Evora, Portugal - mzinda wowonera zakale
Evora (Portugal) akuphatikizidwa moyenera pamndandanda wamizinda yokongola kwambiri mdzikolo. Kuyenda kupyola pakati pake kudzakufikitsani kumtunda wakale, ndikukuphimbirani m'malo osintha mwachangu. Zomangamanga za mzindawu zidatengera chikhalidwe cha Aamori ndi Aroma. Chaka chilichonse, alendo zikwi mazana ambiri amabwera ku Evora kudzamwa vinyo wabwino kwambiri ndi kulawa tchizi ndi maswiti akumaloko. Nzika zimatcha Évora likulu lauzimu ku Portugal.
Chithunzi: Evora, Portugal
Zina zambiri
Mzindawu uli bwino pakatikati pa Portugal m'chigawo cha Alentejo, umakhala anthu opitilira 41 zikwi. Evora ndiye likulu la boma ndi matauni omwe ali ndi mayina ofanana. Makilomita 110 okha kuchokera ku likulu la dzikoli, kuli malo ochititsa chidwi a minda ya azitona, minda yamphesa ndi madambo. Mumapezeka kuti muli mumisewu yochepetsetsa, yendani pakati pa nyumba zakale, ndikusilira akasupe. Evora amadziwika kuti ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale mumzinda, pomwe mwala uliwonse umasunga mbiri yake yochititsa chidwi.
Zolemba zakale
Kukhazikikaku kunakhazikitsidwa ndi anthu aku Lusitania, dzina lake loyamba linali Ebora. Poyambirira, mzindawu ndimomwe ankakhala wamkulu wa oyang'anira Sertorius. Kuchokera m'zaka za zana lachisanu AD pano mabishopu akhazikika.
Mu 712 mzindawu unkalamulidwa ndi a Moor, amatcha malowa Zhabura. Kuti abwezeretse Evora, mfumu yaku Portugal idakhazikitsa Aviz Order of Knights, ndiye yemwe adakhazikika mumzinda pomwe a Moor adathamangitsidwa.
M'zaka za zana la 15 ndi 16, Évora anali pampando wabanja lachifumu lolamulira. Nthawi imeneyi imatchedwa m'badwo wagolide. Kenako idalandidwa ndi aku Spain, pambuyo pake mzindawu udataya tanthauzo lake lakale. Chochitika chachikulu m'zaka za zana la 19 ndikudzipereka kwathunthu kwa amfumu Miguel komanso kutha kwa mikangano yapachiweniweni.
Zomwe muyenera kuwona
Mbiri Yakale
Evora ndi mzinda wosungiramo zinthu zakale wokhala ndi malo okhalamo odabwitsa, omwe adamangidwa kuyambira zaka za zana la 15 mpaka 18, nyumba zakale zokongoletsedwa ndi matailosi, zopangira. Zomangamanga zakale zapaderazi zimamveka bwino kwambiri pakatikati pa mzindawu, womwe umaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wa UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Ku Évora, modabwitsa, kwazaka masauzande angapo, idasungabe mawonekedwe osangalatsa omwe adapangidwa ndi zikhalidwe zambiri. Nyumba zatsopano zikumangidwa m'njira yoti zisasokoneze cholowa cha mbiri yakale choperekedwa ndi Aroma, Moor, Lusitania.
Zambiri zokopa za Evora zimasonkhanitsidwa pakatikati pa mzindawu. Mndandanda wazofunikira kwambiri umaphatikizapo Se Cathedral, nyumba zachifumu za Vasco da Gama ndi mfumu Manuel, Kachisi wa Diana, matchalitchi, ma chapel. Zipilala zonse zakale zasungidwa bwino.
Pali basi yochokera ku Sete Rios Station likulu la Portugal kupita pakati pa Evora. Muthanso kubwera pagalimoto, kutsatira mseu waukulu wa A2, ndiye muyenera kutembenukira pamsewu wa A 6 ndi A 114.
