Kufotokozera kwamitundu yama marigolds otsika kwambiri: chithunzi. Malangizo a chisamaliro choyenera

Marigolds ndi imodzi mwazomera zotchuka kwambiri zamaluwa. Kodi mumadziwa kuti maluwa odziwika bwinowa ndi akunja! Dziko lakwawo ndi South ndi Central America.

Kubwerera m'zaka za zana la 16, nthanga za chomera ichi kuchokera kubanja la Aster zidabweretsedwa ku Spain pazombo za amalinyero. Munkhaniyi tikambirana za mitundu ya maluwawa, mitundu yake, malamulo amakulira ndi kusamalira. Zithandizanso kuwonera kanema wosangalatsa.

Maonekedwe ndi mayina amitundu

CHENJEZO: Maluwa ali ndi tsinde lokhazikika, nthambi zomwe nthambi zake zimakhala zopindika, koma tchire lolimba kwambiri. Kutalika kwake kumatha kufikira masentimita 20 mpaka 120. Kukongola kwa tchire kumaperekedwa ndi masamba obiriwira amdima amitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Zomera zimavala ma inflorescence-madengu achikasu, lalanje, abulauni, ofiira ofiira, amitundu yosiyanasiyana, omwe atha kukhala osakwatiwa kapena osonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence yovuta. Marigolds amamasula kwambiri komanso kwa nthawi yayitali, kuyambira Juni mpaka chisanu choyamba. Mutha kuzindikira maluwawa ndi fungo lamphamvu lamasamba lomwe limatulutsa maluwa ndi masamba.

Marigolds agawika mitundu itatu kutengera kutalika kwa tsinde kuthengo:

1. chilili, kapena Africa, (zazikulu ndi zamphamvu zimayambira mpaka 1 mita kutalika);
2. wopyapyala, kapena waku Mexico, (ali ndi chitsamba chokwanira mpaka 40 cm);
3. kukanidwa, kapena Chifalansa, (zomerapo masamba 30-50 cm).

Mupeza tsatanetsatane wa mitundu itatu ya marigolds ndikuwasamalira panja m'nkhani yapadera.

Marigolds okula pang'ono ku Mexico ndi ku France ndi otchuka kwambiri kwa amaluwa ndi wamaluwa, chifukwa ndiabwino kukongoletsa mabedi amaluwa, minda yakutsogolo ndi mapiri a Alpine. Ndipo popeza atha kuphulika ndi dothi laling'ono kwambiri, atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zipinda zokongoletsera nyumba ndi nyumba zina (werengani zazodziwika bwino za kukula kwa marigolds m'mabokosi ndi miphika kunyumba). French marigolds pachimake kuyambira koyambirira kwa chilimwe mpaka kumapeto kwa Okutobala mumitundu yonse ya lalanje.

1. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya marigolds achi French (otsika pang'ono), omwe ali ndi inflorescence yaying'ono yokhala ndi masentimita 3-5 masentimita, ndi marigolds osiyanasiyana:
   • Vilmorin (osaposa 26 cm wokhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono awiri ngati mauta achikaso kwambiri).
   • Chibangili cha Cherry (chitsamba cholimba sichidutsa 25 cm ndi maluwa ofiira ndi chitumbuwa).
   • Golide Kophen (chitsamba chokhuthala kwambiri 25 cm komanso inflorescence iwiri yazithunzi zagolide).
   • Mpira wagolide (compact shrub, osapitilira 30 cm kutalika ndi nthambi zowoneka bwino ziwiri ndi maluwa agolide omwe amawoneka ngati mapadi).
   • Carmen (Chomera chomwe sichinapitirire 30 cm ndi maluwa achikasu pakati, ofiira ofiira m'mbali).
   • Mfumukazi Sofia (chitsamba cholimba, chopanda masentimita 30 kutalika, ndi chikasu m'mbali ndi maluwa owala a burgundy pakati).
   • Lawi la lalanje (chitsamba chotsalira kwambiri ndi maluwa ofiira a lalanje).
2. Ma marigolds ocheperako ocheperako (Mexico) amafunikiranso, chifukwa safuna kubzala ndi chisamaliro chapadera. Marigolds aku Mexico ndi tchire tating'ono mpaka 40 cm wamtali, wokhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zakudya. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi iyi:
   • Gnome (tchire mpaka 25 cm ndi maluwa ozungulira lalanje-bulauni).
   • Lulu (maluwa otambalala kwambiri okhala ndi masamba owoneka bwino ndi inflorescence yaying'ono yokhala ndi maluwa achikaso ndi mandimu).

Mudziwa zambiri zamitundu ndi mitundu ya marigolds okhala ndi zithunzi apa.

Chithunzi

Onani zithunzi za zomera zokongola zazikulu:

Malamulo osamalira

Kuti ma marigolds asangalatse ndi kukongola kwawo, mukamachoka, muyenera kukwaniritsa zingapo kuti zikule bwino.

