Quarter yachiyuda ku Prague: mbiri ya ghetto wakale

Josefov ndiye Quarter Yachiyuda ku Prague. Ili pagombe lamanja la Mtsinje wa Vltava, pafupi ndi Old Town Square, ndipo wazunguliridwa ndi nyumba za Old Town.

Quarter Yachiyuda (Židovskéměsto) idapezeka ku Prague m'zaka za zana la 11. Tsopano ili pafupifupi pakatikati pa mzindawo, koma ndiye anali malo akutali kwambiri. Ayuda anali ndi ufulu wokhazikika pamenepo, ndipo, anali olandidwa ufulu wonse, akukumana ndi ziwopsezo zotsutsana ndi Chiyuda, ghetto ku Prague.

Mu 1850, Emperor Joseph II adakhazikitsa lamulo lofananitsa ufulu wa Ayuda ndi Akhristu. Ghetto idadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa malo okhala ku Prague.

Zosangalatsa! Dzinalo "Josefov" limachokera ku dzina la Emperor Joseph II.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 19th ndi 20, makamaka pakati pa 1893 ndi 1913, chifukwa chakukonzanso kwa Prague, gawo lina lachiyuda cha Quarter lidawonongedwa. Pamene nyumba zakale zidawonongedwa ndipo zatsopano zidalowedwa ndi ma Czech, kuchuluka kwa Ayuda ku Josefov kunatsika. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, mabanja achiyuda okha ndi mabanja achiyuda achi Orthodox omwe amasunga miyambo yakale amakhalabe pano.

Tsopano dera lachiyuda ndilo gawo laling'ono kwambiri la cadastral ku Prague, dera lake lonse ndi mahekitala 8.81 okha. Pakatikati pa kotala amatchedwa "Shirokaya Street", komabe misewu yambiri pano ndi yopapatiza kotero kuti nthawi imodzi mutha kukhudza nyumba zoyimirira mbali ziwiri ndi manja anu. Ngakhale inali yaying'ono, Josefov ndi malo owonekera owonetsera zakale, omwe amakhala ndi Museum Yachiyuda yayikulu kwambiri ku Europe.

Momwe mungapezere Quarter Yachiyuda ku Prague

Pali zosankha zingapo zamomwe mungafikire ku Quarter Yachiyuda ku Prague:

Gwiritsani ntchito zoyendera pagulu:

• metro (wobiriwira mzere A) - Staroměstská station;
• Basi no 194, 207 - Pařížská ima, kumanja kwa sunagoge waku Spain;
• tram nambala 17, 18 - siyani Právnická fakulta.

Yendani:

• kuchokera kokwerera masitima apamtunda ku Prague - osakwana theka la ola;
• kuchokera ku Old Town Square - mphindi 5;
• kuchokera Charles Bridge - mphindi 10.

Malo achiyuda ndi ochepa kwambiri ndipo zokopa zake zonse zimayandikirana.

Josefov pamapu a Prague. Apa mutha kupanga njira yopita kuderali kuchokera kulikonse mumzinda.

State Jewish Museum

Kutulutsa kwa Museum of Jewish (Museum of Zidovske) kuli m'masunagoge angapo: Maiselova, Spanish, Pinkasova, Klausov. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imaphatikizaponso zowonera zachiyuda Quarter ku Prague: Ceremonial Hall, Old Jewish Cemetery ndi Robert Guttmann Gallery.

Sunagoge wa Pinkas adamangidwa koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 16 ndipo ndi amodzi mwamasunagoge akale kwambiri ku Prague. Tsopano ili ndi chionetsero chokhudza ana achiyuda omwe anali mndende ya Terezin pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse.

Synagogue ya Maiselov (Maisel) ndi omwe amawonetsa chiwonetserochi "Ayuda ku Czech Lands, X-XVIII Century". Chofunika kwambiri pazowonetserako ndi chiwonetsero cha 2D chowonera ndi mawu chomwe chimatumiza alendo m'misewu ya mzinda wakale wachiyuda.

Mutu wa chiwonetsero ku Robert Guttman Gallery: zipilala zachiyuda ku Czech Republic, kuzunzidwa kwa Ayuda aku Czech munkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, kukhalapo kwachiyuda m'maluso amakono.

