Cossacks - ndi ndani, amakhala kuti, mawonekedwe

Tsogolo la Cossacks - olimba mtima, owawa komanso owopsa, akadakondweretsabe anthu. Pakatikati pa moyo wamtundu womwe umakhala kale kumalire a Russia ndi Commonwealth, pali maziko olimba a Orthodox, kukonda dziko lako, kulemekeza miyambo yabanja ndi maziko. Mphamvu ya mfundo izi zimatsimikizika ndi zaka mazana ambiri zankhondo yankhondo ya Cossacks, zankhondo, ndi zikhalidwe zomwe zidakalipobe mpaka pano.

Cossacks ndi ndani ndipo anachokera kuti

M'nthawi yathu ino yopanga gulu latsopano la Russia, olamulira ali ndi chidwi makamaka ndi zomwe boma la Cossack ladzilamulira, lomwe lidakulira pazomwe demokalase ya "veche" (Novgorod) idachita.

Timapeza kutchulidwa koyamba kwa a Cossacks m'makalata a kazembe wa Putivl, Mikhail Troekurov mkatikati mwa zaka za zana la 16, lomwe limafotokoza zamagulu a anthu osamukasamuka omwe amayenda "mwaufulu wawo", osati mwalamulo lodziyimira pawokha. Kwenikweni, awa anali "akapolo" othawa kuchokera ku "linga" lachifumu. Kufufuza kosalekeza kwa akazembe achifumu ndi chilango chotsatira sikunapereke mpata wokhala moyo wongokhala.

Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18 pomwe autocracy idazindikira kuthekera kwa asitikali kwa anthu odziyimira pawokha komanso opanda mantha ndikuwapatsa malo oti agwiritse ntchito limodzi. Choncho minda Cossack m'malo mwa midzi, zigawo Cossack ndi malo Astrakhan, Donskoy, Kuban, Ural, Transbaikal asilikali.

Panali mu malamulo a Ufumu wa Russia Charter "Pakuwongolera kwa midzi ya Cossack", yomwe imafotokoza za kukhazikika kwa nthaka ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthaka. Nayi mfundo yofunikira kwambiri: "Gulu lakumudzi pakugawira anthu malo ndi malo amatsogozedwa ndi malamulo okhudzana ndi miyambo yakale, ndipo sawaphwanya."

Nkhani yavidiyo

Don ndi Kuban Cossacks

Nkhani yayifupi

Ku Russia, pa Januwale 3, 1870, chikondwerero cha 300th chokhazikitsidwa ndi Don Cossack Host chidakondwerera mwapadera. Tsiku la 3 Januware 1570 lidalembedwa m'kalata yolandila Cossacks wa Ivan the Terrible. Koma chiyambi cha khalidwe la Don chinayambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 16, pamene magulu a Cossack anali m'gulu lankhondo la Ivan III.

Mu 1552 a Cossacks adachita nawo kampeni yolimbana ndi Kazan. Mpaka 1584 amawerengedwa kuti ndi "aulere", ndipo chaka chino a Don Cossacks adalumbira kukhulupirika kwa Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich Romanov.

Mbiri yovuta kwambiri ya gulu la Kuban Cossack. Oyambitsa ake, mbadwa za Zaporozhye Sich, omwe amazunzidwa chifukwa chakuba ndi mafumu aku Russia. Kuban Cossacks, yomwe ili ku Yekaterinodar (masiku ano a Krasnodar), idalumikiza anthu omasuka amitundu yambiri m'magulu awo. Kuwonjezera Russia ndi Ukraine, panali oimira anthu a Caucasus. Umu ndi momwe chikhalidwe chosiyaniranachikhalidwe chidakhazikitsidwa. Mu 1792, ndi lamulo tsarist, asilikali anapatsidwa malo m'mphepete mwa Taman ndi Kuban ntchito zopanda malire. Midzi ya gulu lankhondo la Kuban idasewera gawo lakumalire kwa Russia kumwera.

Ntchito ya Cossack

Cossack analowa usilikali ali ndi zaka 19 ndipo anakhalabe mmenemo kwa zaka 25, ndipo pambuyo pake anapuma pantchito. Ntchito yolembetsayo idaperekedwa kwa a Cossack ali ndi zaka 4. Kuphatikiza apo, kamodzi zaka 5, Cossack anali nawo m'misasa yophunzitsira pamwezi, pomwe adatsimikizira luso lake lomenya nkhondo. Anakakamizidwa, mwa kulamula, kuti awonekere ndi chida chake, kavalo wankhondo, zingwe. Pamsasa wophunzitsira, masewera olimbitsa thupi adachitika, zida zamakono zidaphunziridwa, kuwombera kulembetsa kumachitika, komanso kukhala ndi kavalo kumayang'aniridwa.

Pamene ntchitoyi inkapitirira, Cossack adakwezedwa pamlingo, amalandila maudindo ndi mendulo. Pali epics ambiri ndi nthano za zitsanzo za kulimba mtima ndi ungwazi wa Cossacks. Zochita za Ataman M. Platov pankhondo ndi gulu lankhondo la Napoleon, a Cossack Kozma Kryuchkov, omwe adagwira nawo Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse ndipo adapatsidwa woyamba St. George Cross, adasindikizidwa kwamuyaya pokumbukira ana oyamikira. Chitsanzo chatsopano ndikuchita bwino kwa a Georgeievsky Knight wathunthu, Hero wa Soviet Union K.I. Nedorubov panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, yemwe adatsimikizira kuchita bwino kwa okwera pamahatchi pankhondo yama makina.

