Kumanani ndi gerbera yoyera

Chomerachi cholinga chake ndi kudula. Ili ndi malo achisanu olemekezeka pamaluwa padziko lonse lapansi, ntchito yake ndikupanga maluwa.

Duwa lokha, chovunda, chrysanthemum ndi tulip zidagwera gerbera. Oyenera maluwa okongola komanso ochepa. Okhala ku Great Britain amatcha maluwa awa "Transvaal daisy", ndipo nthawi zina amatchedwanso "Transvaal daisy".

Kulongosola kwa botani ndi chiyambi

Maluwa a gerbera palokha ndi inflorescence yovuta, amatchedwa dengu, m'mimba mwake muli masentimita 4 mpaka 30. M'mphepete mwa inflorescence pali maluwa osakhwima kwambiri (koma tinkakonda kuwatcha masamba), ofanana ndi malilime. Palinso maluwa apakati. Amaperekedwa ngati chubu chachikasu. Mwachidule, chilichonse chomwe timakonda kutcha duwa limodzi ndi inflorescence yonse, yophatikiza mpaka maluwa zana.

Masamba a kukongola koyera amadabwa ndi chisomo chawo. Ma mbale a masambawo amangika m'mphepete mwake, ngati odulidwa modabwitsa, akutuluka molunjika ku muzu. Kutalika kwake kumakhala masentimita 30. Nthawi zambiri masambawo amakhala okutidwa ndi madzi oyera. Ponena za zimayambira zopanda masamba, zimatha kutalika mpaka masentimita 60. Ndiponso fluffy.

Ma duwa a Transvaal amawerengedwa kuti ndioyenera kutengera malonda chifukwa amakhala ndi nyengo yayitali pafupifupi miyezi inayi. Ndipo akatha kudula, amasungabe mawonekedwe awo okongola mumphika mpaka milungu itatu.

Gerberas adapezeka koyamba ku South Africa ndi madera otentha a Madagascar, India. Japan, China, Mongolia, Australia, komanso ku South America. Kutchuka kwa maluwawa kunaperekedwa ndi Scotsman Robert Jameson.... yemwe nthawi ina adatumiza mbewu zosadziwika kumunda wamaluwa. Mutha kudziwa za gerbera ya Jameson pankhaniyi.

Tchulani! Ku Europe, ma gerberas adadziwika kokha kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20. Pakadali pano, mitundu pafupifupi khumi ndi iwiri ya Transvaal daisy imadziwika. Zotsatira zake, tiyenera kuthokoza pantchito yopindulitsa ya obeta.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe

Kunja, ma gerberas amakumbutsa kwambiri chamomiles, koma mitundu yakale yokha ndiosiyana kwambiri. Kwa ife, ngakhale mithunzi ya maluwa a dengu imakhala yofanana. Pachikuto chomera nthawi zonse chimakhala chokha, chazunguliridwa ndi masamba omwe amangiriridwa ndi mphukira. Chimodzi mwa maluwa omwe afotokozedwaku ndi kutentha kwake. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri imaswana m'nyumba zosungira, malo obiriwira kapena m'nyumba yofunda.

Mitundu ya gerberas imawoneka yokongola kwambiri, yomwe imafalikira mu pinki, yofiira, yachikaso ndi lalanje. Mutha kupanga maluwa okongola kwambiri ndikuwapatsa okondedwa anu.

Chithunzi

Onani chithunzi china cha gerbera yoyera:

Zofika pamtunda

Olima minda ambiri, makamaka osadziwa zambiri, amadana ndi kukakamiza kwakukulu kwa ma gerberas. Palibe zodabwitsa, chifukwa kulima kwawo kutchire kumayendetsedwa ndi zovuta zina. Kuti timere maluwa awa moyandikira m'munda mwanu, amayenera kukumbidwa chaka chilichonse nyengo yozizira isanachitike. Mwa ichi ali ofanana ndi dahlias.

