Wodzichepetsa koma wokongola m'nyumba geranium: mitundu yotchuka ndi malamulo amasamaliro apanyumba

M'nyumba geranium yakhalabe chomera chodziwika kwambiri m'nyumba kwazaka zambiri. Duwa ili lachita bwino chonchi chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino komanso kudzichepetsa pakukula.

Geranium ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala.

Ma geraniums onse agawika m'magulu awiri: onunkhira komanso maluwa.

Chotsatira, tiwona mitundu ndi malamulo odziwika azosamalira kunyumba.

Kulongosola kwa botanical ndi mbiri yazomera

M'nyumba geranium ndi subshrub yosatha kapena chomera cha herbaceous. ochokera kubanja la geranium. Pali mitundu yoposa 400 ya maluwawa yomwe ikukula padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza m'malo otentha. Maluwawo amatchedwa ndi liwu lachi Greek loti "crane", chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a zipatso - ku geraniums amafanana ndi milomo ya kireni.

M'zaka za zana la 17 zidabweretsedwa ku Europe kuchokera ku Africa. Chomera chokongola chokhala ndi maluwa owala ndi kununkhira kwapadera mwachangu kunayamba kutchuka m'mabwalo a olemekezeka, popita nthawi, chomeracho chidayamba kufalikira m'makalasi ena. Inapezeka ku Russia m'zaka za zana la 18 komanso idakondana ndi wamaluwa.

Chimawoneka bwanji ndipo chimamasula liti?

Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi nthambi zazitsambak. Ili ndi mizu yotukuka yomwe imasinthidwa kukhala malo ouma.

Masambawo ndi ozungulira, nthawi zambiri amakhala obiriwira ndi kutulutsa kofiira. Mitundu ina itha kukhala ndi mitundu ina, mwachitsanzo, pali malire oyera patsambalo, kapena nkhope yonse yobiriwira imakhala yofiirira.

Geranium inflorescence ngati ambulera, maluwa amatha kukhala osavuta, osungunuka kapena owirikiza. Inflorescence imafikira 15 cm m'mimba mwake, mumitundu ina - mpaka masentimita 20. Maluwawo ndi mawonekedwe olondola, masamba asanu, utoto umatha kukhala wosiyanasiyana kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, pali mitundu ndi maluwa mumayendedwe ofiira, kuyambira burgundy mpaka pinki wonyezimira. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yabuluu ndi yofiirira imapezekanso.

Zipatso za Geranium ndi bokosi lomwe limawoneka ngati mulomo wa kireni kapena dokowe, momwe mkati mwake mumasungidwa mbewu za mbewu.

Mitundu yotchuka: mayina ndi chidziwitso chachidule

Mwa mitundu yonse ya chipinda cha geranium, zotsatirazi ndizodziwika kwambiri:

• Mitundu yaying'ono. Izi zikuphatikiza mbewu zomwe kutalika kwake sikufikira masentimita 25. Zotchuka kwambiri mwa izi ndi "Francis Parrett", "Jane Eyre", "Pensby".
• Kuchiritsa geranium - sikungadzitamande ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ngati zokongoletsa. Pakukula, chofunikira kwambiri ndikumanga zobiriwira.
• Buluu. Mitundu yomwe ili ndi mtundu wapachiyambi umaphatikizapo "Johnsons Blue", "Himalayan" (werengani za Himalayan "Plenum" apa).

Muphunzira zambiri zamitundu yazipinda, komanso ma geraniums amundawu m'nkhaniyi.

Chithunzi

Pansipa mutha kuwona chithunzi cha maluwa amtundu wa geranium, kuphatikiza otsika, buluu komanso mankhwala.

Momwe mungabzalidwe molondola?

Kulima kumachitika m'njira ziwiri: kuchokera ku mbewu ndi ku cuttings.

Malamulo obzala mbewu

Kubzala mbewu za geranium mkati ndi ntchito yolemetsa komanso yowononga nthawi. Nthawi zambiri, alimi odziwa ntchito zamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito njirayi pongolima mbewu zatsopano. Chifukwa chakuti oyamba kumene nthawi zambiri amalephera kumera duwa kuchokera ku mbewu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito mbewu zotsika mtengo poyamba.

1. Kuti mumere nyemba, nthaka yokhazikika imafunika; kuti mukwaniritse izi, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera humus ndi mchenga panthaka.
2. Mbewu zimabzalidwa koyambirira kwa Marichi kapena koyambirira, bola zikamamera zimawala. M'nyengo yozizira, mphukira zimaunikiridwa ndi phytolamp yapadera.
3. Musanadzalemo, nthaka imathiriridwa ndi potaziyamu permanganate - izi ndizofunikira kuthira nthaka poteteza matenda amizu mtsogolo. Pambuyo pake, mbewu zimafesedwa m'nthaka, kuzama pang'ono, koma osakonkha nthaka yochokera kumwamba.
4. Kenako, muyenera kuphimba mphikawo ndi kanema ndikutumiza mbande zamtsogolo pamalo otentha kuti apange wowonjezera kutentha. Izi zidzakhala ndi phindu pakumera kwa mbewu.

Kukula kuchokera ku cuttings

Kubzala cuttings ndi njira yosavuta, yomwe ngakhale katswiri wamaluwa woyambira amatha kuthana nayo.

1. Musanabzala, cuttings iyenera kukhala yokonzeka kubzala pansi. Kuti muchite izi, zidutswa zodulidwa mwatsopano zimayikidwa m'madzi kuti zizipanga mizu. Ndikofunika kutentha kwambiri mchipinda momwe kudula kumamera.
2. Mizu ikayamba kudulidwa, imachotsedwa m'madzi ndikupatsidwa kanthawi pang'ono kuti chinyezi chomwe chimachokera pamwamba pa mphukira chisinthe.
3. Pesi imabzalidwa m'nthaka yothandizidwa ndi manganese. Zizindikiro zoyamba zakukula zikangowonekera, m'pofunika kutsina pamwamba pa mphukira.

