Varanasi ku India - mzinda wamanda opsereza maliro

Varanasi, India ndi umodzi mwamizinda yodabwitsa kwambiri komanso yovuta kwambiri mdzikolo, pomwe Amwenye ambiri amwalira. Komabe, mwambo umenewu si chikugwirizana ndi chikhalidwe amazipanga kukongola kapena mankhwala abwino - Ahindu amakhulupirira kuti mtsinje Ganges adzawapulumutsa ku mavuto padziko lapansi.

Zina zambiri

Varanasi ndi umodzi mwamizinda yayikulu kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa India, komwe kumatchedwa likulu la maphunziro a Brahmin. Abuda, Ahindu ndi Ajaini amawona kuti ndi malo opatulika. Zikutanthauza kwa iwo monga Roma kwa Akatolika ndi Mecca kwa Asilamu.

Varanasi ili ndi malo a 1550 sq. Km, ndipo anthu ake ali pansi pa 1.5 miliyoni. Ndi umodzi mwamizinda yakale kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndipo mwina wakale kwambiri ku India. Dzinalo limachokera ku mitsinje iwiri - Varuna ndi Assi, yomwe imadutsa mu Ganges. Komanso nthawi zina Varanasi amatchedwa Avimuktaka, Brahma Vardha, Sudarshan ndi Ramya.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti Varanasi ndi amodzi mwa malo ofunikira kwambiri ku India. Chifukwa chake, yunivesite yokhayo mdziko muno ili pano, komwe maphunziro amaphunzitsidwa mchilankhulo cha chi Tibetan. Ndi Central University of Tibetan Study, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa pansi pa Jawaharlal Nehru.

Mizinda yayikulu kwambiri pafupi ndi Varanasi ndi Kanpur (370 km), Patna (300 km), Lucknow (290 km). Kolkata ili pamtunda wa makilomita 670 ndipo New Delhi ili pamtunda wa makilomita 820. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, Varanasi ili pafupifupi m'malire (malinga ndi miyezo yaku India). Kumalire ndi Nepal - 410 km, kupita ku Bangladesh - 750 km, kupita ku Tibet Autonomous Region - 910 km.

Zolemba zakale

Popeza Varanasi ndi umodzi mwamizinda yakale kwambiri padziko lapansi, mbiri yake ndi yokongola komanso yovuta. Malinga ndi nthano yakale, mulungu Shiva adakhazikitsa malo pamalo amzindawu, ndikupangitsa kuti akhale amodzi azipembedzo ku Eurasia.

Zambiri zolondola zakukhazikitsidwa zidayamba ku 3000 BC. - amatchulidwa m'malemba angapo achihindu ngati malo opangira mafakitale. Olemba mbiri yakale akuti pano adakulitsa silika, thonje, muslin. Anapanganso mafuta onunkhiritsa ndi ziboliboli pano. M'zaka chikwi choyamba BC. e. Varanasi adachezeredwa ndi apaulendo angapo omwe adalemba za mzindawu ngati "malo achipembedzo, asayansi komanso zaluso" ku Indian subcontinent.

M'gawo lachitatu loyamba la 18th, Varanasi adakhala likulu la ufumu wa Kashi, chifukwa chake mzindawu udayamba kukula mwachangu kwambiri kuposa midzi yoyandikana nayo. Mwachitsanzo, imodzi mwa mipanda yoyamba ku India ndi nyumba zachifumu zingapo komanso malo osungira paki adamangidwa kuno.

Chaka cha 1857 chimawerengedwa kuti ndichachisoni kwa Varanasi - mandawo adapandukira, ndipo aku Britain, akufuna kuletsa khamulo, adapha nzika zambiri zakomweko. Zotsatira zake, gawo lalikulu la anthu amzindawu adamwalira.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, mzindawu udakhala malo opembedzera okhulupirira mazana - amabwera kuno kuchokera konsekonse ku Asia kudzachita nawo zikondwerero zamderali ndikuyendera akachisi. Olemera ambiri amabwera ku Varanasi kudzafera mu "malo oyera". Izi zimabweretsa kuti pafupi ndi Ganges, usana ndi usiku, moto wamoto umawotchedwa momwe mitembo yambiri imawotchera (monga mwambo).