Nthaka

Chifukwa chake, ndi dothi lotani lomwe lingafanane ndi mayi wopanda nzeru? Chikhalidwe ichi chimakonda dothi lotayirira, kudzera momwe mpweya umadutsa bwino komanso momwe chinyezi sichitha. Mutha kugula dothi lokonzekera kale pafupi ndi shopu iliyonse yamaluwa. Mutha kugula malo oti mubzale maluwa. Kapena mutha kukonzekera gawo lanu kunyumba. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera:

• Peat.
• Mchenga (chabwino).
• Msuzi wa masamba.

Sakanizani zonsezi mofanana. Mwina njira yachiwiri yazipangizo zosakaniza ndi nthaka ingakutsatireni. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kupanga ngalande, kenako ndikuwaza m'mizere:

1. nthaka ya sod (magawo awiri);
2. nthaka yamasamba (gawo limodzi);
3. humus (gawo 1);
4. mchenga (komanso wabwino komanso gawo limodzi).

Kusankha malo obzala gerbera yoyera, ganizirani komwe sipadzakhala zolembera ndi mphepo yamphamvu. Malo abwino oti transvaal chamomile ali pafupi ndi mpanda kapena khoma. Koma musasokoneze kuwuluka ndi ma drafti. Woyamba ayenera kupezeka nthawi zonse posamalira chomera choterocho. Ndikulimbikitsanso kukumba gerbera mumtundu wina wopumira., koma ayenera kuichita mwadongosolo kuti madzi asadzikundikire pamenepo. Sankhani malo okhala ndi kuwala kwakutali kwambiri masana.

Chomeracho chikukuthokozani ndikukula mwachangu ndi maluwa. Musaiwale kuti duwa ili limakonda mpweya wofunda ndikuwongolera momwe zinthu ziliri kwa nthawi yonse yomwe gerbera ili patsamba lanu. Mulimonsemo musazibzala ngati kuwopsa kwa chisanu usiku, komanso kutentha kwa masana, sikunadutse.

MFUNDO! Sizingakhale zopanda pake kuyika arcs pamwamba pa bedi lamaluwa, momwe mungakokere zokutira pofika usiku. Chifukwa chake mudzateteza kukongola koyera kuchokera kutsika kutentha usiku.

Chisamaliro

Kuthirira

Ndikofunika kuthirira nthaka mosamala kwambiri. Onetsetsani kuti palibe madontho amadzi amene amagwa pamasamba ndi pamalopo. Kuthirira sikuyenera kukhala kochuluka, koma pafupipafupi. Ngakhale pali ngalande, musalole kuti madzi agwe pansi kuti zisawononge mizu ya maluwa.

Kwa kuthirira, mutha kumwa madzi ochepetsa, kutentha komwe kudzakhale kwapamwamba kuposa mozungulira. Sungani chinyezi cha nthaka makamaka mumaluwa amthunzi. Popeza kusowa kwa kuwala, dothi silingaume kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zingayambitse kubzala tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Poyamba nyengo yadzuwa, zomerazi zimayenera kuthiriridwa kawirikawiri, koma osalola kuti dothi liume.

Chinyezi

Gerbera amakonda mpweya wabwino wopanda chinyezi mozungulira, koma sadzalekerera kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Ngati kuthirira nthaka ndikwanira, ndiye kuti chinyezi chowonjezera cha mpweya sichidzafunika. Ngati mpweya udakali wowuma, mutha kuthana ndi vutoli kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito mphasa wokhala ndi dongo lokulitsa.

Kutentha

Poyamba, amakhulupirira kuti transvaalsa daisy imakonda mpweya wabwino. Koma posachedwa, akatswiri afika pamalingaliro ambiri kuti kutentha koyenera kwambiri kwa gerbera ndi pafupifupi - pafupifupi 20-22 degrees Celsius.

Zovala zapamwamba

Feteleza imayenera kutengedwa mozama... Pa nyengo iliyonse, ndikofunikira kusankha njira yapadera ya umuna. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa dzinja mpaka pakati masika, komanso nthawi yonse yotentha (ino ndi nthawi yolima greenery), idyani maluwawo ndi maofesi omwe ali ndi nayitrogeni wambiri. Koma gerbera ikamasula, sinthani feteleza wokhala ndi potaziyamu wambiri.

CHENJEZO! M'milandu yoyamba komanso yachiwiri, onetsani feteleza ocheperako kuposa momwe amasonyezera phukusi.

