Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya agave: Agave attenuata ndi ena am'banjamo
Agave ndi chomera chosatha chopanda chomwe chiri pachibale cha cacti ndi aloe (werengani apa momwe mungasiyanitsire agave ndi nkhadze ndi aloe). Mexico imawerengedwa kuti ndi komwe maluwawa amachokera, komanso amakula ku Caucasus, North America ndi Crimea. Agave adatchedwa dzina polemekeza mwana wamkazi wa mfumu yachi Greek yachi Greek ndipo amatanthauziridwa kuti - wolemekezeka, waulemerero, wokongola komanso woyenera kudabwitsidwa. Chomera cha agave chili ndi mitundu ndi mitundu yambiri, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi - mupeza mitundu ya maluwa aku Mexico ndi mitundu ina yambiri, onani zithunzi zawo.
Mitundu yazomera zamkati - mayina ndi zithunzi
Wachimereka (Agave americana)
Mtundu uwu uli ndi mavitamini ndi mchere wambiri. Chimawerengedwanso kuti ndi imodzi mwazithandizo zothandiza kwambiri pamankhwala achikhalidwe. Dziko lakwawo ndi Central America, koma linayambanso ku Russia, m'malo monga Black Sea gombe la Caucasus komanso pagombe lakumwera kwa Crimea.
American agave ndi chomera chokhala ndi tsinde lakuthwa, lofupikitsidwa komanso rosette yamasamba obiriwira obiriwira, kutalika kwake kumafika mamita 2. Masamba amatambasulidwa, pamwamba pake amapindika kukhala chubu chosongoka.
Chitsamba chachikulire cha mitunduyi m'lifupi chimatha kukula kuchokera pa 3 mpaka 4. Maluwa amapezeka pafupifupi zaka 6 - 15.
Pakadutsa maluwa, muvi wokwera (6-12 m) umakula kuchokera pakatikati pa rosette kumapeto kwake komwe maluwa ang'onoang'ono amawonekera.
Mitunduyi ili ndi ma subspecies angapo, omwe amasiyana ndi mtundu wa masamba:
- agave americana marginata - masamba ali ndi mbali zachikaso chowala;
- agave americana mediopicta - pali mzere wautali wachikasu pakati pa masamba.
Filifera
Agave filifera, kapena filamentous, imakula mu Mexico. Ndi chomera chaching'ono chokhala ndi masamba olimba, pomwe pamakhala ulusi wambiri wambiri, womwe umachokera ku dzina la mitunduyo.
Chomeracho ndi chitsamba chochepa kwambiri chokhala ndi masamba obiriwira. Ndi a lanceolate ndipo amakula kutalika kuchokera 15 mpaka 20 cm.
Pamwamba pa masamba amakhala ndi mawonekedwe akuthwa ndipo amakhala otuwa pakapita nthawi. Mitambo yoyera yoyera ili m'mphepete mwa masamba.
Pali ma subspecies angapo:
- agave filifera subsp. zojambula;
- agave filifera subsp. yaying'ono;
- agave filifera subsp. multifilifera;
- agave filifera subsp. @alirezatalischioriginal.
Mfumukazi Victoria (Victoria-reginae)
Ndi imodzi mwazinthu zokongola kwambiri m'banjali. Dziko lakwawo la mitunduyi ndi malo okwera amiyala a dziko la Mexico la Nuevo Leon. Chomerachi chidatchulidwa ndi wolamulira wachingerezi - Mfumukazi Victoria.
Mfumukazi Victoria Agave ndi tsamba loyera lokongola lokhala ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira. Ali ndi mawonekedwe okongola a lanceolate ndipo amakula mpaka 15 cm okha.
Mitunduyi imakhala ndi mitsempha pamwamba pake.
Mizere yoyera imayala pamasamba.
Sisal (Sisalana)
Sisal agave, kapena Sisal wophweka, amadziwika ndi masamba ake olimba akulu, omwe amapangira ulusi wotchedwa sisal, womwe umafunika pakupanga zingwe, maukonde, nsalu, ndi zina zambiri.
