Kukongola kwa orchid Zigopetalum - mitundu yaying'ono ndi malamulo osamalira

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Zygopetalum orchid, wokongola waku America, ndiwodzichepetsa, imagwirizana bwino ndimikhalidwe yathu, ndiyopepuka komanso yokongola, ndikosavuta kuthana nayo!

Amamasula kwambiri komanso mowala kwambiri. Ndi mitundu iti yomwe simungapeze: yofewa - yoyera, yamatcheri, palinso nyenyezi zamotley, zokhala ndi mitundu ndi ma specks osangalatsa. Bedi lamtengo wapatali la utawaleza! lero tikukuuzani za mbiri ya zygopetalum, mitundu yake yaying'ono ndi malamulo osamalira duwa lokongolali.

Kutanthauzira mwachidule

CHENJEZO: Zygopetalum Lusendorf - Mtundu uwu ndi wochokera kubanja lalikulu la ma orchid, koma osati wamba monga ma orchid ambiri, pali mitundu pafupifupi 20 yonse.

Amatha kukhala apadziko lapansi komanso ma epiphyte, ma lithophytes, ndiye kuti amakula m'miyala yamiyala, pamiyala, m'nkhalango zotentha. Kwawo - South America, Mexico, nkhalango zamvula ku Brazil, Peru.

Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane

Kapangidwe kachilendo ka duwa palokha - pamakhala kukula kwake palimodzi kumapeto kwa mzati... Maluwawo ndi aakulu, maluwa onunkhira, ali ndi fungo lokhuthala. Maluwa ndi onunkhira makamaka m'mawa.

Kutalika kwa mphukira kumafika theka la mita. Kukula kwofananira. Mphukira yokwawa imafanana ndi makwerero, ndipo "sitepe" iliyonse imakwera pang'onopang'ono pamtunda. Mizu yaying'ono: Mizu yoyera, yakuda.

Pseudobulbs ndi oblong, ofupikitsidwa, osalala, obiriwira wowala, chowulungika... Iwo ali mu mtundu wa chisa kuchokera kumunsi masamba, omwe amafa pakapita nthawi. Nthawi zambiri amabala zipatso m'maluwa angapo. Pamene ikukula ndikukula, pseudobulb iliyonse imakula pang'ono kuposa yapita.

Masamba ndi owala, osongoka, otakata, achikopa, ngati okutidwa ndi gloss, ngati mpeni - lancet. Ali ndi mitsempha ya kotenga nthawi.

Maluwawo ndi owala: zofiirira, zoyera, zobiriwira, masamba osongoka amawoneka ngati starfish. Inflorescences amafanana maburashi osowa... Amatha kukhala ndi mtundu umodzi, kapena amatha kudzazidwa ndi mawanga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mlomo uli ngati burashi yowala ya ojambula, mosiyana ndi maluwa omwewo.

Mbiri yoyambira

Orchid zygopetulum - kumasulira kwenikweni kuchokera ku Chigiriki - "wophatikizidwa", "goli" ndi "petal". Makolo ake anabwera kuminda yathu ndi malo obiriwira ochokera ku South America. Masiku ano, maluwa a maluwa onunkhirawa amapezeka kwa anthu onse a ku Ulaya, ndi osavuta kuwasamalira, osati mwachisawawa, amafuna kuti moyo ukhale pafupi ndi dziko lakwawo.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani ndi mitundu ina?

Zygopetalum orchid salola "kuyanika" kwa nthaka konse, yomwe imachitika posamalira mitundu ina ya maluwa. Mizu ya orchid iyi ilibe mizu yoteteza yomwe imatha kusunga chinyezi mu gawo lapansi.

CHOFUNIKA: Gawo lapansi likauma, maluwa a zygopetalum adzafa.

Subsort

Pali "magwero oyambira" ochepa a zygopetalum; m'mashopu amaluwa mutha kugula hybrids za orchid izi, tilingalira zowala kwambiri.