Kutha pakati pama dressings kuyenera kukhala theka la mwezi. Sizingakhale zopanda phindu kuti nthawi ndi nthawi mugwiritse ntchito feteleza (osachepera kawiri pa nyengo). Pachifukwa ichi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mullein. Ndi malingaliro ena. Chepetsani kuchuluka kwa masamba pa gerbera nthawi yozizira. Masamba ocheperako, kuwala kumafikira gawo lililonse.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Maluwa onse amtundu wofotokozedwayo, kuphatikiza oyera, amatha kugwidwa ndi matenda otsatirawa omwe amachokera ku ma virus ndi fungal.

• Powdery mildew... Zizindikiro za kuwonongeka ndikutuluka kwa chikwangwani kumtunda kwamasamba, kenako kumada.
• Fusarium ndi verticillosis... Amadziwika ndi ma rhizomes owotcha ndi ma peduncle bases.
• Phytophthora... Mutha kuzizindikira ndi thukuta lomwe limapanga magawo onse a gerbera. Kuphatikiza apo, mizu ndi zimayambira zimayamba kukulira.
• Wowola wofiirira... Chimakwirira masamba ndi mphukira ndi imvi pachimake, fluffy kukhudza.

Maonekedwe a tiziromboti nthawi zonse amakhala chifukwa chothirira molakwika kapena kubzala mozama kwambiri. Kukhazikika kwadothi, monga tikumbukira, sikochuluka komanso kokha pansi pa mizu. Musaiwale zakusavomerezeka kwa kupopera mbewu chomeracho, pazipita zomwe zimaloledwa ndikupopera madzi mlengalenga. Madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi duwa loyenda ayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo. Kenako chitani nthaka ndi yankho.

Tizirombo toyambitsa matendawa titha kuwononga Snow White:

1. kangaude (amatchedwanso kangaude wofiira);
2. ntchentche;
3. nsabwe.

Mtundu woyamba wa tiziromboti umaphimba masambawo ndi kangaude kosaoneka bwino ndipo umayamwa timadziti ta chomeracho, chomwe chimapangitsa masamba kuyanika, ndipo posachedwa kufota kwa mphukira. Gulugufe ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe, mwatsoka, tikuchulukirachulukira pamlingo wosaneneka. Pambuyo pake, masambawo amasanduka achikasu, ndipo pakapita nthawi amatha. Nsabwe za m'masamba sizimawoneka ndi maso, koma kuwononga kwawo kumawonekera nthawi yomweyo. Pofuna kulimbana ndi "gulu" ili, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Kubereka

Gerbera woyera amafalikira m'njira zitatu:

• mbewu;
• kugawa chitsamba;
• mwa kudula.

CHOFUNIKA! Ngati musankha njira yoyamba, pitani mbeu kumayambiriro kwa masika. Iyenera kungoyendetsedwa pang'ono ndi dothi laling'ono. Mutha kuwona mphukira zoyamba m'milungu ingapo. Koma chomeracho chimakusangalatsani kokha pakatha miyezi 10.

Muyenera kugawa chitsamba chachikulire. Pachifukwa ichi, maluwa amasankhidwa omwe afika zaka 3-4. Pochita izi, mufunika mpeni wakuthwa, womwe ungagawike ma rhizomes nawo. Impso ziyenera kukhala zokuthandizani. Gawo lomwe silinapanikizike lidzakhala lokonzekera kubzala kwathunthu masiku 15. Akudziwitsani za kukonzekera kwake ndi mphukira zazing'ono. Ndikofunika kubzala ziphuphu pamtunda wa masentimita 30-40 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Njira yoberekerayi ndi yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa akatswiri opanga maluwa.

Kudula gerbera, zidutswa ndi masamba 1-2 zimadulidwa kuchokera kumizu... Maluwa amachepetsedwa ndi pafupifupi 30% powadulira. Cuttings amabzalidwa m'nthaka yonyowa ndipo amasungidwa kutentha kwa 23 digiri Celsius ndi pamwambapa.

Posamalira "White White" tsatirani malingaliro onse. Ndipo kulima duwa ili kudzakhala chisangalalo.

Onerani kanemayo: NewTek NDI - The other IP Format (September 2024).