M'zaka za zana la 20 ndi koyambirira kwa 21, mzindawu ndi malo achipembedzo ofunikira, omwe amakopa okhulupirira ochokera konsekonse mdziko muno komanso asayansi omwe akufuna kuphunzira bwino zodabwitsazi.

Moyo wachipembedzo

Mu Chihindu, Varanasi amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwamalo opembedzera a Shiva, chifukwa, malinga ndi nthano, anali iye mu 5000 BC. adapanga mzinda. Mulinso m'mizinda ikuluikulu ya TOP-7 ya Abuda ndi a Jain. Komabe, Varanasi atha kutchedwa kuti mzinda wazipembedzo zinayi, chifukwa Asilamu ambiri amakhalanso kuno.

Ulendo wopita ku Varanasi ndiwotchuka kwambiri pakati pa Ahindu chifukwa mzindawu uli m'mphepete mwa Ganges, mtsinje wopatulika kwa iwo. Kuyambira ali mwana, Chihindu chilichonse chimafuna kubwera kuno kudzasamba, ndipo kumapeto kwa moyo wake kukawotchedwa pano. Kupatula apo, kumwalira kwachihindu chokha ndichimodzi mwamagawo obadwanso.

Popeza kuchuluka kwa amwendamnjira omwe amabwera kuno kudzafa ndizochepa, zopsereza maliro zikuyaka mumzinda wa Varanasi usana ndi usiku.

Malo owotcheramo anthu akufa

Sikuti aliyense angafe "molondola" ku Varanasi - kuti muwotchedwe ndikuloledwa kudzera ku Ganges, muyenera kulipira ndalama zokwanira, ndipo okhulupirira ambiri akhala akutolera ndalama zapaulendo kudziko lotsatira kwazaka zambiri.

Mzindawu uli ndi ma ghats 84 - awa ndi mtundu wa crematoria, momwe matupi 200 mpaka 400 amawotchedwa patsiku. Zina mwazo zimasiyidwa, pomwe zina zakhala zikuyaka kwazaka zambiri. Wotchuka kwambiri komanso wakale ndi Manikarnika Ghat, komwe kwazaka zikwi zingapo Amwenye athandizidwa kukwaniritsa dziko la Moksha. Njirayi ndi iyi:

1. Pamphepete mwa Ganges, nkhuni zimaphatikizidwa m'mipando ngakhale (zimaperekedwa kuchokera kutsidya lina la mtsinjewo, ndipo mitengo yake ndiyokwera kwambiri).

2. Moto wayatsidwa ndipo thupi la womwalirayo limaikidwa pamenepo. Izi ziyenera kuchitika pasanathe maola 6-7 mutamwalira. Nthawi zambiri thupi limakulungidwa ndi nsalu zoyera ndi zokongoletsa, zachikhalidwe cha mtundu womwe munthuyo amakhala, amavala.
3. Atangotsala fumbi limodzi la munthu, amaponyedwa ku Ganges. Mitembo yambiri siziwotcha kwathunthu (ngati nkhuni zakale zidagwiritsidwa ntchito), ndipo matupi awo amayandama m'mbali mwa mtsinje, zomwe, sizimavutitsa anthu am'deralo konse.

Mitengo ku Manikarnika Ghat

Ponena za mtengo wake, 1 kg ya nkhuni imawononga $ 1. Zimatengera makilogalamu 400 kuti uwotche mtembo, chifukwa chake, banja la womwalirayo limalipira $ 400, zomwe ndi ndalama zambiri kwa anthu aku India. Amwenye olemera nthawi zambiri amayatsa moto ndi sandalwood - 1 kg imagwiritsa ntchito madola 160.

"Maliro" okwera mtengo kwambiri anali ku maharaja am'deralo - mwana wawo wamwamuna adagula nkhuni kuchokera ku sandalwood, ndipo nthawi yoyaka adaponya topazi ndi miyala ya safiro pamoto, zomwe pambuyo pake zidapita kwa omwe amawotchera anthu.

Oyeretsa mitembo ndi anthu apansi. Amatsuka malo omwe amawotcheramo anthu ndikudutsamo phulusa. Zitha kuwoneka zachilendo, koma ntchito yawo yayikulu siyokonza konse - ayenera kupeza miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi zibangili zomwe achibale a akufa sangathe kuzichotsa kwa akufa. Pambuyo pake, zinthu zonse zamtengo wapatali zimagulitsidwa.

