti abwezera. Ku South India, a Mugalan adasonkhanitsa gulu lankhondo ndipo, atabwerera ku Sri Lanka, adalengeza kuti amenya nkhondo ndi mchimwene wake wapathengo. Pa nthawi yolimbana, gulu lankhondo linampereka Kassapa, ndipo iye, pozindikira kusowa chiyembekezo kwa zomwe adakumana nazo, adadzipha.

Pali mtundu womwe asitikali sanasiyire dala mtsogoleri wawo. Pa nkhondo yotsatira, njovu ya Kasyapa mwadzidzidzi inatembenukira mbali inayo. Asitikali adachita zoyeserera ngati lingaliro la mfumu kuthawa ndikuyamba kubwerera. Kassapa, yekha, koma wonyada komanso wosasunthika, adasolola lupanga lake ndikudula khosi.

Zofukula m'mabwinja ndi zopezedwa zodabwitsa

Sigiriya (Lion Rock) adapezeka ndi Jonathan Forbes ndi msirikali waku Britain ku 1831. Panthawiyo, pamwamba pa phirili panali zitsamba zambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo adakopa chidwi cha akatswiri ofukula zakale komanso olemba mbiri.

Kufukula koyamba kunayamba patatha zaka 60 mu 1890. Kufukula kwathunthu kunachitika ngati gawo la ntchito yaboma ku Sri Lankan Cultural Triangle.

Sigiriya ndiye nyumba yakale kwambiri yomangidwa mzaka za 5th. Dera la mbiri yakale komanso zokumbidwa pansi limapangidwa ndi:

• nyumba yachifumu pamwamba pa Lion Rock;
• masitepe ndi zipata, zomwe zili pakatikati pa phirilo;
• khoma lazenera lokongoletsedwa ndi zithunzi;
• nyumba zachifumu zotsika, zomwe zimabisika kumbuyo kwa minda yokongola;
• ngalande zachitetezo zomwe zimagwira ntchito yoteteza.

Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale akuti Sigiriya Fortress (Lion Rock) ku Sri Lanka ndi imodzi mwanyumba zochititsa chidwi kwambiri padziko lapansi, zomwe zidayamba zaka za 1 ndipo zimasungidwa bwino. Mapulani amzindawu adadabwitsa ndi kusiyanasiyana kodabwitsa pa nthawiyo komanso kulingalira kwapadera. Malinga ndi dongosololi, mzindawu umaphatikiza mogwirizana komanso asymmetry, nyumba zopangidwa ndi anthu zimalukidwa mwaluso m'malo mozungulira, osazisokoneza konse. Kumadzulo kwa phirili kuli paki yachifumu, yomwe idapangidwa molingana ndi dongosolo lofananira. Maukonde ovuta amachitidwe amadzimadzi ndi njira zopangidwira kuthirira mbewu m'dera la paki. Kum'mwera kwa thanthwe kuli malo osungira madzi, omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu, popeza phiri la Sigiriya lili m'chigawo chouma cha chilumba chobiriwira cha Sri Lanka.

Zithunzi

Kutsetsereka kwakumadzulo kwa Lion Rock ndichinthu chodabwitsa - pafupifupi chimadzazidwa ndi zithunzi zakale. Ichi ndichifukwa chake pamwamba pa phirili amatchedwa malo owoneka bwino kwambiri.

M'mbuyomu, zojambula zidakuta malo otsetsereka onse kuchokera mbali yakumadzulo, ndipo awa ndi malo okwana masikweya mita 5600. Malinga ndi mtundu wina, atsikana 500 adawonetsedwa pazithunzi. Kudziwika kwawo sikunakhazikitsidwe, m'malo osiyanasiyana pali malingaliro osiyanasiyana. Ena amakhulupirira kuti zojambulazo zili ndi zithunzi za azimayi aku khothi, ena amakhulupirira kuti awa ndi atsikana omwe adachita nawo miyambo yachipembedzo. Tsoka ilo, zojambula zambiri zatayika.

Khoma lamagalasi ndi njira yopita kuzithunzi

Munthawi ya ulamuliro wa Kasyapa, khoma limapukutidwa pafupipafupi kuti amfumu, poyenda pamenepo, aziwona momwe akuonekera. Khomalo limapangidwa ndi njerwa zokutidwa ndi pulasitala woyera. Mtundu wamakono wamakomawo waphimbidwa pang'ono ndi mavesi ndi mauthenga osiyanasiyana. Palinso zolembedwa pakhoma la Lion Rock zomwe zidayamba zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu. Tsopano ndizosatheka kusiya uthenga pakhoma, chiletsocho chidayambitsidwa kuti chiteteze zolemba zakale.

