Wokongola koma wokongola wokhala pawindo - Guernia! Kusamalira kunyumba
Ndizovuta kulingalira njira yokongola kwambiri, yothandiza komanso yachilengedwe yokonzanso nyumba yanu kuposa kusefukira ndi nyumba. Kuphatikiza pa kuti omalizirawo amayeretsa bwino mpweya, amakhalanso achisomo, osangalatsa diso komanso zosowa, chifukwa amabweretsa kununkhira koyambirira mkati.
Chimodzi mwazinthu izi tikambirana pansipa. Maluwa achilendowa ali ndi mayina angapo achilendo, fungo lodabwitsa komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Kufotokozera zapanyumba
Huernia (kapena Huernia, Guernia, Guernia) ku Latin Huernia ndi gulu lonse la banja la Lastovnenvy, lopangidwa ndi tsabola.
Woimira mtunduwu adafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1810 wofufuza ku South ndi East Africa, wasayansi komanso wazomera, Robert Brown. Ndipo mtunduwo udadziwika ndi dzina loti Justin Herius, mmishonale wachi Dutch, wokhometsa woyamba ku South Africa ku Cape. Chifukwa chake, chomeracho chimayenera kutchedwa "Hernia", koma mayina ena adagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kadziko lakwawo, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake ndi kununkhira kwake, duwa ili lidatchedwa lilime la Mdierekezi, maluwa a Corpse, Voodoo Lily ngakhalenso Njoka ya Njoka.
Makhalidwe a botanical
Huernia ndi okoma osatha. Mphukira zake zimayambira ku nthambi m'munsi, kutalika kwa masentimita 22-30. Zimayambira ndi zingapo (kuyambira mbali zinayi mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri), zakuda, zopanda kanthu, zimakhala ndi mano ofiira ofiira kapena obiriwira.
Maluwa a Huernia ali ndi mbali zisanu. Zokhazikazo zinali zopangidwa ndi mafelemu kapena zopangidwa ndi belu. Maluwawo amatha kukhala ndi mitundu yonse ya matte ndi utoto wonyezimira, kapena kukhala ndi utoto wowoneka bwino.
Guernia imamasula kwa nthawi yayitali (kuyambira masika mpaka nthawi yophukira).
Guernia amakhala m'chilengedwe m'malo am'chipululu kapena apululu. Dziko lakwawo ndi South ndi East Africa. Pambuyo pa 1810, nthumwi zidapezeka ku Arabia Peninsula.
Masiku ano, Huernia ndi mtundu wotchuka wazomangira nyumba.
Kununkhiza komanso mawonekedwe
Mitengo ya Juernia imawoneka ngati yachikhalidwe cha m'nyumba zokoma. Ndi otsika, mnofu, wandiweyani komanso owoneka bwino kwambiri, pa mphukira zina pali zotuluka ngati minga. Maluwa akufalikira komanso owala, mtundu ndi mawonekedwe zimatengera mitundu.
Chisamaliro: kununkhira ndichikhalidwe cha Huernia. Ndipo chokha ndichakuti ambiri mwa omwe amayimira mtundu wa chomerachi amakhala ndi fungo labwino la nyama yovunda. Fungo ndilofooka mokwanira ndipo limangomveka kokha mukayandikira mwamphamvu. Komanso, kununkhira kumawonjezeka ndikutentha.
Kodi ndizosavuta kukula?
Guernia ndi imodzi mwazomera zodzichepetsa kwambiri pakulima kunyumba. Huernia ndi yokoma kwambiri. Sakusowa malo ochulukirapo kuti akule bwino ndipo amangofunika chisamaliro chadzina chokha.
Huernia imafuna mphika wokulirapo, wotsika wokhala ndi mabowo, gawo lokometsera labwino, kuthirira pang'ono komanso kuunikira kwakumadzulo kapena kwakumwera.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi zithunzi zawo
Asayansi amawerengera pafupifupi mitundu 44 yamtundu wa Huernia, yonse ndiosiyanasiyana, yapadera komanso yosafanana. Zina mwa mitundu iyi zidzafotokozedwa pansipa.