Amazonica

Mitundu yosakhwima kwambiri ya zygopetalum. Maluwawo ndi oyera ngati chipale chofewa, mlomo umadziwika ndi mikwingwirima yofiirira, izi zimawonjezera kuwala komanso kusiyana ndi maluwa onse. Masamba ndi obiriwira mopepuka, osalimba, oyeretsedwa, amakula mokondera wokongola, mpaka 20 cm kutalika. Fungo la maluwa a orchid a Amazonica ndi lokongola komanso lokhalitsa.

Lindeniae

Nyenyezi yoseketsa yosiyana, imamasula mchaka ndi chilimwe, maluwawo amakula mpaka masentimita 8. Amakhala ndi maluwa okhaokha, obiriwira wobiriwira ndi mikwingwirima yonyezimira, koma milomo yoseketsa imawonekera ndi mikwingwirima yofiirira yoyera yoyera. Zygopetalum izi ndizapadera, rhizome yake imayenda, imakula m'miphika yayikulu. Masamba ndi owala, osongoka, amakula mpaka 30 cm.

Pachimake

Liti ndipo motani?

Zygopetalum, yokhala ndi chisamaliro choyenera kunyumba, imatha kuphulika kawiri pachaka, komanso nthawi iliyonse. Nthawi zambiri, maluwa amayamba nthawi yophukira kapena nthawi yozizira. Amamasula nthawi yayitali kwa miyezi 1.5 - 2. Pakati pa maluwa, onani momwe maluwa a orchid amathandizira, maluwa okhala ndi mthunzi mosakhalitsa amakhala nthawi yayitali.

Kusamalira musanafike ndi pambuyo

Pamaso maluwa, peduncle ya Zygopetalum imayamba ndi pseudobulb yosadziwika. Nthawi yopuma nthawi zambiri imadziwika pamene ma pseudobulbs adakhwima kale.

MFUNDO: Ndi bwino kutsitsa kutentha kwa mpweya pakadali pano, kuchepetsa kuthirira kuti muchepetse chinyezi cha nthaka ndi mpweya. Kutentha kwa mpweya ndikofunikira mpaka 20 ° C, ndipo chinyezi chimakhala chochepa, osachepera 60%.

Bwanji ngati sichisungunuka?

Ngati pseudobulb yakolola kale, ndipo peduncle sanawonekere, musayembekezere maluwa. Kuti "mulimbikitse" maluwa a maluwa kukhala ophuka, muyenera kuchepetsa kuthirira... Kusiyanitsa kwa kutentha kwa 3 - 5 ° C kuyenera kukhala kofunikira pakumasula.

Gawo lirilonse malangizo akukula

Kusankha mpando

Zygopetalum orchid imakonda mthunzi pang'ono, chifukwa chake miphika imayikidwa kumadzulo kapena kum'mawa. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti kumpoto, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito kuunikira, ndipo mazenera akumwera akuyenera kupukutidwa.

Kukonzekera nthaka ndi mphika

Gawo lapansi la zygopetalum limafunikira mwapadera, kofunika madzi:

Ngalande yabwino kuchokera ku dothi lokulitsidwa, miyala, polystyrene.
Zidutswa zazing'ono zamakungwa a paini.
Peat.
Moss ndi sphagnum kuti asunge chinyezi.

Gawo lokhala ndi humus ndiloyeneranso:

Zidutswa zapakati pa makungwa a paini.
Moss ndi sphagnum.
Dziko la Sod.
Peat.
Mullein.
Masamba owuma.
Zosanjikiza zimakhala ndi dothi lokulitsa kapena dongo.

Pakukula ma orchid, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito miphika yapulasitiki.... Mizu imakula kwambiri, kumamatira pamwamba pa mphikawo, ndipo imatha kuwonongeka panthawi yopatsa. Ndipo polowera mpweya m'mbali mwa mphika wapulasitiki, ndizosavuta kupanga mabowo ang'onoang'ono.

Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito madengu osanja kapena matabwa ena.

Kutentha

Makina otentha a zygopetalum orchid ayenera kukhala ochepa:

Nthawi yachilimwe ndi 23 - 25 ° C masana mpaka 18 ° C usiku.
Nthawi yophukira-nthawi yozizira - 18 - 23 ° C masana, usiku mpaka 15 ° C.