Minda ya Sigiriya

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za Sigiriya, chifukwa minda iyi ndi imodzi mwaminda yakale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Malo opangira mundawu ali ndi magawo atatu.

Minda yamadzi

Amapezeka kumadzulo kwa Lion Rock. Pali minda itatu pano.

• Munda woyamba wazunguliridwa ndi madzi, wolumikizidwa kudera lachifumu ndi malo achitetezo kudzera m'madamu anayi. Kupadera kwake ndikuti adapangidwa molingana ndi mtundu wakale kwambiri ndipo pali zofanana, zomwe zatsalabe mpaka pano.
• Munda wachiwiri wazunguliridwa ndi maiwe omwe mitsinje ikuyenda. Pali akasupe mu mawonekedwe a mbale zozungulira, amadzazidwa ndi makina osungira mobisa. M'nyengo yamvula, akasupe amagwira ntchito. Kumbali zonse ziwiri za mundawu pali zilumba zomwe nyumba zachifumu zam'chilimwe zimamangidwa.
• Munda wachitatu uli pamwambapa. M'chigawo chake chakumpoto chakum'mawa kuli beseni lalikulu lokwanira octagonal. Kum'mawa kwa mundawu pali khoma lachitetezo.

Minda yamiyala

Awa ndi miyala yayikulu kwambiri yoyenda pakati pawo. Minda yamiyala imapezeka pansi pa Mountain Mountain, m'mphepete mwa mapiri. Miyalayi ndi yayikulu kwambiri moti nyumba zambiri zimamangidwa. Anagwiranso ntchito yodzitchinjiriza - adani akaukira, adakankhidwira pansi kwa owukirawo.

Minda yokhazikika

Awa ndi masitepe ozungulira thompho pamapiri achilengedwe. Amapangidwa ndi makoma a njerwa. Mutha kupita kuchokera kumunda wina kupita ku wina kudzera pa masitepe amiyala yamiyala, yomwe imatsata msewu wopita kumtunda wapamwamba wa Sigiriya Castle ku Sri Lanka.

Momwe mungafikire kumeneko

Mutha kupita kokopa kuchokera mumzinda uliwonse pachilumbachi, koma muyenera kusintha masitima ku Dambulla. Kuchokera ku Dambulla kupita ku Sigiriya, pali mabasi okhazikika a nambala 549/499. Ndege zimachokera ku 6-00 mpaka 19-00. Ulendowu umatenga mphindi 40 zokha.

Njira zotheka kupita ku Sigiriya

1. Colombo - Dambulla - Sigiriya. Njirayi ndiyabwino kwambiri chifukwa mutha kugula tikiti yamagalimoto oyenda nthawi zonse. Mabasi ochuluka kwambiri ochokera ku Colombo kupita ku Dambulla yotchuka.
2. Matara - Colombo - Dambulla - Sigiriya. Pali kulumikizana kwa sitima ndi mabasi kuchokera ku Matara kupita ku Colomba. Ulendowu umatenga pafupifupi maola 4.5. Komanso, kuchokera kokwerera mabasi ku Matara, basi nambala 2/48 inyamuka kupita kumalo osamutsira, ndege zabwino zokhala ndi mpweya wabwino zidzakutengerani ku Dambulla m'maola 8. Ndege zofananira zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati muli ku Panadura ndi Tangalle.
3. Kandy - Dambulla - Sigiriya. Mabasi ochokera ku Kandy amathamanga kuyambira m'mawa mpaka 21-00. Mutha kupita kumeneko ndi maulendo ambiri apaulendo, onani nambalayo pasiteshoni.

4. Anuradhapura - Dambulla - Sigiriya. Kuchokera ku Anuradhapura pali njira 42-2, 43 ndi 69 / 15-8.
5. Trincomalee - Dambulla - Sigiriya. Mabasi awiri okhazikika amachoka kupita kumalo osamutsira - No. 45 ndi 49.
6. Polonnaruwa - Dambulla - Sigiriya. Mutha kufika kumalo osinthira ndi mabasi wamba No. 41-2, 46, 48/27 ndi 581-3.
7. Arugam Bey - Monaragala - Dambulla - Sigiriya. Ku Arugam Bay muyenera kukwera basi nambala 303-1, ulendowu umatenga maola 2.5. Kenako ku Monaragal muyenera kusamukira ku basi nambala 234 kapena 68/580.