Izi ndi izi:

• kuyatsa;
• kutentha;
• kapangidwe ka nthaka;
• kuthirira;
• zovala zapamwamba;
• kupalira ndi kumasula;
• kuyandikira kwa mbewu zina.

1. Kuyatsa... Marigolds amakonda kuyatsa kowala. M'munda mwanu, abzalani dzuwa, kenako adzaphuka kwambiri. Ndi bwino kusankha malo otseguka, obiriwira kuti mubzale ma marigolds ochepa. Muyeneranso kukumbukira kuti mbewu zomwe zidabzalidwa zimapanga mthunzi, chifukwa chake mukamabzala, mbewu zotsika mtengo ziyenera kuyikidwa patali masentimita 15 mpaka 20 kuchokera wina ndi mnzake.

   Ngati mulibe malo owala bwino, kumbukirani kuti izi zimatha kulekerera mthunzi ndi mthunzi pang'ono. Momwe mungabalire marigolds mumzinda? Kumbukirani kuti malo obzala maluwa ayenera kukhala dzuwa, motero malo otseguka a dothi kapena malo oyandikira nyumba zowoneka bwino ndioyenera mabedi amaluwa, komanso malo obzala khonde - mbali zakumwera, kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo kwa nyumbayo.
2. Kutentha... Marigolds ndi zomera zokonda kutentha, kutentha kwa madigiri 22-25 ndikofunika kuti mbeu imere, ndipo kutentha kwa madigiri 20-23 ndikokwanira kukula kwathunthu. Mbande za Marigold zimabzalidwa pamalo otseguka kumapeto kwa chisanu chonse. Momwe tingachitire molondola, tanena pano.

   Kutentha kochepa, kukula kwawo kumachedwetsa, masamba amatuluka. Pa chisanu choyamba, zomera zimafa.

3. Kapangidwe ka dothi... Amakhulupirira kuti ma marigolds omwe samakula kwambiri sadzichepetsa pakupanga nthaka ndipo adzaphuka ngakhale opanda feteleza. Komabe, mbewuyi imafuna dothi labwino labwino, loamy kapena yopanda mbali. Ngati dothi lili lamchenga patsamba lanu, limatha kuphatikizidwa powonjezera nthaka yakuda kapena humus.

   Nthaka iyenera kuthiridwa, yotayirira, yokwanira kuloleza madzi, itakonzedwa ndi feteleza ovuta. Simungabzalepo nthaka ya acidic, yolemera ndi madzi osasunthika, chifukwa mizu idzaola mwachangu kwambiri.

4. Kuthirira... Madzi ma marigolds pang'ono, koma pafupipafupi. Munthawi yakukula mwachangu, musalole kuti dothi liume, apo ayi mbewu zidzakhala zofooka, ndipo inflorescence ikhala yaying'ono. Chomera chikayamba kumangirira inflorescence ndi pachimake, kuthirira kumakhala kochepa, chifukwa pamakhala chiopsezo chodzaza mizu, zomwe zingayambitse matenda owola ndi mafangasi. Bwino kuthirira madzulo.
5. Zovala zapamwamba... Amakhulupirira kuti ma marigolds safunika kudyetsedwa. Koma maluwa ochuluka, obiriwira amatha kuthekera kokha ndi chakudya chapamwamba. Ndi bwino kubzala mbande panthaka yothira manyowa kapena osakanikirana ndi humus. Chotsatira, muyenera kudyetsa marigolds obzalidwa m'munda kapena m'mabedi katatu.

   Nthawi yoyamba feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukula kwachomera, pomwe kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 10-12. Kenako amadyetsedwa pomwe masamba oyamba amawonekera. Kuvala kwachitatu kuyenera kuchitika atangotsala pang'ono maluwa kapena kumayambiriro kwa maluwa. Kukumana mobwerezabwereza kumachepetsa maluwa a marigolds. Mwatsatanetsatane za momwe tingadyetse marigolds maluwa ambiri, tidalemba m'nkhaniyi.

   Kangati kudyetsa maluwa obzalidwa pakhonde m'miphika yamaluwa ndi miphika? Nthaka m'makontena otere imatha msanga, ndipo popanda umuna, ma marigolds amasiya kufalikira. Chifukwa chake, zomerazi zimayenera kudyetsedwa kamodzi pamasabata awiri. Pathanzi, zinthu zovuta zokha zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito: Agricola -7, Mphamvu Yabwino, feteleza wa maluwa.

   CHOFUNIKA: Kumbukirani kuti feteleza wa nayitrogeni umalimbikitsa kukula koma umalepheretsa maluwa.