Werengani zambiri za zomwe mungaone m'masunagoge ena, zamanda akale achiyuda, komanso zikumbutso zaku Prague zomwe sizili m'nyumbayi.

Zambiri zothandiza

Pali mitundu itatu yamatikiti (ana ochepera zaka 6 amavomerezedwa popanda njira iliyonse):

Amapereka ufulu woyendera sunagoge Wakale-Watsopano (matikiti osiyana sagulitsidwa kumasunagoge aliwonse achiyuda Museum). Mtengo mu CZK:

• akuluakulu - 200;
• kwa ana asukulu ndi ophunzira azaka 6 mpaka 26 - 140;
• banja (wamkulu 1, ana opitilira 4) - wamkulu 200, mwana aliyense 100.

Amaloleza kuyendera masunagoge aku Spain, Maisel, Pinkas ndi Klaus, Ceremonial Hall, Old Jewish Cemetery ndi Robert Guttman Gallery. Mtengo mu CZK:

• akuluakulu - 350;
• kwa ophunzira ndi ophunzira - 250;
• tikiti yabanja - 359 kwa wamkulu, 100 kwa mwana aliyense.

Limakupatsani kuona mwamtheradi zinthu zonse za State Jewish Museum. Mtengo mu CZK:

• akuluakulu - 530;
• kwa ophunzira ndi ophunzira - 350;
• tikiti yabanja - wamkulu 500, mwana aliyense 160.

Matikiti ali ovomerezeka masiku asanu ndi awiri, koma tsamba lililonse limayendera kamodzi.

M'masunagoge, matikiti sagulitsidwa! Mutha kuzigula paofesi yamatikiti ya nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale zokha, ku Information Center (Maiselova Street 15, Prague 1) kapena patsamba lovomerezeka la Museum (https://www.jewishmuseum.cz/).

Muthanso kutenga mapu aulere a Prague kuchokera ku ofesi yamatikiti ndi malo azidziwitso, omwe akuwonetsa Quarter Yachiyuda ndi zokopa zake zonse. Kumeneko, kwa nthawi yonse ya tikiti, chiphaso chomvera chimaperekedwa kwa renti (yopezeka mu Chirasha): kwa achikulire ma kroon 250, ana asukulu ndi ophunzira - ma kroon 200.

Upangiri! Kuwongolera kwa audio kumatha kutengedwa ndi kuchotsera kwa 30% ngati mungatsitse pulogalamu ya Prague Jewish Town pafoni yanu pasadakhale. Ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito sikuyamba kuchokera ku Android (kumapereka cholakwika), kuli pafoni, ndipo akuchotsera.

State Jewish Museum ndi malo ake onse amatsegulidwa tsiku lililonse, kupatula Loweruka ndi maholide ena achiyuda. Nthawi zimasiyanasiyana kutengera nyengo:

• Januware-Marichi ndi Novembala-Disembala - kuyambira 9:00 mpaka 16:30;
• Epulo-Okutobala - kuyambira 9:00 mpaka 18:00;

Adilesi ya Museum: U Staré školy 3, 110 00, Prague 1.

Chisunagoge cha ku Spain

Sunagoge waku Spain ndiye nyumba yachipembedzo yachichepere kwambiri mu Jewish Quarter. Inamangidwa mu 1868 pamalo pomwe panali nyumba yakale yopemphereramo achiyuda "Shul Wakale".

Mu 1941 nyumbayi idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi a Nazi ngati nyumba yosungiramo katundu, ndipo nkhondo itatha idasiyidwa. Pofika chaka cha 1986, anali mkhalidwe wosauka kwambiri, ndipo kumanganso kwakukulu kunkachitika mmenemo. Sunagoge tsopano amakhala ndi ziwonetsero zosatha za nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, nthawi zambiri amakonza zoimbaimba zapachipinda, masabata oyenera amachitika Lachisanu lirilonse, ndipo mwakuchita nawo maukwati malinga ndi miyambo yachiyuda.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti! Kuyambira mu 1836, František Škroup anali woyimba pa sunagoge waku Spain. Ndi wolemba nyimbo wodziwika waku Czech yemwe adalemba nyimbo yadziko lonse.