Ndevu - Barbata
Maluwawo amakhala ndi pentahedral ya 4-6 cm m'litali ndi njira ngati msana. Maluwawo ndi achikaso chowala kapena bulauni, masambawo amakhala ndi zotuwa zofiira zopanga mawonekedwe. Masamba a ndevu za Huernia adakutidwa ndi fluff, zomwe zidadzetsa dzina la mitundu iyi.
Zomenyedwa - Zebrina
Zimayambira za mitundu iyi zimakhala ndi nkhope 4 mpaka 5, kutalika kwake kumakhala masentimita 7, ndipo m'mimba mwake mpaka 3 sentimita. Mphukira ndizobiriwira, zokhala ndi ma marble. Maluwa awiriwa ndi pafupifupi masentimita 4, pakati pali mphete yonyezimira yonyezimira. Maluwawo amapindika kumapeto kwa nsonga, mtundu wawo ndi wachikasu wobiriwira kapena wachikasu wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yofiira yopindika yopingasa.
Tsitsi - Pillansii
Mphukira za Guernia zili ndi nkhope zambiri, masentimita atatu m'litali ndi 2 m'mimba mwake. Chidwi chimakopeka ndi rosette: chakuzungulirazungulira, zokhala ndi ziphuphu zomalizira ndi tsitsi labwino. Maluwawo ndi opangidwa ndi belu, masamba amakhala pafupifupi sentimita imodzi, amaliseche, amakhala ndi timadontho tachikasu komanso papillae yofiira.
Zazikulu-zipatso - Macrocarpa
Mphukira za mitundu iyi ili ndi m'mbali 5 mpaka 7 ndi mano akuthwa pa iwo. Maluwawo amafika mainchesi awiri ndipo amakhala ndi mawanga ofiira pamwamba pake.
Woyipa - Aspera
Mu mtundu wovuta wa chomera chamkati, mphukira zimakhala zochepa mpaka masentimita 6-8, nthambi kumunsi. Mitengo ina ya duwa ili ndi mano ofiira omwe ndi ovuta kufikira. Maluwawo ali m'magulu awiri a inflorescence, mtundu wawo ndi ofiira komanso ofiira mkati.
Wachisomo - Concinna
Mphukira imafika masentimita 5 m'litali, ili ndi mbali zisanu, mano atali ndi utoto wonyezimira wobiriwira wokhala ndi utoto wofiyira. Inflorescences ali pafupi ndi tsinde, maluwa 3-5 iliyonse. Ikuwoneka bwino.
Kenyan - Keniensis
Chomeracho chimachokera kudera laling'ono ku Kenya. Ili ndi tsinde mpaka masentimita 30 m'litali, ndi nthiti zisanu. Pali minga pa mphukira. The inflorescence imaphatikizapo maluwa okongola a 3-5 velvety. Maluwa awiriwa ndi pafupifupi masentimita atatu, ndipo nsonga za maluwawo ndi zazing'ono.
Boleana - Boleana
Mphukira imakula mpaka masentimita 10. Maluwawo ndi achikasu otumbululuka, ndi moto wa burgundy. Maluwa a Boleana ali ndi mawonekedwe a Huernia. Sepals amakula theka kukhala chubu chachikulu. Mphukira yokha imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a nyenyezi, ndipo m'mimba mwake imakhala mpaka masentimita awiri.
Barbed - Hystrix
Chomeracho chimakhala chaching'ono. Imafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 12, koma mpaka masentimita 30. Mphukira zobiriwira mopepuka zimakhala ndi mano akuda okula pamwamba. Pedicel ili pafupi masentimita 7 kutalika. Corollas ndi ozunguliridwa, ndipo ma sepals amapindika mmbuyo ndikulumikizidwa pa peduncle. Chifukwa chake mumapeza china chake ngati duwa lopachikidwa pa chubu.
Pamwamba pa duwa pali zophuka zomwe zimawoneka ngati tsitsi mpaka mamilimita 5 kutalika... Maluwawo ali ndi burgundy ndi mtundu wotumbululuka, wokhala ndi papillae amaoneka ngati wamizere.
Kulendewera - Pendula
Zimayambira pazosiyanasiyana za Guernia ndizotalika mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka, zomwe zidapatsa dzina la chomeracho. Amawombera ngati silinda, m'mimba mwake masentimita 9. Zimayambira ndi zosalala komanso zozungulira. Maluwa mpaka 2 cm m'mimba mwake. Mphukira imakhala ngati nyenyezi yosongoka zisanu, burgundy yofiira, mkati mwa utoto muli burgundy yakuda.