Yerekezerani mitengo ya malo ogwiritsira ntchito Fomu iyi

Zosangalatsa

1. Malinga ndi nthano ina, Kasyapa adasunga abambo ake amoyo mu damu atazindikira kuti sanali olemera monga amawonekera.
2. Umboni wakuwonekera koyamba kwa munthu ku Sigiriya udapezeka ku Aligala grotto, yomwe ili kum'mawa kwa linga laphiri. Izi zikutsimikizira kuti anthu amderali adakhalako zaka zikwi zisanu zapitazo.
3. Chipata chakumadzulo cha Sigiriya Castle, chokongola kwambiri komanso chapamwamba, chinkaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mamembala achifumu.

4. Phiri la Sigiriya ku Sri Lanka ndi thanthwe lomwe linapangidwa kuchokera kumphepo yamapiri omwe kale anali ophulika. Lero lawonongedwa.
5. Akatswiri akuwona njira yapadera momwe mafresco onse amapangidwira - mizere idagwiritsidwa ntchito mwapadera kuti ipereke zojambulazo. Utotowo udagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikumenyetsa kozungulira ndi kupsinjika kwa mbali imodzi kuti utoto ukhale wolemera m'mphepete mwa fanolo. Malinga ndi luso, zojambulazo zimafanana ndi zomwe zimapezeka m'mapanga aku India aku Ajanta.
6. Akatswiri aku Sri Lankan afotokoza mavesi ndi zolembedwa zoposa 680 zopangidwa pakhoma pakati pa zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu ndi cha khumi A.D.
7. Minda yamadzi yovutayi ili mozungulira molingana ndi njira yakum'mawa-kumadzulo. Kumadzulo amalumikizidwa ndi ngalande, ndipo kumwera ndi nyanja yopangira. Maiwe a minda itatu amalumikizidwa ndi netiweki yapayipi yapansi panthaka.

8. Miyala, yomwe lero ndi munda wamiyala, idagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mbuyomu kulimbana ndi mdani - adaponyedwa kuphompho pomwe gulu lankhondo lidayandikira Sigiriya.
9. Mawonekedwe a mkango pachipata adasankhidwa pazifukwa. Mkango ndi chizindikiro cha Sri Lanka, chowonetsedwa pazizindikiro za boma ndikuwonetsa kholo la a Ceylonia.

Ndizosangalatsa! Kukwera pamwamba pa Lion Rock kumatenga maola 2 pafupifupi. Ali panjira, mukakumana ndi gulu la anyani amtchire omwe amapempha kuti athandize alendo.

Zambiri zothandiza alendo

Malipiro olowera:

• akuluakulu - rupee 4500, pafupifupi $ 30;
• ana - ma rupie 2250, pafupifupi $ 15.

Kuloledwa ndi kwaulere kwa ana ochepera zaka 6.

Nyumba yachifumu ntchito zovuta kuyambira 7-00 mpaka 18-00. Maofesi amatikiti amatsegulidwa mpaka 17-00 yokha.

Mlendo amalandira tikiti yomwe imakhala ndi magawo atatu osunthika. Gawo lirilonse limapereka ufulu woyendera:

• khomo lalikulu;
• magalasi khoma;
• nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale.

Ndikofunika! Chiwonetsero ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ndi chofooka komanso chosasangalatsa, chifukwa chake simuyenera kutaya nthawi kuti mukayendere.

Nthawi yabwino yopitako ndi kuyambira 7 mpaka 7, pomwe kulibe kutentha konse. Mutha kuwonanso zokopa mukadya nkhomaliro - pa 15-00, pamene chiwerengero cha alendo chikuchepa. Onetsetsani kuti mudzatenge madzi nanu, chifukwa mudzayenera kuyenda osachepera maola 3, ndipo madzi sanagulitsidwe kuderalo.

Nyengo yabwino yoyendera Sigiriya imayamba kuyambira Disembala mpaka Epulo kapena mkatikati mwa chilimwe mpaka Seputembara. Pakadali pano, sikugwa mvula m'chigawo chapakati cha Sri Lanka, nyengo imakhala yabwino kuyendera nyumbayi. Mvula yambiri imachitika mu Epulo ndi Novembala.

Ndikofunika! Zosangalatsa zotchuka kwambiri pakati pa alendo ndikuwona kutuluka kwa dzuwa ku Sigiriya. Pachifukwa ichi, nthawi yomveka imasankhidwa kuti thambo lisaphimbidwe ndi mitambo.

Sigiriya (Sri Lanka) - nyumba yakale yokhazikika pamwala, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndiomwe yayendera kwambiri pachilumbachi. Ichi ndi chipilala chapaderadera chomwe mungasangalale nacho lero.

Kanema wosangalatsa wokhala ndi chidziwitso chothandiza - onerani ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za Sigiriya.

Onerani kanemayo: SIGIRIYA ROCK FORTRESS - SRI LANKA (June 2024).