Chomeracho poyamba chimachokera kum'mwera kwa Mexico, ku Peninsula ya Yucatan. Zotsatira zake, chifukwa cha ulusi wolimba womwe udapezeka m'masambawo, wafalikira kumadera ambiri otentha komanso otentha. Koposa zonse zimalimidwa ku Brazil, popeza dzikoli ndilotsogola pakupanga ulusi wa sisal.
Mtundu uwu ndi rosette yayikulu yamasamba a xiphoid. Kutalika kwawo kungakhale mpaka 2.5 mita. Pali minga yambiri m'mphepete mwa masamba achichepere, omwe amatayika pakapita nthawi.
Sisera agate amamasula kamodzi kokha m'moyo.
Pakati pa maluwa, muvi wamaluwa wamtali umamera mwadzidzidzi, pomwe corymbose inflorescence yamaluwa obiriwira achikasu amapangidwa. Pambuyo maluwa, chomeracho chimamwalira.
Buluu Agave (Azul)
Mtundu uwu umatchedwanso tequila (agave tequilana) kapena agave waku Mexico, chifukwa amachokera ku agave wabuluu pomwe chakumwa chachikhalidwe ku Mexico - tequila - chimapangidwa.
Blue agave simakula ngati chomera chanyumba popeza imakula kokha m'malo ouma komanso achilengedwe. Amakhala m'maiko aku Mexico okha.
Agave wabuluu amakhala ndi masamba ataliatali obiriwira omwe ndi xiphoid. Pamwamba pake pamakhala yolimba komanso yolimba, ndipo masamba ake amadzaza ndi madzi mkati.
Mitundu ina yokhudza agave wabuluu imapezeka apa.
Vilmoriniana
Imodzi mwazinthu zachilendo kwambiri kuchokera kubanja la agave. Chomerachi chimatchedwa dzina la a Maurice de Vilmorin, yemwe anali katswiri wazomera ku France yemwe amachita nawo nkhalango ndi kupendekera. Maluwawa adapezeka koyamba m'chigawo cha Guadalajara. Amakula makamaka mdera lamapiri ku Mexico.
Mbali yaikulu ya mitunduyi ndi rosette yachilendo, mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi octopus. Masamba a duwa limeneli ndi aatali, ofanana ndi mawonekedwe, m'mbali mwake mumakhala ofooka pang'ono.
Chakumapeto, masambawo amayamba kugwedezeka komanso kupindika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewuyo izioneka ngati octopus wachisanu, yemwe wafalitsa zovuta zake.
Amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wabuluu, ndipo pamwamba pake pali mtundu wakuda wa mabulo.
Zosiyanasiyana za Viviparous (Vivipara)
Mtundu wofala kwambiri motero dzina lake limafanana mofananamo. Amakula ku Mexico, South Africa ndi Portugal.
Ndi chomera chosatha chomwe chimakula mpaka 80 cm kutalika komanso chimodzimodzi m'lifupi. Ili ndi rosette yozungulira, yokhala ndi masamba osongoka a mawonekedwe a xiphoid. Kutalika kwa masamba kumasiyana masentimita 4 mpaka 10, ndipo mthunzi wawo umakhala wobiriwira wobiriwira mpaka wobiriwira wowala.
Chinthu chapadera cha mitunduyi chimangowonekera pokha maluwa. Ili ndi imodzi mwamipanda yayikulu kwambiri, yomwe imatha kutalika mpaka 5 mita.
Pamwamba pake, inflorescence ambiri amapangidwa ndi maluwa akulu achikaso. Pali mitundu ingapo:
- agave vivipara var. vivipara;
- agave vivipara var. deweyana;
- agave vivipara var. dife;
- agave vivipara var. nivea;
- agave vivipara var. alireza.
Molunjika (Stricta)
Ndi mitundu yokongoletsera yochokera kubanja la agave. Dziko lakwawo ndi dziko la Mexico la Pueblo. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi masamba owoneka bwino kwambiri, omwe amatambasulidwa pang'ono m'munsi ndipo mwadzidzidzi amakhala ofanana, ndipo nsonga zawo siziloza posachedwa. Nthawi zina masamba amatha kupindika pang'ono.
