Zabwino kwambiri petunia grandiflora. Zosiyanasiyana ndi zolima

Petunia ndi chomera chodziwika bwino kwa onse omwe amalima maluwa. Ndipo izi sizangozi, chifukwa imakula mwachangu ndipo imakondweretsa kwa nthawi yayitali ndi mitundu yake yayikulu yowala.

Mmodzi mwa oimira owala kwambiri maluwawo ndi petunia grandiflora. M'nkhaniyi tiona chomwe chomera ichi ndi chisamaliro chake chomwe chimafunikira.

Muphunzira mbiri yakuyambira ndi kupezeka kwa chomera chokongola ichi, phunzirani momwe mungasankhire mbewu zoyenera ndi mbewu zathanzi kuti ziberekenso, kuthirira komanso ngati petunias amafunikira kuwala.

Kufotokozera kwa botanical

Petunias grandiflora ndi maluwa apachaka. Oyimira banja la Solanovy. Grandiflora sangadzitamande ndi kuchuluka kwa maluwa pachitsamba, koma kukula kwake kumasangalatsa aliyense. Ichi ndi chomera chochepa, kutalika kwake kumafika masentimita 25-50. Maluwa ake ndi 9-12 cm. Maluwa amatha kukhala awiri kapena okhazikika, koma maluwa awiri samangirizidwa kawirikawiri.

Malangizo! Grandiflora imakhudzidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kapena kusowa kwa chinyezi komanso kutentha. Chifukwa chake, chisamaliro chapadera ndi chisamaliro ziyenera kutengedwa posamalira izi. Petunia adzakusangalatsani ndi maluwa okongola masiku 85-95 mutabzala mbewu.

Mbiri yoyambira

Mtundu woyamba wa petunias unapezeka ndikufotokozedwa ku Uruguay mu 1793 ndipo umatchedwa mtundu wa Tabakov. Pambuyo pake, petunias adayamba kuwonekera m'malo otentha ku America, kenako mitundu yoposa 30 idapezeka ndikufotokozedwa ku Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Parana, Santa Catarina ndi Rio Grande. Zonsezi zimangokula m'zigawo zazing'ono m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ku South America. Ndipo mtundu umodzi wokha, petunia parviflora, unali ndi malo ambiri. Ikupezekabe ku Cuba, Western India, Mexico, ndi United States.

Komanso, mitundu yambiri ya petunias idapezeka ndikufotokozedwa. Obereketsa adagwiranso ntchito mwakhama kuti apange mitundu yatsopano ya mbewu. Mu 1834, chomera choyamba cha haibridi chidakula, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo petunias afalikira kwambiri m'mapaki, minda ndi mabedi amaluwa padziko lonse lapansi.

Zosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe ake

Mitundu ya chomerachi ndi yayikulu kwambiri. Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu yamitundu:

1. Mipikisano flowered - odzichepetsa kwambiri komanso osinthasintha. Amakula bwino m'malo opanda dzuwa, mtundu uliwonse wamunda wamaluwa ndi woyenera. Mu chisamaliro, kuthirira ndi kudyetsa nthawi zonse ndikofunikira. Maluwawo ndi ochepa masentimita 5 okha, koma ndi ambiri. Amamasula msanga kwambiri ndipo amamasula mtundu wobiriwira kwa nthawi yayitali. Wokongola osati wachikondi amakonda danga laulere mumphika komanso kuwonjezera mavitamini.
2. Yaikulu-yoyenda kapena grandiflora - ndi thermophilic ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe ena osamalira. Kuchokera ku chinyezi chowonjezera, amatha kutaya mawonekedwe awo okongola. Maluwawo ndi 10 cm m'mimba mwake ndipo sali ochulukirapo ngati maluwa amitundu yambiri. Amafuna mikhalidwe yolondola yokula ndi chisamaliro chapadera kunyumba. Amafuna kuyatsa kokwanira, mchere wambiri ndi mavitamini m'nthaka, kutentha kwabwino kwakukula ndi maluwa ndi kudulira pafupipafupi.
3. Floribunda - mtanda pakati pa mbewu ziwiri zoyambirira. Ali ndi inflorescence yayikulu yokwanira. Kulimbana ndi nyengo yoipa. Imawoneka yokongola pamakonde, yopangidwa ndi mabedi amaluwa, ndipo imangokula bwino pamapiri onse.

Muli kalasi iliyonse pamakhala ma subspecies angapo, omwe amasiyana mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa maluwa, komanso kutalika kwa chomeracho.