CHOFUNIKA: Kunali koyenera kuwona kutentha kwakatsiku ndi tsiku kwamadigiri angapo.

Malire otentha ayenera kutsatira chaka chonse... M'nyengo yotentha, kuyambira masika mpaka koyambirira kwa nthawi yophukira, mpaka chisanu usiku, orchid iyi imatha kusungidwa panja - m'munda, pa loggia kapena pakhonde lotseguka. Chifukwa chake, wodwala zygopetalum alandila chilengedwe chakutentha masana ndi usiku ndi zofunikira zina.

Chinyezi

Chinyezi chofunikira cha mpweya ndichokwera mokwanira - 70 - 90%, nyengo yotentha osachepera 60% chinyezi. Chinyezi cham'mlengalenga komanso kufalitsa bwino ndizofunikira pakukula bwino ndi kukula kwa zygopetalum.

Kupopera mbewu ndi ma trays owonjezera ndimiyala yonyowa sikungakhalebe chinyezi nthawi zonse. Ndi bwino kuti orchid iyi ipange zida zopangira zida zopangira nthunzi.

Kuyatsa

Pewani dzuwa lowala kwambiri kuti mupewe kuwotcha kowopsa pamasamba a orchid. Zygopetalum imafuna kuwala kofewa. Ndikofunika kutseka mawindo ndi pepala loyera, nsalu yotchinga, kapena kuyika miphika kutali ndi mawindo.

Ngati masambawo ndi obiriwira obiriwira, ndiye kuti orchid imalandira kuwala kokwanira. Ngati masamba adima, muyenera kuwonjezera kuyatsa, makamaka nthawi yachisanu.

Kuthirira

Ma orchids Zigopetalum amakonda kuthirira... M'chilimwe, kuthirira kuyenera kukhala kovuta kwambiri, panthawiyi ndibwino kuwonjezera kuthirira - kupopera mbewu ndi zina chinyezi - ikani miphika pa mphasa ndi miyala yonyowa, ikani masupu a madzi pafupi ndi miphika. Florists amalangiza kugwiritsa ntchito shawa ofunda kawiri pamwezi.

Mukapopera mbewu, madzi sayenera kugwera maluwawo, amatha kudetsedwa.

Kuthirira kumachitika m'mawa. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa, koma muyenera kuyang'anira gawo lapansi, sikuyenera kuuma.

Pewani kutunga madzi pa mphukira zazing'ono ndi masamba a masamba. Zowola zitha kuwoneka. Mutatha kusamba, pukutani zokhazokha zamasamba ndi zotuluka zokha ndi swab ya thonje.

Madzi ayenera kuyeretsedwa, kusefedwa, kupatukana kapena kuwira... Melt kapena madzi amvula amathandizanso. Ndizosatheka kuti nthaka iume mopitirira muyeso, komanso ndizosatheka kuthira zygopetalum. Gawoli liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse, koma sayenera kumamatirana.

Njira yothirira - kumiza mphika mumtsuko kwa mphindi 20 mpaka utadzaza ndi chinyezi. Kenako ndikofunikira kuloleza madzi ochulukirapo kuti alowerere poto, omwe timatsanulira.

Onerani kanema wonena za kuthirira koyenera kwa maluwa.

Zovala zapamwamba

Timaphatikiza umuna ndi kuthirira. M'chilimwe - kawiri pa sabata, m'nyengo yozizira ndikwanira kudyetsa orchid kamodzi pamwezi. Pakukula, feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni amagwiritsidwa ntchito; nthawi yamaluwa, ndibwino manyowa ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous.

Zygopetalum ndi yopanda tanthauzo pakudya mopitilira muyeso, mutha kuwononga mizu. Werengani malangizo mosamala, yang'anani mlingo wa feteleza.

Kupopera mbewu ndi feteleza wocheperako kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza wowonjezera.

Onerani kanema wonena za kudyetsedwa koyenera kwa maluwa.

Tumizani

Ngati muzu wakula kwambiri, wakhala wochepetsetsa, mizu ya mpweya "ikukwawa" pamwamba pa mphika, muyenera kuyika orchid. Ngati gawo lapansi liyamba kuwola, limawuma bwino, limamwa madzi ambiri, ndikufunika, apo ayi mizu imatha kuvunda.