Kapangidwe ka sunagoge ndiwotsutsana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe chachiyuda. Pooneka bwino, mawonekedwe amtundu wachi Moorish amakhudzidwa, ndipo dome lomwe lili pakatikati likutsindika kukongola kwa nyumbayo.

Mkati mwa sunagoge waku Spain ndi wogwirizana kwambiri; imakhudza modabwitsa kwambiri komanso mwatsatanetsatane. Makoma, zipinda zam'mwamba ndi zipilala zimapangidwa ndi zojambulajambula komanso zamaluwa monga momwe Moorish ndi zolinga zachiyuda zimakhalira. Makamaka mitundu yofiira ndi yobiriwira idagwiritsidwa ntchito kupenta, mitundu yambiri yowala. Khoma lakum'mawa limakongoletsedwa ndi zenera lamagalasi lopangidwa mwanjira yopangidwa ndi nyenyezi isanu ndi umodzi ya David, ndipo pansi pake pali "Torah Ark" yachikhalidwe. Kumbali yakumwera kuli mapaipi a ziwalo. Tambirimbiri ndi gawo la azimayi zakonzedwa pamakoma atatu pamafelemu azitsulo ndikuphimba kwathunthu. Mipando ya mamembala amipingo sinapangidwe mofanana ndi momwe amachitira m'masunagoge - imakhazikika pamizere.

Sunagoge waku Spain ku Prague amakhala ndi ziwonetsero ziwiri zokhazikika ku Museum of Jewish:

1. Mbiri ya Ayuda ku Czech Republic mzaka za XIX-XX. Zowonetserako zikufotokoza za asayansi aku Czech-Chiyuda, olemba, oimba ndi ojambula (Franz Kafka, Sigmund Freud, Gustav Mahler), akufotokoza za kumangidwanso kwa Quarter Yachiyuda ku Prague. Makamaka amaperekedwa ku moyo wa Ayuda mu 1939-1945 ndi ku Terezin ghetto.
2. Siliva wamasunagoge aku Czech. Pachithunzichi pali zinthu zoposa 200 zasiliva zamtengo wapatali zokhudzana ndi mbiri yachiyuda. Zambiri mwazinthuzo ndizodzikongoletsera za Torah, zinthu zambiri zamatchalitchi (Hanukkah, malo osamba m'manja).

Adilesi ya sunagoge waku Spain ndi Vězeňská 1, 110 00 Prague 1.

Zofunika! Kuyambira pa Meyi 31, 2019, sunagoge waku Spain watsekedwa kuti akhale wamakono. Imakhala ndi chiwonetsero chatsopano chokhazikika chokhala ndi zinthu zina. Chokopa chiyembekezeka kukhala chotsegulira alendo kumapeto kwa 2020.

Pezani Mitengo kapena sungani malo alionse ogwiritsira ntchito fomu iyi

Chipilala cha Franz Kafka

Pafupi ndi sunagoge waku Spain pali chipilala cha Kafka, chomwe chili m'gulu la Zolemba 10 zapamwamba kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Mwamuna wofanana ndi wolemba amakhala pamapewa a suti yayikulu, yomwe ili mkati mwazitsulo. Ndi chilengedwe chake chosema, wosemayo adatha kufotokoza momveka bwino nkhawa zonse komanso kusamveka bwino kwa ntchito zodabwitsa za Kafka.

Kutalika kwa mkuwa wachilendowu ndi 3.75 m, kulemera kwake ndi 700 kg, ndipo zidapangidwa ndi wosema J. Ron mu 2003.

Sunagoge wa Klaus

Sunagoge wa Klaus adamangidwa pamalo amnyumba zitatu zamiyambo zomwe zidawotchedwa m'zaka za zana la 16. Mosiyana ndi masunagoge ena, ili ndi chipinda chimodzi chokha. Komabe, kapangidwe kameneka sikangatchulidwe kuti "kotsika": mkati mwake ndi kwakukulu, ndipo zipilala zazitali zimapatsa ulemu wapadera. Maonekedwe a nyumbayo sanasinthe kuyambira 1880.

Tsopano sunagoge wa Klaus amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati holo yowonetsera: imakhala ndi chiwonetsero chokhazikika "Maholide Achiyuda, Miyambo ndi Miyambo". Gawo la nyumbayi limatulutsa zolemba pamanja zakale, mipukutu ya Torah, zida zamwambo. Palinso zinthu zapakhomo, zovala ndi ziwonetsero zina zosonyeza moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wamabanja achiyuda.