Kusankha malo mchipinda

Chitsimikizo chachikulu cha kukula bwino ndi maluwa a kubzala ndikowunikira kokwanira. Geranium imafuna kuwala kwa dzuwa, motero tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika mphika ndi duwa ili pazenera lakumwera.

Zofunika! Mwachitsanzo, ngati pali kuwala kowala kwambiri kwa dzuwa, masana, kumafunabe mthunzi, apo ayi masamba a chomeracho amatha kutentha.

Mu nyengo yotentha, mphika wamaluwa ungatumizedwe ku khonde kapena pakhonde, mpweya wabwino umapindulitsa kwambiri mbewu. Poterepa, chomeracho chiyenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo ndi kusodza.

Kodi ndi nthaka yanji yomwe ikufunika?

Mukamabzala kapena nthawi ina, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndikukonzekera nthaka yoyenera kubzala. Ngalande zabwino ndizofunikira kwambiri ku geraniums, popeza imatha kukhala ngati dongo kapena miyala.

Maluwawo safuna kumuika pafupipafupi. Ndikofunikira kusintha mphika ngati mizu yakula kwambiri ndipo chidebe cham'mbuyomu chakhala chothina. Ngati duwa ladzazidwa ndi madzi mwangozi, tikulimbikitsanso kuthira geranium.

Monga dothi, nthaka ya konsekonse yochokera ku sitolo yapadera ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Muthanso kudzikonzekeretsa nokha posakaniza turf, humus ndi mchenga mu chiyerekezo cha 8: 2: 1.

Malamulo osamalira maluwa

1. Kuthirira pafupipafupi kumadalira nyengo. M'chaka, chomeracho chimafuna chinyezi chochuluka kuposa nthawi yachisanu. Kawirikawiri kuthirira m'chilimwe kumachitika masiku onse 2-3. Komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti madzi ochulukirapo amatha kupangitsa mizu kuwola. Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti kusowa kwa chinyezi kwa geraniums sikowopsa kwenikweni kuposa kuthirira pafupipafupi. Njira yayikulu yodalira posankha kuchuluka kwa kuthirira ndi kuuma kwa nthaka mumphika. Nthaka ikangoyamba kuuma, chomeracho chimayenera kuthiriridwa.
2. Amafuna kutentha kwapadera. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kutentha kwapansi pamadigiri +12 kumatha kuwononga chomeracho. Duwa limamva bwino kutentha.
3. Geranium sikuti ikufuna pachizindikiro cha chinyezi cha mpweya. Kaya mpweya wamkati ndi wouma kapena wouma, chomeracho chimakula ndikusangalala ndi chisamaliro choyenera. Kupopera mbewu kumalefuka kwambiri, chifukwa izi zimatha kusokoneza masambawo.
4. Feteleza watsopano samaloledwa ngati feteleza wa ma geraniums. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wapadera wokhala ndi zinthu monga nayitrogeni, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Izi zidzakuthandizani maluwa. Akatswiri samalangiza kudyetsa maluwa nthawi yotentha. Pomaliza, musanathira feteleza, ndikofunikira kusunthira mphika wa geraniums pamalo amthunzi. Komanso, musanadye, duwa liyenera kuthiriridwa.

Zonse zokhudza matenda ndi tizirombo

Geranium imagonjetsedwa ndi zovuta, komanso matenda ndi tizirombo tambiri, koma nthawi zina duwa limakhalanso ndi matenda ena.

• Wowola wofiirira - matenda omwe amakhudza masamba a chomera ndi mawanga abulauni. Kuletsa kufalikira, muyenera kuchotsa masamba onse omwe akhudzidwa ndikusiya kuthirira, kenako musamalire bwino maluwa ndi othandizira.
• Mizu yowola - amakula chifukwa chinyezi wambiri panthaka. Chifukwa chake chimakhala chochuluka kwambiri komanso chimathirira pafupipafupi, chifukwa chake nsalu yanthaka imakhalabe yonyowa. Ngati geranium yadzazidwa ndi madzi mwangozi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiwetse maluwawo nthawi yomweyo, koma ngati mizu yakhudzidwa kale, chomeracho sichingapulumutsidwe.
• Aphid - imodzi mwazirombo zochepa zomwe sizigonjetsedwa ndi fungo linalake. Amapezeka pansi pamasamba. Njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera nsabwe ndi kupopera mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'nyumba.

Kubereka

Kunyumba, kufalitsa ndi cuttings. Kuti mukonzekere bwino cuttings, muyenera kutsatira malamulo angapo:

• cuttings zakonzedwa masika;
• mphukira zakumtunda kapena zam'mbali zimadulidwa;
• kutalika kwa mphukira yodulidwa kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 5 cm m'litali, payenera kukhala masamba 2-3 pamphukira;
• Mukadula, phesi liyenera kusiya mlengalenga kuti malo odulidwawo aume, kenako pitirizani kubzala.

Kudzikongoletsa sikufuna zambiri. Chomerachi ndi chabwino kwa alimi oyamba kumene kapena anthu omwe alibe mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yambiri posamalira maluwa. Zina mwazinthu zofunikira za geranium zitha kukhala zowonjezera kuwonjezera pakuwoneka kwake kosangalatsa.

Vidiyo ili pansipa ikufotokoza momwe tingakulire ma geraniums kunyumba.

Onerani kanemayo: mawu 200 - ChiUzbeki - Chichewa (July 2024).