Ndikofunikira kuti alendo azidziwa kuti kujambula zithunzi za moto wamoto kwaulere sikugwira ntchito - "okhulupirira" amathamangira kwa inu ndikunena kuti awa ndi malo opatulika. Komabe, ngati mumalipira ndalama, ndiye kuti mutha kuzichita popanda zovuta. Funso lokhalo ndilo mtengo. Chifukwa chake, ogwira ntchito kuwotchera mitembo nthawi zonse amafunsa kuti ndinu ndani, mumagwira ntchito ndani, ndi zina zambiri. Izi zikuwunika mtengo womwe angafunse.

Kuti mupulumutse ndalama, ndibwino kuti mudzidziwitse kuti ndinu wophunzira - kwa sabata limodzi lowombera, muyenera kulipira pafupifupi $ 200. Mukamalipira mudzapatsidwa pepala, lomwe lidzafunika kuwonetsedwa ngati kuli kofunikira. Mitengo yokwera kwambiri ndiyokhazikitsidwa kwa atolankhani - tsiku limodzi loti liwomberedwe litha kukhala $ 2,000.

Mitundu ya crematoria

Mu Chihindu, monga mu Chikhristu, ndichizolowezi kuyika kudzipha komanso anthu omwe adamwalira mwachilengedwe mosiyana. Ku Varanasi kuli malo owotchera mitembo apadera a iwo omwe adamwalira okha.

Kuphatikiza pa "osankhika" omwe amawotchera mitembo, mzindawu uli ndi malo owotcheramo anthu, pomwe iwo omwe sanakwanitse kudziunjikira ndalama zokwanira amawotchedwa. Sizachilendo kuti munthu wochokera kubanja losauka atenge zotsalira za nkhuni pamoto woyaka kale m'mbali mwa gombe lonse. Mitembo ya anthu oterowo sidaotchedwa kwathunthu, ndipo mafupa awo amatsitsidwa ku Ganges.

Pazinthu ngati izi, pali oyeretsa mtembo. Amayendetsa bwato pamtsinje ndikusonkhanitsa matupi a omwe sanatenthedwe. Awa atha kukhala ana (simungathe kuwotcha osakwana zaka 13), amayi apakati ndi odwala khate.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, anthu omwe alumidwa ndi njoka yamoto nawonso sawotchedwa - anthu am'deralo amakhulupirira kuti samwalira, koma amangokhala pakomoka kwakanthawi. Matupi oterewa amaikidwa m'mabwato akuluakulu amtengo ndipo amatumizidwa kuti "asinkhesinkhe". Mbale zokhala ndi adilesi yakomwe akukhala ndi dzina zimaphatikizidwa ndi mitembo ya anthu, chifukwa atadzuka, amatha kuiwala za moyo wawo wakale.

Miyambo yonse yomwe ili pamwambayi ndiyachindunji, ndipo andale angapo aku India amavomereza kuti yakwana nthawi yoti asiye miyambo imeneyi. Ndizovuta kukhulupirira, koma zaka 50 zapitazo ku India zinali zoletsedwa mwalamulo kuwotcha akazi amasiye - m'mbuyomu, mkazi, yemwe amawotcha wamoyo, amayenera kupita kumoto ndi mwamuna wake wakufa.

Komabe, onse akumaloko ndi alendo amakayikira kwambiri kuti miyambo yotereyi singathetsedwe - ngakhale kubwera kwa Asilamu, kapena kuwonekera kwa Britain pachilumbachi sikungasinthe miyambo yazaka chikwi.

Momwe mzinda ukuwonekera kunja kwa "malo owotcherako anthu akufa"

Mbali ina ya Ganges ndi mudzi wamba momwe Amwenye wamba amakhala. M'madzi amtsinje wopatulika, amatsuka zovala, kuphika chakudya ndikukonda kusambira (alendo, ayi, sayenera kuchita izi). Moyo wawo wonse umalumikizidwa ndi madzi.

Gawo lamakono la mzinda wa Varanasi ku India ndi misewu yambiri yopapatiza (amatchedwa galis) ndi nyumba zokongola. Pali malo ogulitsa ambiri komanso malo ogulitsira m'malo ogona. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, mosiyana ndi Mumbai kapena Calcutta, kulibe malo ambiri okhala ndi zinyumba pano. Kuchuluka kwa anthu kulinso kutsika pano.