Sunagoge wa Klaus ali ku U Starého hřbitova 3a, 110 00, Prague 1. Pafupi pali polowera kumanda achiyuda.

Manda akale achiyuda

Manda m'chigawo cha Josefov ndi amodzi mwamanda akale achiyuda padziko lapansi. Idakhazikitsidwa koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 15; kuikidwa m'manda komaliza kunachitika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 17. Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, gawo lamanda lidakulitsidwa mobwerezabwereza, koma silinali lokwanira tawuni yachiyuda. Vutoli linathetsedwa motere: maliro akale anali okutidwa ndi nthaka yayikulu, ndipo zotsatirazi zidachitika mmenemo. Zotsatira zake, zidapezeka kuti mandawo ali pamwamba pamzake mpaka khumi. Pali manda 12,000 m'manda.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti! Magazini ya National Geographic Travel yatcha Manda Achiyuda Akale ku Prague ngati amodzi mwa manda 10 osangalatsa kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Aliyense amene amabwera kuno paulendo akhoza kupita ku Ceremonial Hall, yomwe mu 1908 idamangidwa pamalo amnyumba yakale ya abale aku Prague. Nyumbayi ili ndi chiwonetsero, ndikupitilizabe kufotokoza kuchokera ku sunagoge wa Klaus. Amapereka mbiri ndi zochitika ku Prague Burial Society, yomwe idagwira ku Prague ghetto kuyambira 1564.

Adilesi yomwe mungapeze khomo la Manda Achiyuda Akale: Široká 3, 110 00, Prague 1.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti! Anthu ambiri otchuka anaikidwa m'manda a kotala Josefov. Rabbi Leo adayikidwa pamenepo - ndiye amene, malinga ndi nthano, adapanga Golem. Pano pali manda a Mordechai Maisel - wobadwira m'banja losauka kwambiri, adakhala wachuma ndikupereka chuma chachifumu ndi ndalama, adagawa zonse zomwe adapeza kwa osauka ndikusiya dziko lino alibe chilichonse.

Yerekezerani mitengo ya malo ogwiritsira ntchito Fomu iyi

Sunagoge wakale watsopano

Kudera lonse la Europe, osati Prague kokha, Old New Synagogue ndiye sunagoge wakale kwambiri yemwe adapulumuka. Inamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma XIII ndipo idasungabe mawonekedwe ake mpaka lero. Poyamba ankatchedwa Chatsopano, koma nyumba zina zopembedzera zitamangidwa m'zaka za zana la 16, zidasinthidwa Staronovaya. Monga kale, imakhalabe maziko achipembedzo ofunikira kwambiri mu Jewish Quarter.

Ndizosangalatsa! Pali nthano yokhudzana ndi sunagoge wakale wakale. Rabi Leo amafuna kuteteza Ayuda ku ziukiro zachikhristu, ndipo adapanga dongo lalikulu Golem ngati womuthandizira. Golem idawonongera midzi yachikhristu. Amfumu atadziwa izi, adapempha rabi kuti amuwononge wankhondo wake wadongo. Koma Rabbi Leo adangomukhazika mtima pansi ndikumubisa m'chipinda chapamwamba cha sunagoge wakale. Ayuda ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Golem akadali penapake m'sunagoge uyu, kudikirira nthawi yomwe anthu ake amafunikira.

Kunja, Old New Synagogue ndi nyumba yosavuta yokhala ndi denga lokwera. Chilichonse mkati chimakhala chokhwima komanso choletsa. Chipinda chazigawo zisanu chimathandizidwa ndi mizati iwiri yozungulira, yomwe pakati pake pamakhala guwa. Mipando imayikidwa pamakoma - amayang'ana pakatikati, pomwe pali tebulo la Torah pamwambapa.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti! Kutseguka kwa mawindo kumapangidwa kuti akhale otakata kunja kwa nyumbayo komanso mkati mwake. Malongosoledwe olondola a kamangidwe kameneka adzakhala mizere ya Boris Goldberg: “Muyenera kusunga pafupifupi theka la mdima kwamuyaya, ngati kuti makatani adakonzedwa. Ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kotero kuti sikanakhoza kubisa kuwala kwa chidziwitso kuchokera ku Torah ... ”.