The rosette ndi masamba ambiri komanso ozungulira. Ndikukula, chomerachi chimayamba kutuluka ndikukhala ma rosette ambiri. Peduncle ndi yayitali kwambiri ndipo imatha kutalika kwa mita 2.5.
Chaku Mexico
Chomera chokongoletsera chosatha chokhala ndi masamba oblimba obiriwira. Mawonekedwe a masambawo ndi xiphoid okhala ndi malo otsekemera, ndipo m'mbali mwake amakhala ndi m'mbali mwake. Ali ndi pamwamba pang'ono, ndi msana wochepa kumapeto. Pamwamba pa masamba pamadziwika ndi mawonekedwe achisoni. Agave waku Mexico ali ndi utoto wachikasu wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakutali.
Otayika (Deserti)
Amakhala m'malo am'chipululu komanso m'malo otsetsereka a California ndi Arizona. Chomerachi chimapanga rosette ya masamba obiriwira obiriwira, omwe kutalika kwake kumatha kufikira masentimita 20 mpaka 70. Minga yakuthwa imapezeka m'mphepete komanso kumapeto kwa masamba.
Imayamba kuphuka pakati pa zaka 20 mpaka 40, pambuyo pake chomeracho chimafa.
Peduncle mwadzidzidzi amaponyedwa kunja pakati pa malo ogulitsira ndikufika kutalika kwa 6 mita. Pamapeto pake pali inflorescence yokhala ndi maluwa ambiri achikaso ooneka ngati nyerere, omwe kutalika kwake sikuposa masentimita 6.
Pali ma subspecies awiri:
- Agave deserti var. deserti - imasiyanitsidwa ndi ma rosettes ambiri ndi chubu cha 3-5 mm perianth. Imakula kokha kukukula kwa Southern California.
- Agave deserti var. simplex - subspecies iyi imakhala ndi rosettes imodzi kapena zingapo komanso chubu cha pericolor kuyambira 5 mpaka 10 mm kutalika. Amalimidwa ku Arizona ndi Kumwera kwa California.
Parry (PA)
Ndi mitundu yapadera yokongoletsa yomwe imawoneka ngati yofanana ndi Parrasa agave. Amalimidwa m'malo amchenga amapiri kumwera kwa United States ndi Mexico. Ili ndi rosette yosasunthika, yokhala ndi masamba owoloka. Pamwamba pa masambawo amaloza ndi minga yaying'ono yakuda.
Kukula kwa chomera chachikulire cha mtundu uwu kumatha kufikira 1.5 m.
Mitundu yamitundu imakhala yobiriwira mpaka yobiriwira. Ma inflorescence amakula mpaka kutalika kwa 20 cm ndikupanga pafupifupi ngayaye 30 zokhala ndi maluwa owala ambiri.
Zojambula (Attenuata)
Woimira wosangalatsa wa banja la agave, lomwe limatha kukula ngakhale mkati mwa mphika wawung'ono. Dziko lakwawo ndi mzinda wa Jalisco, womwe uli m'boma la Mexico ku Guadalajara.
Mitunduyi imakhala ndi tsinde lopindika., wofanana ndi khosi la tsekwe, lomwe limakula mpaka kufika pafupifupi mita 1. Lili ndi masamba oterera, osalala osapitirira masentimita 60. Lili ndi utoto wonyezimira kuchokera ku imvi kufika ku utoto wobiriŵira wachikasu. Asanayambe maluwa, tsinde limawululidwa ndikuchotsa gawo lam'mwamba lamatchire. Inflorescence ndiyokwera kwambiri ndipo imatha kufikira 3 mita kutalika.
Mapeto
Mitundu ina ya agave ndiyabwino kusungira m'nyumba, bola ngati pali kuwala kambiri m'nyengo yozizira ndi chilimwe. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, chomerachi chidzakongoletsa mkati mwake ndipo chidzakondweretsa diso kwazaka zambiri.