6. Kupalira ndi kumasula ma marigolds... Kupalira kwa marigolds kuyenera kuchitidwa pafupipafupi, popeza maluwa amakonda kuyatsa bwino, ndipo namsongole samangomanga zokolola zokha, komanso kubzala mthunzi. Kutsegula nthaka ndikukhazikitsa mpweya wokwanira wa mizu - mpweya wa mizu, womwe ndi wofunikira kuti apange tchire lobiriwira.

   Ndikofunikira kumasula tsamba lobzala la marigold nthawi yonse yokula ndi maluwa. Kuti mupange chitsamba chokongola, muyenera kutengulira nthambi, masamba otayika, masamba achikasu.

Tidakambirana mwatsatanetsatane za kusamalira ma marigold panja m'nkhaniyi, ndikuwerenga za momwe mungawasamalire kunyumba.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Ngati mumasamalira marigolds, poganizira momwe zinthu zilili pakukula bwino, ndiye kuti maluwawo adzakusangalatsani kwa miyezi ingapo ndi mawonekedwe ake abwino. Koma tizirombo ndi matenda ndizosapeweka ngati nyengo isagwirizane ndi zikhalidwe komanso chisamaliro chimaphwanyidwa.

Chifukwa chake, ndi chinyezi, zowola, bowa, slugs ndi nkhono zitha kuwonekera pachomera... Ndi Blackleg, chomwe chimatchedwa fungal matenda, tsinde limadzaza ndi mawanga oyera, omwe kenako amada ndikuyamba kuwola.

Chomeracho sichingathenso kupulumutsidwa, chiyenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo nthaka iyenera kuthandizidwa ndi fungicides, phulusa, perlite, ndi kuthirira ziyenera kuchepetsedwa. Mizu yovunda imvi, yomwe imachitika ndikuthirira kwambiri komanso kutentha pang'ono, imabweretsa mphukira zachikaso ndi imfa. Slugs ndi nkhono zimatha kupezeka poyang'ana m'masamba a marigolds komanso kumasula nthaka yozungulira chomeracho. Pali njira ziwiri zothetsera tizirombo:

1. Sungani iwo.
2. Phatikirani phulusa kapena laimu kuzungulira tsinde lililonse ngati chotchinga.

Ngati chilimwe chili chowuma kapena kuthirira kokwanira, kangaude amatha kuwonekera, kenako masamba ndi maluwa zimakutidwa ndi pachimake choyera. Mutha kulimbana ndi nkhupakupa poyika mpweya wozungulira nthawi zonse kubzala... Werengani zomwe mungachite ngati kangaude kapena tizilombo tina timapezeka pachomera munkhani ina.

Nkhuku zakuda kapena agulugufe oyera amatha pamasamba a mbande za marigold, amadya timadziti tazomera ndipo amatha kuwonongeka kokha chifukwa cha mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena kulowetsedwa kwa adyo, masamba a fodya kapena celandine.

Kodi zimaswana bwanji?

Mitundu yonse yama marigolds imaberekana ndi mbewu., yomwe mlimi aliyense amatha kudzisonkhanitsa yekha atangobzala maluwa, kusiya makapu oyanika pa chomeracho (ndi motani komanso ndi liti kusonkhanitsa mbewu za marigold?). Marigolds imafesedwa pa mbande komanso pansi. Kwa mbande, marigolds osafunikira amafunika kufesedwa koyambirira kwa Epulo, kenako adzaphuka mu Juni.

Pofesa, konzani nthaka motere:

• humus;
• peat;
• nkhuni;
• mchenga (1; 1; 1; 0.5).

Onetsetsani kuti mankhwala anu akusakanikirana ndi mankhwala a fungicide kapena mdima pinki yankho la potaziyamu permanganate. Kenako pangani ma grooves osakaniza ndikubzala mbeuyo pamtunda wa 1.5 - 2 cm. Madzi pang'ono pang'ono, pang'ono. Bzalani marigolds otsika pansi pambuyo pa chisanu chonse malinga ndi chiwembu cha 20x20.

Yomweyo m'nthaka, muyenera kubzala chisanadze akhathamiritsa, kapena bwino utakula mbewu. Kuti muchite izi, pangani mabowo, ikani mbewu mkati mwake, ndikuwaza chisakanizo cha michere ndi madzi. Woonda mbeu mutamera, kusiya kwambiri.

Muphunzira momwe mungamere chomera kuchokera ku nthanga pano, ndipo apa tidakambirana za momwe mungakulire mbande za marigold nokha.

Onani kanema wonena za kubzala marigolds kwa mbande:

Mapeto

Kukula mitundu yonse yama marigolds, muyenera kukumbukira kuti kukongola kwa maluwa amenewa ndi ntchito ya munthu. Ndipo ma marigolds apansi mochenjera amapanga maluwa odabwitsa, osangalatsa m'maso pamtengo wotsika. Chifukwa chake, amayenera kuwalabadira.

Onerani kanemayo: מנשה לוסטיג לאכט א גוטס, בעפארן ארויס שיסן די נ שערי טמאה פון הויז (September 2024).