Mafupa Chapel Auma
Chokopa china chowala komanso chowopsa pang'ono ku Evora (Portugal) ndi Chapel of Bones, yomwe ndi gawo la zovuta za Kachisi wa St. Francis. Mkati mwa kachisiyu muli mafupa ndi zigaza za amonke 5,000.
Nyumbayi ikuyimira imfa yomwe ili pafupi ndipo idamangidwa pambuyo pa miliri yoopsa komanso zochitika zankhondo zomwe zidapha anthu masauzande ambiri. Chipilala cha chapelachi chidalembedwa kuti: mafupa athu apumula pano, tikuyembekezera yanu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti! Kuti mafupa akhale oyera, amathandizidwa ndi laimu. Mafupa olumalawo adathyoledwa ndikuphatikizidwa ndi simenti.
Tchalitchichi chili pa: Praca 1º de Maio, 7000-650 São Pedro, vora.
Se Cathedral
Ntchito yomanga kachisiyu idayamba koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 12, ndipo idamalizidwa mu 1250 kokha. Tchalitchichi chimakongoletsedwa kalembedwe ka Romano-Gothic ndipo chimadziwika kuti ndi tchalitchi chachikulu kwambiri komanso chachikulu kwambiri m'zaka zamakedzana ku Portugal. Imakhala ndi chiwalo chakale kwambiri chogwiritsira ntchito Chipwitikizi, chotoleredwa m'zaka za zana la 16th. Mkati mwa tchalitchi chachikulu mumakongoletsedwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma marble.
Kunja, kachisiyu akukongoletsedwa ndi nsanja ziwiri ndi ziboliboli. Mmodzi mwa iwo muli nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale zachipembedzo, momwe zovala za atsogoleri achipembedzo, zinthu zawo zapakhomo ndi ziwiya za tchalitchi zimawonetsedwa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti! Vasco da Gama anabwera kuno kudalitsa pamene anali paulendo wotchuka ku India. Zombo ndi zikwangwani zidapatulidwa pakachisi.
Cathedral ili pa: vora, Portugal.
Cromlech Almendrish
Imadziwika kuti ndi yayikulu kwambiri ku Perinean Peninsula ndipo ndi imodzi mwazikulu kwambiri ku Europe. Cromlech ili ndi miyala pafupifupi 100, malinga ndi olemba mbiri ndi akatswiri ofukula zakale, idapangidwa mzaka za 5-6 BC. Malowa ndi akale ndipo mkati mwa kukhalapo kwake miyala ina idatayika. Malinga ndi mtundu wina, cromlech inali kachisi wa dzuwa.
Zojambula zosema zidapezeka pamiyala 10 (menhirs). Kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa malowa kuli mwala umodzi wamtunda wa 2,5 mita. Olemba mbiri yakale sanagwirizanepo tanthauzo lake. Ena amakhulupirira kuti menhir ndi cholozera, malinga ndi mtundu wina, pali malo ena okhala m'malo ena.
Pali malo oimikapo magalimoto pafupi ndi cromlech. Ndi bwino kubwera madzulo ndikusankha nyengo yabwino, chifukwa mumvula msewu mdzikomo umatsukidwa. Kupeza njira yanu ndikosavuta - pali zikwangwani panjira. Palibe zambiri pa intaneti, koma ndemanga za alendo ndizofanana - malo omwe amalodza ndi osangalatsa, simukufuna kuchoka pano.
Adilesi ya Cromlech: Recinto Megalitico dos Almendres, pafupi ndi Nossa Senhora de Guadalupe, 15 km kuchokera ku tawuni ya Evora.