• Adilesi ya Old New Synagogue ndi Maiselova 18, 110 00, Prague 1.
• Nthawi yochezera ndiyofanana ndi maola oyamba a Jewish Museum, muyenera kugula tikiti kumeneko.
• M'sunagoge momwemo, mutha kubwereka mapepala azidziwitso ang'onoang'ono mu Chirasha.
• Amaperekanso ma kippahs kwaulere (amuna ayenera kuvala m'masunagoge), ngakhale muzinthu zina zosungiramo zinthu zakale mumayenera kulipira ndalama zokwana 5. Kujambula zithunzi m'sunagoge nkoletsedwa.

Nyumba Yachiyuda Yachiyuda

Nyumba yokhala ndi zipinda ziwiri yokhala ndi denga la mansard, yomwe idasungidwa ku Josef kotala kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 16, imawonekera kumbuyo kwa nyumba zoyandikana ndi nsanja yake yokha. Pansi penipeni pa nsanjayo (27.5 m kutalika) pali khonde lozungulira lokhala ndi chitsulo chosatseka, ndipo pamwamba pake pali nduwira yovekedwa ndi Star ya David ya nsonga zisanu ndi chimodzi. Pamwamba pa khonde, mbali zonse zinayi za nsanjayi, pali wotchi yokhala ndi manambala achiroma.

Pali nyumba ina pa nthawi - ndi amene amakopa alendo kuno. Wotchiyo imayikidwa pachithunzi chazing'ono chotsogola pamwamba pa kolowera chakumpoto - ichi ndichokera mbali ya Chervenaya Street. Wotchiyo ndi yachilendo chifukwa uthengawo umakhala ndi zilembo zachiheberi, zomwe zili nthawi yomweyo. Mivi imayenda kuchokera kumanja kupita kumanzere, monganso mawu amawerengedwa m'Chiheberi.

Nyumba Yachiyuda (Židovská radnice) yakhala malo achitetezo ku Josefov, tsopano pali mabungwe ambiri achiyuda komanso achipembedzo. Chizindikiro cha Prague chatsekedwa kwa anthu onse. Alendo amangoyendera malo odyera a kosher "Shalom", omwe amagwirira ntchito chipinda choyamba cha holo.

Nyumba ya Jewish Town Hall ili pakona ya Chervena ndi Maiselova Street, pafupi ndi Old New Synagogue. Adilesi: Maiselova 250/18, 110 00, Prague 1.

Sunagoge waku Yerusalemu

Mu 1905-1908, sunagoge wamkulu kwambiri ku Prague adamangidwa - sunagoge waku Yerusalemu (Jubilee). Ili pafupi ndi Quarter Yachiyuda, koma kunja kwake, pafupi ndi Main Railway Station ku Prague. Mutha kupeza sunagoge waku Yerusalemu ku 1310/7 Jeruzalémská Street, 110 00, Prague 1.

Mapangidwe amkati mwa sunagoge uyu ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi nyumba zopempherera zachiyuda. Kuunikira sikukuchitikanso malingana ndi malamulo achiyuda: magalasi okhala ndi magalasi ali padenga.

Zokongoletsera zamkati ndizokongola kwambiri komanso zolemera. Makomawo ajambulidwa ndi zokongoletsa zovuta mu terracotta ndi malankhulidwe amtambo, ndimitundu yambiri yagolide.

• Sunagoge waku Yerusalemu ndiwotseguka kwa alendo ochokera Epulo mpaka Okutobala (kuphatikiza) masiku onse kupatula Loweruka ndi tchuthi chachiyuda.
• Maola otseguka: kuyambira 11: 00 mpaka 17: 00.

Malipiro olowera:

• akuluakulu 100 CZK;
• kwa ophunzira ndi ophunzira mpaka zaka 26 - 60 CZK.

Quarter yachiyuda ku Prague ndi malo abwino osati owonera chabe, komanso oyenda. Ndizosangalatsa kuyenda mu chidutswa chokongola cha Prague masana komanso madzulo opanda phokoso.

Ulendo woyenda kudera lachiyuda la Prague:

Onerani kanemayo: BATALION COMICS BAR u0026 CLUB (Mulole 2024).