Zomera zonse zimagawidwanso mu:

• Kusuntha - kukula mwamphamvu. Amamera m'mitsuko ikuluikulu. Zimasiyanasiyana pakakhala mphukira zazitali. Amatha kuponya zikwapu mpaka 1.5 mita kutalika. Kutalika sikuposa 50 cm.
• Ampelny Ndi chokongoletsera chenicheni. Kutalika kwa malupuwo kumakhala mpaka mita 1.5. Kukula mabokosi kapena madengu. Zikuwoneka zokongola miphika. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kalipeti wamaluwa.
• Theka-ampel - mumere mu zitsamba zobiriwira. Musapitirire masentimita 40. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chokhalira m'nyumba.

Mutha kuwerenga za mitundu yonse ya petunias munkhani yapadera.

Bravo zosiyanasiyana

Chomera choyambirira maluwa. Ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana modabwitsa. Nthawi yofanana kwambiri yamaluwa. Osamva za kusowa kwa kuyatsa. Amakhala nthambi bwino, koma ali m'nyumba. Iwo samathothoka m'munda. Zikuwoneka bwino panja komanso mumphika. Kutalika mpaka masentimita 25-30. Kukula kwa maluwa 8-9 masentimita.

Kukula ukadaulo

Kufesa

Gwiritsani ntchito nthaka yopepuka ndi peat. Fukani nyembazo mopepuka ndi dothi lochepa. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yothira mokwanira kuti isasambe mbewuzo mukamwetsa. Msinkhu wa chinyezi pakamera ndi 100% (izi zidzachepetsa chovala cha mbewu, kulola kuti muzu uwonekere ndikuthandizira kukulitsa ma cotyledons). Mutha kubzala nyembazo ndi vermiculite kuti mupereke chinyezi mozungulira. Kutentha 24-25^zaKUCHOKERA.

Pambuyo pa mphukira zoyamba, chinyezi chiyenera kuchepetsedwa mpaka 50-70%. Chifukwa chinyezi chimalepheretsa mpweya kuti ufike kumizu, ndikupangitsa matenda amizu. Osamauma. Kuchepetsa kutentha mpaka 20-24^zaC. Yambani kudyetsa potaziyamu ndi potaziyamu nitrate.

Zofunika! Nthawi ndi nthawi, muyenera kuyang'ana kukula kwa mizu (ngati mizu ikukula bwino, ikani fungicides).

Pakadali pano, kutentha kumakhala 18-21^zaC. Timadyetsa mbeu ndi feteleza ndi boron ndi chitsulo. Pambuyo kumera, sungani mabokosiwo m'chipinda chowala. Mu sabata yoyamba, kuyatsa kuyenera kukhala kwa maola 18.

Kutumiza mphika

Gwiritsani ntchito nthaka yopepuka ndi peat. Patatha sabata imodzi ndikuchepetsa, muchepetse kutentha mpaka 16-17^zaC. Kutentha kwa dothi kuyenera kukhala 24^zaC. Perekani kuwala kochuluka. Mthunzi masana.

Khalani petunia pa 15^zaNdi ndi kuyatsa kwapamwamba. Mizu ikadzaza mphika wonsewo, muchepetse kutentha mpaka 13-16^zaKUCHOKERA.

Feteleza ndi owongolera kukula

Dyetsani ndi feteleza woyenera ndi chitsulo chowonjezeredwa ndikuthirira kulikonse. Osapereka madzi opanda feteleza. Dyetsani ndi ammonium pamiyeso yayitali kwambiri. Kuwala pang'ono, calcium. Gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wa ammonium m'malo owala kwambiri komanso masana. M'mikhalidwe yotsika kwambiri ndikusowa kuyatsa - feteleza wa calcium.

Kwa chomera chokwanira ndikukula bwino, ndibwino kukhala ndi zowunikira zabwino komanso kutentha pang'ono. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ochepa popewa kutambasula chomeracho. Zowongolera kukula zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito masiku aliwonse 7-14. Komabe, oyang'anira bwino kwambiri kukula ndi kuyatsa, kuthirira ndi kudyetsa.

Kodi mungasamalire bwanji moyenera?