Khoma lakhoma la Fernandin
Yomangidwa m'zaka za zana la 14. Kwa Middle Ages, nyumbayi idawonedwa ngati yayikulu, koma lero alendo amangoyendera zidutswa za khoma lachifumu. Ntchito yomanga idayamba mu 1336 malinga ndi lingaliro la mfumu Alphonse I. Khomalo lidalowa m'malo mwa khoma lakale, lomwe silinathenso kuteteza mzinda, womwe umakula. Ntchito yomangayi idatha zaka 40 kuyambira pomwe idayamba nthawi ya ulamuliro wa mfumu Ferdinand, ndipo nyumbayi idamupatsa dzina.
Kutalika kwa makoma a chikhomo kumakhala pafupifupi mita 7, koma malinga ndi magwero ena - mamita 9, makulidwe awo ndi mamita 2.2. Khomalo lili ndi zipata 17 zopangidwa ndi miyala ndi zitsulo. Kutalika kwa kapangidwe kake kudafika 3.4 km. Kuti akhale odalirika komanso olimba, khoma limathandizidwa ndi nsanja, panali pafupifupi 30.
Zosangalatsa kudziwa! M'zaka za zana la 18, kufunika koteteza mzindawo kunazimiririka, motero makomawo adawonongedwa pang'ono kukulitsa misewu. Zotsalira zomwe zidapangidwa ku Évora zikuphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazipilala zaku Portugal.
Pakati pa Giraldo Square
Malo owoneka bwino achi Portuguese omwe adapangidwa kale. Anthu akomweko komanso alendo amakonda kuyenda apa. Pali kasupe pakatikati pa bwaloli, mitsinje isanu ndi itatu yomwe ikuyimira misewu isanu ndi itatu yoyandikana nayo. Kasupeyo adamangidwa mu 1571 wa miyala ya mabulo ndipo anali ndi korona wamkuwa. Pali malo ambiri pabwalo pomwe mungadyeko chakudya chokoma ndikusilira kukongola kwanuko.
Zolemba! Zakale za malowa ndizomvetsa chisoni komanso zowopsa pang'ono. Poyamba, kuphedwa kunkachitika apa. Kwa zaka mazana awiri, zilango zankhanza za Bwalo la Inquisition zidachitika pano. Anthu opitilira 20 zikwi anaphedwa pabwalopo.
Bwaloli lili mkatikati mwa mzindawu. Ndikofunika kubwera kuno kuti mudzayende pamatailosi okongoletsedwa, kumwa kapu ya khofi wonunkhira, ndikusangalala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Kumpoto kwa bwaloli kuli kachisi wa Santo Antau, womangidwa m'zaka za zana la 16, kumwera kuli banki. Zochitika zosangalatsa nthawi zonse zimachitikira pabwaloli - pamakhala msika wopereka zachifundo, mtengo wa Khrisimasi umakhazikitsidwa pa Khrisimasi. Madzulo, bwaloli limakhala lamatsenga makamaka - miyala yamitundu yambiri yodzaza ndi kuwala kwa mwezi imapangitsa chidwi.
Mpingo wa St. Francis
Tchalitchi chomwe chimachezeredwa kwambiri mumzindawu chili m'ndandanda wa UNESCO World Heritage. Ntchito yomanga kachisiyo idatenga zaka makumi atatu - kuyambira 1480 mpaka 1510. Poyamba, panali kachisi womangidwa m'zaka za zana la 12 ndi Order of the Franciscans. M'zaka za zana la 15, tchalitchicho chinamangidwanso - kapangidwe kake kamapangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a mtanda ndikukongoletsedwa m'njira ya Gothic. Kachisi, tchalitchi adamangidwa oimira banja lachifumu, chifukwa nthawi zambiri anthu olemekezeka amabwera kuno.
Zindikirani! Khomo limakongoletsedwa ndi chosema cha vuwo - ichi ndiye chizindikiro cha Monarch João II.
