Makhalidwe a mipando ya kalembedwe ka Empire, mawonekedwe osankhidwa

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Ufumu potanthauzira amatanthauza "ufumu" kapena "kalembedwe kaufumu", womwe umadziwika bwino. Kupatula apo, cholinga cha kulengedwa kwake ndikuwonetsa ukulu wa mfumu, chuma, mphamvu zake, mphamvu yankhondo, mphamvu. Izi zitha kuphatikizidwa ndi Napoleon yemwe komanso wolimbikitsayo - Roma wakale. Gawo lalikulu la zokongoletserazo ndi mipando ya kalembedwe ka Empire, yomwe imawoneka yokongola komanso yotamandika.

Kodi kalembedwe ndi chiyani

Mtundu wa Ufumu udayambika ku France mzaka za zana la 18, koma osati mwangozi, koma mwadala. Ndicho chifukwa chake chinthu choyamba chomwe chimadziwika kuti: kulingalira mkati, kupindulitsa, kutonthoza mipando, komanso kuwonjezera pa zonse - kumaliza kokongola, komwe kukuyimira kukula kwa boma motsogozedwa ndi Napoleon. Nthawi yomweyo, zapamwamba komanso chuma zikuwonetsedwa.

Ku France, kalembedwe kameneka kanali kotchuka kwa zaka pafupifupi 30, ndipo ku Russia "kanazika mizu" kwa nthawi yayitali - mawonekedwe ake anali othandiza ngakhale munthawi ya Stalin.

Makhalidwe omwe amapezeka mu mipando yotere ndi awa:

zida zodula zachilengedwe, ndikupangira chipinda chimodzi amayesera kugwiritsa ntchito mipando yamtundu womwewo. Awa ndi marble, mahogany, mtedza, silika, veleveti, mkuwa;
Kusinthana, dongosolo la zinthu ndi njira zamakonzedwe amipando zimawonetsedwa munthawi yazithunzi kapena zozungulira. Chipinda nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi zinthu kuchokera mipando imodzi - mipando ingapo, mipando ingapo;
kukongola kwapadera - mitundu yayikulu, kusowa kwazokongoletsa kopanda tanthauzo, malo osemedwa oganiza bwino zimapangitsa kuti mukhale ndi zipinda zamkati momwe mungakumanirane ndi alendo achikulire kwambiri komanso okondedwa, ndikuwapatsa chidwi;
Zokongoletsa pazinthu zimaimiridwa ndi maluwa, maluwa, mawonekedwe ake, zithunzi za mutu wa mkango, chiwombankhanga, ndi zolengedwa zakale zopeka. Nthawi zambiri, zojambula, zokongoletsera zimaimira kupambana pankhondo, mphamvu;
magalasi ambiri, makamaka akulu, adapangidwa kuti azisonyeza mobwerezabwereza zamkati, kupititsa patsogolo malo;
zokongoletsa zambiri zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zamkuwa ndi zokutidwa;
chikhalidwe chachikale cha Roma Wakale, Greece, Egypt chidawonetsedwa muzinthu monga bedi lachiroma, zipilala, chimanga.

Nthawi yomweyo, payenera kukhala mipando yambiri, zokongoletsera ndi zinthu zokutidwa: adakongoletsa zinthu zazikulu, komanso makoma, kudenga, chimanga.

Mitundu

Popeza komwe kudabadwira kalembedwe ka Ufumu ndi France, kupititsa patsogolo kwake kunayambira pamenepo. Ku Russia zinali zapamwamba kuchita chilichonse mchifalansa, chifukwa chake malangizowo adazindikira msanga boma ndi zipinda zachifumu. Komabe, pano kalembedwe kachifumu mu mipando siyikutsatiridwa "mwa mawonekedwe ake oyera", koma amasintha zina, zomwe zidalungamitsidwa ndi kukoma kwa olemekezeka aku Russia. Tsopano mwachizoloŵezi kusiyanitsa madera akuluakulu awiri: French ndi Russian. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pawo: zotupa ndi zapamwamba - munjira yoyambirira, kuphweka ndi kufewa - m'chiwiri. Kuphatikiza apo, titha kuwunikira padera chitukuko chake muulamuliro wa Stalin.