Choyamba, ndikofunikira kupeza mbande, ndipo chifukwa cha izi muyenera kudziwa momwe mungasamalire:

1. Mukabzala mbewu, ziikeni pamalo otentha ndikuphimba ndi galasi kapena pulasitiki.
2. Yambitsaninso woyamba mphukira pafupi kuwala, musati kuchotsa filimu. Madzi momwe amauma.
3. Osadandaula.
4. Pambuyo pa masamba oyamba, sankhani (sungani tsamba lililonse mu chidebe chimodzi).
5. Manyowa kuchokera mwezi woyamba wamabande kukula.
6. Nyengo yotentha ikayamba, sungani mbande pamalo otseguka kapena mumphika.

Matenda wamba ndi tizirombo

Mafangayi

• Blackleg - gawo lazu la tsinde limakhala madzi, limachita mdima komanso limavunda. Kulimbana: osakhwima mbewu, osagwiritsa ntchito gawo lolemera kapena la acidic, madzi pang'ono, osalola feteleza wochulukirapo wa nayitrogeni. Chotsani mbande za matenda ndi gawo lina la gawo lozungulira iwo.
• Wowola wofiirira - mawanga ofiira owala, zidzolo zimawoneka pa zimayambira ndi masamba, omwe amakhala ndi pachimake chakuda. Njira zowongolera: pewani kufesa kowirira, kuthirira kwambiri, kutentha kwambiri, chotsani malo omwe awonongeka.
• Kuvunda koyera - mawonekedwe a mawanga onyowa ofiira, okutidwa ndi pachimake choyera. Mbali zomwe zakhudzidwa zimachepetsa ndikusanduka zoyera. Kukumba mwakuya ndi kuthira nthaka, kuchotsa kwakanthawi kwa ziwonongeko kumathandiza.
• Kuvunda konyowa - amakula ngati zowola zakuda. Mukamatuluka, perekani ndi mankhwala ndikuchotsa kuwonongeka.
• Malo abulawuni - mawonekedwe amtundu wofiirira pamasamba. Utsi wokonzekera munali mkuwa.
• Choipitsa cham'mbuyo - tsinde la tsinde limakula lofiirira ndikuwonongeka. Mukamamera mbande, pewani mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ndipo musalimbikitse mbewu.

Bakiteriya ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda

• Matenda a masamba - mapangidwe a mphukira zazifupi komanso zowirira pansi pa tsinde.
• Nkhaka Mosaic Virus - maluwa ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi mawanga oyera oyera kapena achikasu. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a fodya ndikuphwanya kukula kwachomera.
• Matenda a aspermia a phwetekere - Kukula kolakwika kwa maluwa.
• Fodya wa necrosis virus - mapangidwe a mabala obiriwira obiriwira pamasamba. Masamba amafa.

Chenjezo! Chithandizo cha matenda onse am'mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi ndikuchotsa msanga kwa matenda.

Tizirombo

• Aphid - kupopera mankhwala.
• Whitefly - kugwira ndi misampha ya chikasu.
• Thrips - kupopera mankhwala ndi mankhwala.
• Nkhono zazitsamba - kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala enieni.
• Slugs - sieving superphosphate pamwamba pa nthaka, kukonza ndi kukonzekera mankhwala.

Zoswana

Njira yayikulu ndi mbewu. Zocheka sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Kuti muchite izi, mchaka, timadula tating'onoting'ono totsika masentimita 10 mpaka 15 timadulidwa, masamba amachotsedwa ndikuikidwa pansi mozama masentimita 5. Nthaka imakhala yowuma nthawi zonse, kutentha kumakhala 20-25^zaKUCHOKERA.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo pakukula ndi kubereka kwa duwa:

1. Mbeu zosavomerezeka.
2. Kulephera kutsatira zomwe akusamalira.
3. Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya petunias amaphatikizidwa kutengera mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Ndipo pofotokozera chomera chimodzi, mutha kupeza mawonekedwe angapo nthawi imodzi okhudzana ndi mitundu ina. Mwachitsanzo, petunia ikhoza kukhala yaying'ono komanso yosalala. Ndipo ndendende kuphatikiza uku kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso mitundu yambiri yamitundu yomwe imatisangalatsa. Zina mwa zokongola kwambiri ndi Wave, Mkuntho Silver, Tidal, La Gioconda, Ramblin, Starry Sky ndi Opera.

Musaope zovuta zakusamalira wokongola petunia. Ingomvetserani ndikumusamalira mu chisamaliro chake kenako kukongola kumeneku kudzakhala mfumukazi m'munda mwanu kapena kunyumba.

Onerani kanemayo: Petunia Flower: How to grow from seeds and take care (July 2024).