Primrose - Primulina
Oimira amtunduwu ndi ochepa kukula, mpaka masentimita 8 kutalika ndi mpaka 2 cm makulidwe, pentahedral, okhala ndi denticles. Akuluakulu amatha kukhala masentimita 30 m'mimba mwake. Maluwawo ndi ofiira ngati belu, amiloza zisanu, opindika m'mbali, achikasu. M'kati mwake, maluwawo ali ndi utoto wofiyira mpaka 3 cm m'mimba mwake.
Schneider - Schneideriana
Maluwawo amadziwika kuti "Red Dragon". Mphukira imakhala mpaka 10 cm kutalika, 4-5-mbali, yobiriwira ndi zophuka zaminga. Maluwawo amakula m'munsi mwa chomeracho. Ndi yofiira kapena burgundy muutoto, sepal ndiyopangidwa ndi belu, petalyo imawoneka ngati nyenyezi yosongoka, yopindika kumapeto, ndi nsonga zochepa. Mkati mwa duwa muli burgundy yamdima.
Kunama - Procumbens
Chomeracho chili ndi mphukira yamphamvu kwambiri, koma m'mphepete mwake ndizokulirapo, ndikutuluka kochepa kopangidwa ndi impso. Maluwawo amatseguka akakhwima ndipo masamba ake asanu a beige amawonekera. Mkati mwake muli mphete yofiira mpaka 2 cm m'mimba mwake... Peduncle ndi yaying'ono, mpaka 8 cm.
Levy - Levyi
Chomera chowoneka modabwitsa. Mphukira zake ndizochepa, mpaka 6-7 cm wamtali, tetrahedral, wokhala ndi denticles. Peduncle amachoka pansi. Maluwawo satseguka kwathunthu, sepal imakhala yofanana ndi belu, phokosolo limakhala ndi mapiko 4 otalika, lakuthwa komanso 5-6. Maluwawo ndi achikasu otumbululuka, koma chonsecho chimakutidwa ndi dongosolo la madontho ofiira. M'kati mwake, maluwawo ndi ofiira.
Licha - Leachei
Mphukira ndi yayitali, yopyapyala, yokhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono ngati masamba, ofanana ndi mipesa. Pedicel ndi wamfupi komanso wowonda. Duwa limapangidwa ngati nyenyezi yosongoka, wachikasu wokhala ndi kadontho kofiira ndi papillae, ngati mulu, mkati. Pansi pa maluwawo ndi ofiira. Maluwa awiri mpaka 2-2.5 cm.
Pickaxe - Kirkii
Akuwombera mpaka masentimita asanu, pentahedral. Maluwawo amakula m'munsi. Sepal imatsegulidwa kumapeto kwa masentimita 2, m'mimba mwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 1. Petal imakhala ndi njira zisanu zopyapyala, zopangidwa ngati nyenyezi. Iyenso ndi wonyezimira wamawangamawanga ofiira.
Zokayikitsa - Confusa
Mphukira imakhala ndi mbali 4-5, zobiriwira buluu, mano ataliatali ndi munga m'mbali... Sepal ndi chikho, chikasu, nsonga za masambawo ndi zoyera, zakuthwa, zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofiira ndi mikwingwirima.
Malipiro afupikitsa - Brevirostris
Mitundu iyi ya Huernia imakhala kutalika mpaka masentimita 15. Zimayambira zimakhala ndi nthiti 4, pa ndege ya nthiti iliyonse pali mano ambiri. Maluwawo ndi otumbululuka achikasu kapena kirimu wonyezimira wokhala ndi kapezi.
Kusamalira kunyumba
Huernia ndi njira yabwino yosavuta yolambirira.
- Kuyatsa. Kuti pakhale zinthu zabwino, pamafunika kuyika maluwawo pazenera lakumwera kapena kum'mawa. Chomeracho chimafuna kuunika kochuluka komanso kuwala kwa dzuwa.
- Kutentha. Chomera cha nyengo yachipululu, motero, chimafuna kutentha ndi kutentha kwa 22 mpaka 27 0С. Koma m'nyengo yozizira, kuli bwino kusunga Guernia kutentha pafupifupi 16 ° C.