Cossacks ndi ankhondo komanso alimi. Boma la tsarist linayesa mozama zopereka zachuma za Cossacks ku bajeti yaboma. Cossacks mwaluso amagwiritsa ntchito makina atsopano aulimi ndi feteleza. Zokolola paminda ya Cossack zinali zazikulu. Adaleredwa kuyambira ubwana pachikhalidwe chantchito yolemekeza ntchito, amasunga ndalama zakunja kwa Russia pamlingo woyenera. Ndipo unalinso msonkhano.

Momwe mungakhalire Cossack

Mu Cossacks, kapangidwe kotere ka funsoli kamawonedwa ngati konyansa. Chikhalidwe pakati pawo ndikuti munthu amangobadwa Cossack. Apa tikulankhula za kukhulupirika kukumbukira makolo, za banja lomwe limalemekeza zomwe abambo amachita, za Orthodox - maziko ofunikira. Kuyesera kutsitsimutsa chithunzi ichi cha kuleredwa kunapangidwa: Makalasi a Cossack adapangidwa kusekondale, makampani a Cossack adakonzedwa mgulu lankhondo lamakono, maudindo a Cossack ndi maudindo, malamulo ndi mphotho zidabwezedwa pakati pa omwe amatsatira miyambo yachikhalidwe.

Koma ziyenera kuzindikiridwa kuti pang'onopang'ono maphunziro aku sukulu akusunthira kumakalasi a cadet, zomwe asitikali ankhondo sanazike mizu bwino. Tiyenera kuvomereza kuti kulibe chidaliro chachikulu pakutsitsimutsidwa ndi ukulu watsopano wa Cossacks mdera lathu. Ndipo lingaliro la olamulira lokonzanso a Cossacks omwe adazunzika pankhondo yapachiweniweni ndizodzikongoletsa.

Mutasankha kulowa nawo gulu la Cossack, muyenera kutsatira malamulo angapo:

1. Wosankhidwayo ayenera kukhala wazaka zovomerezeka.
2. Khalani Orthodox.
3. Kuthandizira malingaliro a Cossacks, dziwani ndi kulemekeza miyambo yawo ndi zikhalidwe zawo.
4. Khalani achikhalidwe chogonana.
5. Khalani ndi chifuniro chodzifunira.
6. Kuti mulowe nawo mdera lanu, muyenera kutumiza fomu yofunsira kwa ataman wa kumudzi kapena chigawo chapafupi.
7. Malangizo ochokera kwa anthu awiri omwe akhala mgululi zaka ziwiri kapena kupitilira adzafunika.
8. Muyeneranso kupereka zikalata zamaphunziro, ntchito yankhondo, mphotho (ngati zilipo).
9. Pamsonkhano wa Cossack, kuvota kumachitika. Ngati avomerezedwa ndi mavoti ambiri, wobwera kumene amayesedwa nthawi yoyeserera, pomwe amafunika kuphunzira zolembazo, malamulo, malamulo, malangizo, ndikuchita nawo zochitika mderalo.
10. Pamapeto pa nthawi yoyeserera, ngati aliyense ali wokhutira, pamakhala mwambo wachinyamata, pomwe wansembe, kalonga, ndi onse oimira bungwewo akuyitanidwa. Watsopanoyo alandila satifiketi ya Cossack ndi chilolezo chonyamula zida zosuluka.

Chiwembu chavidiyo

Zosangalatsa

• Cossack wotanthauziridwa kuchokera mchilankhulo cha Turkic ndi munthu womasuka, wodziyimira pawokha.
• A Cossacks adapanga "mayiko" awo omwe amawatcha asitikali - asitikali a Zaporozhian, Don, ndi Chervleniy Yar. Modern Ukraine anapangidwa kuchokera mmodzi wa asilikali boma.
• Cossacks adatenga nawo mbali pankhondo ndi anthu osiyanasiyana: Aturuki, Apolishi, Anthu aku Russia, komanso aku Germany.
• Siberia anali katswiri pafupifupi pangozi asilikali Cossack.
• Cossacks mbendera ili ndi mitundu itatu: wachikaso, wofiira, wabuluu. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha umodzi wa anthu atatu - Russia, Kalmyks, Cossacks.

Cossacks m'dziko lamakono - mawonekedwe ndi maudindo

Lero pali gulu lomwe likukula lokonzanso kwa Cossacks. Kukonda dziko la Cossacks amakono ndi chimodzi mwazolepheretsa kuwononga chuma cha dziko mosadziletsa. Sosaite yathunthu ikutaya gawo lake lamakhalidwe, ndipo imayamikira ubale wapabanja mocheperako. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kumvera mawu a Cossacks amakono.

Kutsitsimutsidwa kwa maboma am'deralo kumathandizidwanso pagulu. Oimira Cossacks amakono amasankhidwa ndi maboma, mabungwe aboma, amayang'anira momwe ana amakulira. Cossacks amayang'anira gawo lomwe apatsidwa, amathandizira kukhazikitsa bata pagulu, amalimbana ndi mphwayi za olamulira pazosowa za nzika, ziphuphu.

Onerani kanemayo: Cossacks 3 - 7P FFA THROUGH THE OPEN GATES. Multiplayer Gameplay (June 2024).