Timabzala zaka 2-3 zilizonse, makamaka mchaka, pomwe mphukira zangoyamba kumene kukula. Ngati nthawi yomweyo masamba awonekera kale, kumuika kumachitika bwino maluwa a orchid atatha.

Njirayi ndi yosavuta:

Sambani mizu yakale yakufa ndi yovunda ndi zida zoyera, zopangidwa.
Ndi bwino kuthira mankhwala pamalowo.
Timachotsanso ma pseudobulbs owuma.
Timasiya ma pseudobulbs obiriwira, amasungabe michere yofunikira, izi zimathandizira orchid panthawi yomwe amasintha.

Onerani kanema wonena za kubzala kolondola kwa zygopetalum orchid:

Momwe mungafalikire?

Timafalitsa maluwawo mwa kugawikana:

Choyamba, yeretsani mizu m'malo ouma, opatsirana, gawo lapansi lakale.
Timagawanitsa orchid watsopano m'magawo angapo.
Chidutswa chilichonse chimayenera kukhala ndi mphukira ziwiri kapena zitatu.
Timalongosola izi zimamera mu sphagnum moss kuti zikhwime pamalo apadera, ndizotheka ku aquarium.
Timathirira nthawi zambiri.
Gawo lililonse lokolola lokhala ndi pseudobulbs lotukuka mosamala limasunthira mumphika wokhala ndi gawo lapansi.
Pofuna kupewa kuvunda, mizu imathandizidwa ndi makala.

Onani kanema wonena za kubzala kwa maluwa a orchid pogawa tchire (rosette):

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Tizirombo tomwe timafala kwambiri pa zygopetalum orchid:

Kangaude... Zizindikiro za kuwonongeka: mawanga oyera amawoneka pamasamba pansipa, kenako amakhala ofiira-otuwa. Nthambi yopyapyala imaphatikizira zimayambira. Njira yosavuta yokhala ndi shawa lotentha ikuthandizani kuthana ndi matendawa. Bwerezani njirayi kawiri - katatu. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito actofit kapena fitoverm. Katatu ndi nthawi ya masabata 1 - 2, timakonza masamba ndi yankho: 1 g wa mankhwala pa lita imodzi ya madzi.
Nkhono ndi slugs Nthawi zambiri amaukira masamba a duwa, mabowo amakhalabe pa iwo. Kuchokera kwa tizirombo, njira zasiliva zimatsalira - zotsalira. Mwa kumiza zygopetalum m'madzi, nkhono ziwonekera pa gawo lapansi, zimafunika kusonkhanitsidwa. Mankhwala a mesurol amagwiritsidwanso ntchito, kamodzi pamasabata atatu.
Kuvunda kumachitika ndi kuthirira kosayenera. Kutsirira kuyenera kuyimitsidwa, gawo lapansi liyenera kuyanika. Ndibwino kuti mumalize maluwa a orchid poyeretsa mizu kuchokera pazowola. Gwiritsani ntchito fungicide pochiza madera omwe ali ndi kachilomboka.

Kupewa mavuto osiyanasiyana

Kuthirira pafupipafupi komanso molondola, kumuika feteleza, kuthira feteleza, kudyetsa ndi njira zazikulu zopewera.
Kuwala kowonjezera kumabweretsa kukula kwa ma peduncles ndikuchedwa kukula kwa pseudobulbs, chifukwa chake ziphukazo sizikhala zoyenera maluwa.
Ngati zygopetalum sakulandira kuwala kwakufunika nthawi zonse, musayembekezere maluwa. Peduncle amaundana, maluwa amafa.
Pofuna kupewa zowola, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi matenda ena a mafangasi, olima maluwa amalimbikitsa kupukuta orchid ndi njira yofooka yotulutsa coniferous: 20 g wa mankhwalawo pa lita imodzi yamadzi.

Mapeto

Potsatira malingaliro onse osamalira duwa lodabwitsa ili, kuteteza ku mavuto onse ndi matenda, mudzalandira mphotho yaulere - malo osangalala m'nyumba mwanu komanso uchi wokoma wonunkhira.

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