Malo amodzi odziwika kwambiri okhudzana ndi Chibuda ku Varanasi ndi Sarnath. Uwu ndi mtengo wawukulu, m'malo mwake, malinga ndi nthano, Buddha amalalikira.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, pafupifupi malo onse ndi misewu ya Varanasi amatchulidwa ndi mayina achipembedzo otchuka, kapena kutengera madera omwe amakhala kumeneko.

Varanasi ndi mzinda wa akachisi, chifukwa chake pano mupeza akachisi ambiri achihindu, Asilamu ndi Jain. Zofunika kuyendera:

1. Kashi Vishwanath kapena Kachisi Wagolide. Inamangidwa polemekeza mulungu Shiva, ndipo amawerengedwa kuti ndiwofunika kwambiri mzindawu. Kunja kuli kofanana ndi kovil m'mizinda ina yayikulu ku India. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti iyi ndiye kachisi wotetezedwa kwambiri ku India, ndipo simungalowemo popanda pasipoti.
2. Kachisi wa Annapurna woperekedwa kwa mulungu wamkazi wa dzina lomweli. Malinga ndi nthano, munthu yemwe amapita kumalo ano amakhala wokhuta nthawi zonse.
3. Durgakund kapena nyani kachisi. Imawonekera bwino motsutsana ndi zokopa zina za Varanasi ku India, chifukwa ili ndi makoma ofiira owala.
4. Alamgir Masjid ndiye mzikiti waukulu mzindawo.
5. Dhamek Stupa ndiye kachisi wamkulu wachi Buddha wa mzindawu, womangidwa patsamba la ulaliki wa Buddha.

Nyumba

Pali malo osankhika ambiri ku Varanasi - ma hotelo pafupifupi 400, ma hostel ndi nyumba zogona. Kwenikweni, mzindawu wagawika m'magawo 4 akulu:

1. Malo ozungulira malo owotchera moto oyang'ana Mtsinje wa Ganges. Chodabwitsa, koma ndi gawo ili lamzindawo lomwe likufunika kwambiri pakati pa alendo. Maonekedwe okongola a mtsinjewu amatseguka kuchokera pano, komabe, pazifukwa zomveka, pali fungo lenileni, ndipo ngati mungayang'ane pansi, chithunzi chochokera m'mawindo sichabwino kwambiri. Mitengo ndiyokwera kwambiri pano, ndipo ngati simukufuna kuwonera anthu akuyenda usana ndi usiku, ndibwino kuti musayime pano.
2. "Kumidzi" gawo la mzindawo kutsidya lina la Ganges. Pali ma hotelo ochepa pano, koma alendo ambiri amachenjeza kuti gawo ili la Varanasi likhoza kukhala lowopsa kwa alendo - sianthu onse am'deralo omwe amakonda alendo.
3. Gali kapena malo amisewu yopapatiza ndiye malo abwino kwambiri kwa iwo omwe akufuna kumva mzindawo, koma osafuna kuwonera moto wamtembo. Zambiri mwa zokopa zili pafupi, zomwe zimapangitsa malowa kukhala osangalatsa kwambiri alendo. Zoyipa zimaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso zipata zambiri zakuda.

4. Gawo lamakono la Varanasi ndiye lotetezeka kwambiri. Mahotela okwera mtengo kwambiri amapezeka pano, ndipo maofesi akulu ali pafupi. Mitengo ili pamwambapa.

Hotelo ya 3 * usiku umodzi kwa awiri okwera mtengo itenga madola 30-50. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti zipinda m'mahotela ambiri ndizabwino, ndipo pali chilichonse chomwe mungafune kuti mukhale mosangalala: zipinda zazikulu, zowongolera mpweya, bafa yabwinobwino ndi zida zonse zofunika mchipindacho. Palinso malo omwera pafupi ndi mahotela ambiri.

Ponena za nyumba zogona alendo, mitengo ndi yotsika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, usiku wa awiri munyengo yayikulu udzawononga $ 21-28. Nthawi zambiri, zipindazi ndizocheperako kuposa mahotela. Palibenso bafa ndi khitchini padera.

Chonde dziwani kuti Varanasi ndi malo otchuka kwambiri ndipo zipinda zama hotelo ziyenera kusungitsidwa miyezi 2-3 isanafike.