Chifalansa

Popeza kalembedwe ka Ufumuwu kamadziwika bwino ndi Napoleon, mphamvu zake zimawonekera pakuwonekera kwa mipando. Ndizosangalatsa, zodzikongoletsa, zokongoletsa zambiri, zopitilira muyeso, ngakhale zisudzo. Kufuna mphamvu kumawonekera pazolinga zingapo zomwe zimakongoletsa mipandoyo, pomwe mutu wankhondo umatsatiridwa momveka bwino: ma piki, malupanga, nkhata za laurel. Zojambula zambiri zidalembedwa ndi kalata N. Mipando yonse idakonzedwa bwino mosiyanasiyana, awiriawiri.

Ufumu waku Russia

Njira yosiyana ndi kalembedwe ka Ufumu waku Russia, womwe, mosiyana ndi waku France, wataya mitundu ina "yokongola", wayimitsa kwambiri. Zipangizozi zasintha: kuwonjezera pa mahogany, birch wovekedwa ndi nsalu zidayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pano, zomwe zidawonjezera chitonthozo kunyumba. Nthawi yomweyo, mawonekedwe achikale, zinthu zakale zaku Roma zasungidwa.

Kusiyana kumeneku kudafotokozedwa ndi chiletso chachifumu chololeza kulowetsa katundu waku France kuderalo, kuphatikiza mipando. Chifukwa chake kunalibe zolemba zoyambirira, zojambula zokha ndi zojambula, pamaziko amitundu yatsopano yomwe idapangidwa.

Mwachizolowezi, njira imodzi yodziwika imasiyanitsidwa, yotchedwa kalembedwe ka "Folk", pomwe mawonekedwe ena amtundu wotchuka m'mizinda yayikulu komanso nyumba zolemera adawonetsedwa. Amadziwika ndi zinthu zotsika mtengo, ndipo zokutira zokongoletsera nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi utoto papier-mâché.

Mipando ya kalembedwe ka Ufumu waku Russia inali yosunthika, mawonekedwe ake adadalira kwambiri chuma cha mwini wake. Mwachitsanzo, mkati mwa zipinda zachifumu munali zinthu za mitengo yotsika mtengo kwambiri komanso mitundu yamatabwa yokhala ndi zokongoletsa zokongola, zolemera. Mipando yanyumba idapangidwa molingana ndi zitsanzo zanyumba yachifumu, koma kuchokera kuzinthu zopezeka mosavuta. Kuphatikiza apo, zomwe banja limakonda zidaganiziridwa, zomwe zidasiya chizindikiro chomaliza.

Stalin's

Mtundu wa Stalinist Empire ndi wapadera, wosiyana ndi mtundu wakale, malangizo. Munali malingaliro angapo nthawi imodzi, makamaka, zaluso zakale zaku Roma komanso chitukuko cha USSR. Zotsatira zake, mkatikati mwa Stalinist amasiyanitsidwa ndi kuuma kwake, kukula kwake ndi kukula kwake kwa zinthu zomwe zimaphatikizidwa mosavuta ndi kupangira kwa stucco, chandeliers cha krustalo, chovala cha velvet, ndi zambiri zosemedwa. Pachifukwa ichi, pulogalamu ina idagwiritsidwa ntchito: wobiriwira, bulauni, beige, wakuda. Mipando yamtundu wa "Stalinist Empire" idadziwika kwambiri mzaka za 30-50 za m'ma XX.

Ndikosavuta kubweretsanso kalembedwe ka Ufumu mkatikati amakono, ndipo izi ndizotheka kutchuka. Koma tsopano akuyesera kusokoneza mawonekedwe okongola ndikupanga kukhala abwinoko. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani zipinda zazikulu zokhala ndi denga lokwanira, pomwe mipando yokwanira sidzawunjikika. Zojambulajambula ndi mapilo ambiri ndizofunikira. Zipangizo zodula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga: mtedza, mahogany, brocade, velvet, silika wa zokongoletsera. Mtengo nthawi zambiri umakhala wolimba, wokongoletsedwa ndi zokongoletsa zokongola komanso zinthu zokutidwa.