Ntchito yomanga ya kachisiyu imapezera akachisi 10, mosakayikira yotchuka kwambiri ndi tchalitchi cha mafupa. Guwa limayikidwa mchipinda chilichonse. Guwa lalikulu la marble linamangidwa m'zaka za zana la 18th. Mkati mwake, tchalitchichi chikuwoneka ngati chapamwamba - chimakongoletsedwa ndi ma stucco, zojambula ndi chiwembu cha m'Baibulo, matailosi. Komanso mkachisi muli limba lomwe lidayikidwa m'zaka za zana la 18th ndikukongoletsa kalembedwe ka Baroque.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 19, kachisi adasandulika ndipo mpaka koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20, khothi lamzindawu lidagwira ntchitoyi. Ntchito yomanga yayikulu kwambiri idachitika zaka zingapo zapitazo, idapatsidwa mayuro opitilira 4 miliyoni. Kachisiyu ali ndi malo owonetsera zakale, momwemo muli mndandanda wazinthu zambiri zokometsera zachipembedzo. Tchalitchichi chimakhala ndi chionetsero chokhala ndi zithunzi zikwi 2.6 za Banja Lopatulika ndi zochitika zakubadwa zochokera m'maiko osiyanasiyana.
Yunivesite ya oravora
Pa nthawi yomwe mzinda wa Evora ku Portugal umalemekezedwa ndi mafumu, yunivesite idatsegulidwa pano, komwe akatswiri am'deralo komanso aku Europe amaphunzitsidwa. Makhalidwe ambiri achilengedwe adathamangira kuno kuti akalimbikitsidwe.
Mu 1756, yunivesite idatsekedwa chifukwa woyambitsa, a Jesuit, adathamangitsidwa mdziko muno. Izi zidachitika chifukwa chakusamvana pakati pa a Marquis de Pomballe ndi nthumwi za lamuloli, omwe adagawa magawo achitetezo osati ku oravora kokha, komanso ku Portugal konse. Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, yunivesite idayambanso ntchito zake.
Adilesi ya University: Largo dos Colegiais 2, 7004-516 É vora.
Momwe mungafikire kumeneko
Evora imatha kufikiridwa kuchokera ku Lisbon m'njira zinayi.
Yerekezerani mitengo ya malo ogwiritsira ntchito Fomu iyi
Pa sitima
Ulendowu umatenga pafupifupi maola 1.5, matikiti amachokera ku 9 mpaka 18 euros. Sitima zimachoka kangapo patsiku kuchokera pa siteshoni ya Entrecampos. Sitima zaku Portugal Railways (CP) zimathamangira ku Evora.
Pa basi
Ulendowu umatenga ola limodzi la mphindi 45, mtengo wa tikiti yonse ndi 11.90 €, kuchotsera kumaperekedwa kwa ophunzira, ana ndi okalamba. Ndege zimachoka mphindi 15-60 zilizonse. Mabasi a Rede Expressos amathamangira ku Evora kuchokera pa malo oyimilira a Lisboa Sete Rios.
Mutha kuwona ndandanda wapano ndikugula matikiti patsamba lonyamula la www.rede-expressos.pt.
Taxi
Mutha kuyitanitsa kuchoka pa eyapoti kapena hotelo ku Lisbon. Mtengo wa ulendowu ukuyambira 85 mpaka 110 euros.
Ndi galimoto
Ulendowu umatenga maola 1.5. Mtunda pakati pa likulu ndi Evora ungopitilira 134 km. Mufunika malita 11 a mafuta (kuyambira ma 18 mpaka 27 mayuro).
Pezani Mitengo kapena sungani malo alionse ogwiritsira ntchito fomu iyi
Evora (Portugal), mzinda wakale wothandizidwa ndi anthu achi Moor, adakumana ndi zaka zambiri pomwe maukwati achifumu amachitika kuno. Evora ndiye likulu la zaluso, uzimu, ambuye odziwika ku Portugal, Spain ndi Holland adagwira pano. Kuti mumve bwino za mzindawu, muyenera kuyenda m'misewu, kupita ku malo ogulitsira zinthu kuti mukayendere malo omwe ali ndi nkhani zambiri zosangalatsa.