Momwe mungachokere ku Delhi

Delhi ndi Varanasi zidasiyanitsidwa ndi 820 km, zomwe zingagonjetsedwe ndi njira zotsatirazi.

Ndege

Imeneyi ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri, ndipo alendo ambiri amalangizidwa kuti azikonda, chifukwa mu kutentha kwa India, si aliyense amene angayende maola 10-11 pa basi kapena sitima yanthawi zonse.

Muyenera kutenga njanji yapansi panthaka ndikufika pa eyapoti ya Indira Gandhi International Airport. Kenako tengani ndege ndikupita ku Varanasi. Nthawi yoyendera ikhala ola 1 mphindi 20. Mtengo wapakati wamatikiti ndi 28-32 euros (kutengera nyengo ndi nthawi yaulendo).

Ndege zingapo zimauluka molowera mbali imodzi: IndiGo, SpiceJet, Air India ndi Vistara. Mitengo yawo yamatikiti ndiyofanana, chifukwa chake ndizomveka kupita patsamba lovomerezeka la ndege zonse.

Phunzitsani

Tengani sitima 12562 ku New Delhi Station ndikutsika ku Varanasi Jn stop. Nthawi yoyendera idzakhala maola 12, ndipo mtengo wake ndi ma 5-6 euros okha. Sitima zimathamanga kawiri patsiku.

Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ndizovuta kugula tikiti ya sitima, chifukwa amagulidwa ndi nzika zawo atangofika kuofesi yamabokosi. Simungagule pa intaneti. Ndikofunikanso kudziwa kuti sitima nthawi zambiri imachedwa kapena sifika konse, ndiye iyi si njira yodalirika yopita kwa alendo.

Basi

Muyenera kukwera pasiteshoni ya basi ya New Delhi ndikufika ku Lucknow station (chonyamulira - RedBus). Kumeneko mudzasintha basi kupita ku Varanasi ndikutsikira pa Varanasi stop (yoyendetsedwa ndi UPSRTC). Nthawi yoyendera - maola 10 + maola 7. Mtengo wake ndi pafupifupi ma euro 20 pa matikiti awiri. Mabasi amathamanga kawiri patsiku.

Mutha kusungitsa tikiti ndikutsatira zosintha pa tsamba lovomerezeka la RedBus chonyamulira: www.redbus.in

Mitengo yonse patsamba lino ndi ya Novembala 2019.

Yerekezerani mitengo ya malo ogwiritsira ntchito Fomu iyi

Zosangalatsa

1. Ahindu amakhulupirira kuti akamwalira ku Varanasi wopatulika, adzafika ku moksha - magulu apamwamba adzawathandiza kuzunzika ndikuwamasula ku moyo wosatha ndi imfa.
2. Ngati mukufuna kujambula zithunzi zokongola za mzinda wa Varanasi, pitani kumtunda nthawi ya 5-6 m'mawa - nthawi ino, utsi wamoto sunakhale wamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo kuwala pang'ono kumbuyo kwa dzuwa lomwe likutuluka kumawoneka kokongola modabwitsa.
3. Varanasi amadziwika kuti ndi malo obadwira "silika wa Benares" - ndi nsalu imodzi yokwera mtengo kwambiri yomwe imapezeka ku India kokha. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma saree omwe amatha ndalama zambiri.

4. Varanasi imakhala nyengo yotentha yozizira kwambiri ndipo imakhala yotentha nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Miyezi yoyenera kwambiri kukaona mzindawu ndi Disembala-Febuluwale. Pakadali pano, kutentha sikukwera kuposa 21-22 ° C.
5. Osati Amwenye okha omwe amabwera ku Varanasi kudzafa - Achimereka ndi azungu nthawi zambiri amakhala alendo.
6. Varanasi ndi komwe Patanjali adabadwira, bambo yemwe adalemba galamala yaku India ndi Ayurveda.

Varanasi, India ndi umodzi mwamizinda yosazolowereka padziko lapansi, zomwe amakonda sizingapezeke kwina kulikonse.

Bizinesi yotentha ndi moto ku Varanasi:

Onerani kanemayo: गदलय क नय अवतर GODOWLIA NEW LOOK. VARANASI STREET RENOVATION WORK. SMART CITY PROJECT KASHI (July 2024).