Zipangizo zamakono

Zipangizo zamayendedwe osiyanasiyana amipando yamafumu a Ufumu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana, koma zimakhala ndi zofanana - mwachilengedwe komanso mtengo wokwera. Amapangidwa makamaka kuti atsimikizire malo ndi ukulu wa mwini nyumbayo, kuti asangalatse alendo. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, mahogany ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ku France, ndipo marble, bronze, golide, siliva, ndi kristalo ankagwiritsidwa ntchito mokongoletsa mipando.

Ku Russia, kalembedwe ka Ufumu sikadayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamabaibulo ake, koma adalandira "kwaulere". Mahogany adasinthidwa pomwepo ndi phulusa, popula, komanso mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa Karelian birch. Ma tebulowa anali okongoletsedwa ndi miyala yochokera m'miyala yokongoletsera yomwe imabwera kuchokera ku Urals: malachite, lapis lazuli. M'malo mwazinthu zamkuwa, zidutswa zamatabwa zokongoletsedwa ndi kupangira zidagwiritsidwa ntchito. Crystal imawonekeranso muulamuliro waku Russia.

Zomwezo ndizomaliza. Mwachitsanzo, lingaliro logwiritsa ntchito matabwa opaka utoto woyera ndi zinthu zokutidwa ndi la amisiri aku Russia. Zipangizo zopangira zovala ndizosiyana: ya ku France inali yofanana kwambiri kapena yokhala ndi nkhata ya laurel, pomwe ku Russia zida zamitundu yambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, nthawi zina ndi nsalu. Komabe, brocade, silika, zikopa, velor ndi silika wachilengedwe anali zida zomaliza zomaliza.

Kagwiritsidwe ntchito mkati

Ngati mungapeze njira yoyenera kukongoletsa mchipindacho, ndiye kuti mipando yokongola ya Ufumu iphatikizidwa bwino ndi kapangidwe kamakono ndi zokongoletsa. Izi ndichifukwa chakukula kwake, kuchuluka kwa zinthu ndi zokongoletsa zolemera, komanso kuwunika koyenera. Chimodzi mwazofunikira zazikulu za zinthu zotere mchipindacho ndi malo ndi kudenga. Kwa zipinda zazing'ono komanso zachisoni, ndi bwino kufunafuna yankho lina.

Mukamakonza mipando, ndikofunikira kutsatira mfundo za mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena a centric, zomwe zikutanthauza kuwunikira pakatikati pa chipinda kapena mkatikati mwanjira ina. Pachifukwa ichi, kujambula pansi mkatikati kungagwiritsidwe ntchito, komwe muyenera kumangako popanga lingaliro, kapena, tebulo lalikulu lodyera.

Kumaliza ndi zokongoletsa ziyenera kukhala zofananira. Ndikofunikanso kusankha chinthu china: mwachitsanzo, velvet yopangira mipando ndi masofa, mipando ndi kusoka makatani omwe ali mchipinda chimodzi. Zida ndizofunikira - ndizabwino ngati zigwiriro za zitseko, ma dressers, mawotchi, nyali ndi zinthu zina zimasindikizidwa chimodzimodzi, mwachitsanzo, mkuwa.

Mtundu wa utoto uyenera kukhala wolemera, koma osati wowala komanso wowala kwambiri. Oyera, magenta, obiriwira mdima, mitundu yakuda buluu ndiolandilidwa, yomwe imayenda bwino ndikutha kwa golide kwa zinthu. Uwu ndi ulemerero weniweni wachifumu.

Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti mumalo oterewa simumakhala omasuka nthawi zonse, koma mawonekedwe a Empire amatha kukhala "ofewa" mosavuta. Pali mipando yambiri pamsika, kuphatikiza mipando yolumikizidwa, yomwe idapangidwa kuti ikhale yamoyo wonse, osati yolandirira modzipereka. Mtunduwu umakhalanso ndi zinthu zapamwamba, zokonda zakale, koma osati modzikongoletsa.

Ndi iti yomwe ili bwino kusankha

Seti yazinthu zamkati zimakhalabe zofananira, koma mapangidwe atsopano, omwe sanagwiritsidwe ntchito kale amagwiritsidwa ntchito: trellis, ziwonetsero zopapatiza, mabwalo ammbali. Mipando yotchuka kwambiri ya kalembedwe ka Ufumu ikhoza kutchedwa:

masofa ndi mphasa zokhala ndi mipando yayikulu, nsana wotsika, wokutidwa ndi nsalu zokwera mtengo: zikopa, brocade kapena silika. Chojambulacho chimatha kupangidwa ndi chitsulo, monga bronze, kapena matabwa achilengedwe. Mbali zamatabwa nthawi zambiri zimakongoletsedwa ndi zojambula. Miyendo yopangidwa ngati nyama kapena mawoko ake imatha kukhala chinthu chosangalatsa. Mapilo ang'onoang'ono ambiri ndiyofunika;
mipando yayikulu kwambiri yokhala ndi nsana wotsika imatha kukongoletsedwa ndi zipupa zam'mbali zosonyeza ma griffins achikale ndi swans. Mipando nthawi zonse imakhala yofewa komanso yokwera nsalu zodula;
mipando yowoneka bwino imafanana ndi mipando - yotakata komanso yotsika. Chifukwa cha kukongoletsa kwawo kokongola komanso zokongoletsa, nthawi zambiri amawoneka ngati mpando wachifumu wachifumu. Ottoman yaying'ono yamiyendo imatha kuthandizira kumutu;
makabati ndiosangalatsa kwambiri kukula kwake - mulifupi mwake ndi masentimita 130, ndipo amapangidwa ndi nkhalango zolimba zokwera mtengo. Galasi, zokongoletsa, zokongoletsa zokongola zamkuwa zidakhala zokongoletsa pafupipafupi. Kupanga kumatha kutchedwa kabati yowonetsera kuseri kwa galasi, pomwe zinthu zamtengo wapatali kapena mbale zokongola zidawonetsedwa. Poterepa, mashelufu amapangidwa ndi magalasi;
magome - ozungulira kapena amakona anayi, akulu kapena ang'ono, kutengera ntchito ya mipando. Miyendo nthawi zambiri imakhala yopindika, yokhala ndi ma curve okongola. Ngati tebulo ndilaling'ono, ndiye kuti mwendo umodzi wokha umapangidwira. Zinthu zopangira sizingokhala matabwa okha, komanso marble, ndipo pamwamba pake patebulopo nthawi zambiri pamayikidwa njira ya miyala, kapena miyala yokongoletsedwa, nthawi zina yopanda mtengo. Zomwe zimapangidwira ndizoyika tebulo lalikulu lodyera lokhala ndi mipando yayitali;
mabedi, monga mipando ina, ndi yayikulu komanso yayikulu. Bokosi lam'mutu limadzionetsera lokha ndi zojambula zokongola kapena limatha kukhala lofewa, lokhala ndi zinthu zokwera mtengo. Denga limatha kupangidwa ndi zinthu zomwezo kapena ma sofa ndipo ma ottoman amatha kukhazikitsidwa mchipinda;
chandelier wamakristalo ndi magalasi sangathe kutchedwa kuti mipando, koma amakhala ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri popanga mawonekedwe amkati mwa Ufumu. Apa ndipamene mafashoni ovala magalasi okhala ndi galasi adayamba, ndipo ma chandeli a kristalo adakhalabe m'nyumba zathu kwanthawi yayitali.

Nthawi zambiri, kuyimitsa mkati, mipando yamtundu wa Ufumu imapangidwira kuyitanitsa kapena kugulidwa kwathunthu. Iyi ndi njira yosavuta yogwirizana, popeza zida zonse zakhala zikufanana kale ndipo zimagwirizana ndi mtundu wa mitundu yonse.

Mtundu wa Ufumu ukhoza kutchedwa chimaliziro pakukweza malangizo achikale. Amatsatirabe mitundu yokhazikika ndi mizere yolimba, koma amalola kale zochitika zatsopano, zowonetsedwa ndi zomata zokongola komanso zomata. M'nthawi yathu ino, palibe zoletsa, ndipo mutha kukhala ndi malingaliro olimba mtima kwambiri chokhala ndi mipando yojambulidwa.