- Malo. Zokoma ndizochepa, chifukwa zimatha kupezeka paliponse, sizikusowa malo ambiri. Koma malowa ayenera kuyatsa kwambiri. Kuunikira kwakumwera kapena Kum'mawa ndikofunikira.
- Kuthirira. Zomera za mtundu wa Huernia ndizosagonjetsedwa ndi chilala. M'chaka ndi chilimwe, imafunika kuthirira pang'ono. M'dzinja, kuthirira kumayenera kuchepetsedwa, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira ndikosowa (pafupifupi kamodzi pamwezi). Chinyezi chowonjezera sichofunikira kwenikweni, koma Guernia imalekerera chilala bwino.
- Chinyezi chamlengalenga. Guernia safunikira kupopera mbewu ndi zina zowonjezera mpweya. Kuyanika kumavomerezeka pamtundu wa Huernia.
- Zovala zapamwamba. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa masika mpaka Seputembala, Guernia imamasula. Groundbait itha kukhala yoyenera panthawiyi. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa cacti osaposa kamodzi pamwezi.
- Nthaka. Duwa limafunikira mphika wawung'ono koma waukulu komanso ngalande zabwino kuti likule bwino. Nthaka yongoyerekeza: 1 h. Dothi la Sod, 1 h. Dothi lamasamba, 1 h. The acidity wa nthaka ayenera kukhala za 8, koma osapitirira.
- Kudulira. Popeza mphukira za Huernia ndizodziwika bwino komanso zazing'ono, safunika kudulira. Zitha kuchitika pokhapokha mukayika.
Kubereka
Nthawi zina mwini wa Guernia amakumana ndi ntchito yopezako masamba atsopano. Nthawi zambiri palibe zovuta ndi izi. Huernia imafalikira ndi mbewu kapena zodula.
Mbewu
Choyamba, mbewu zimabzalidwa m'miphika yosiyana, m'nthaka yamchenga kapena gawo lapadera la zokoma.
Mbeu zazing'ono zimatha kumera m'masabata 3-4... Nthaka imatha kuthiridwa pang'ono. Sikofunika kuphimba zotengera ndi zojambulazo kapena magalasi.
Mukatola, nyembazo zimabzalidwa m'miphika yosiyana.
Kufalitsa ndi mbewu za Guernia kulibe mawonekedwe apadera. Imeneyi ndi njira yosavuta yofalitsira chomeracho, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mbewu kumera ku Guernia ndikokwera kwambiri.
Zodula
- Cuttings amadulidwa kuchokera ku mphukira zazikulu.
- The cuttings ndi zouma ndiyeno anabzala mu okonzeka gawo lapansi (coarse mchenga ndi peat tchipisi).
- The cuttings mizu.
- Pambuyo pozika mizu, cuttings amabzalidwa mumiphika yaying'ono (pafupifupi 7 cm). Nthaka yobzala yafotokozedwa pamwambapa.
Tumizani
Kukhazikika kumalimbikitsidwa chaka chilichonse kumapeto kwa nyengo ngati wokomawo watha mphika wake. Ndibwino kuti muike mumphika 1-2 cm mulifupi kuposa kale.
cholozera: Mukamaika, mutha kudula mphukira zouma kapena kudula kosiyanasiyana kuti mufalikire.
Guernia imabzalidwa m'nthaka momwemo, momwe idakulira kale. Kuika kwa Huernia kulibe mawonekedwe apadera.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Choopseza chachikulu ku Huernia ndi mealybug. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambitsa mavuto osayerekezeka ku chomeracho. Mutha kuzipeza mukawona chovala choyera pamwamba pazomera.
Pofuna kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa, mankhwala apadera omwe amagulitsidwa m'masitolo ogulitsa maluwa angathandize.
Komanso, musaiwale za chiwopsezo cha mizu ndi tsinde zowola, zomwe zimatha kumera. Maonekedwe owola ndiye kuzindikira kwazomera zomwe zikusowa.
Pofuna kupewa kuvunda, m'pofunika kusunga chinyezi m'nthaka. Kutsatira malamulo othirira kudzapulumutsa zabwino zanu ku mliriwu. Musadzaze madzi kwambiri kapena kubzala nthawi zambiri. Izo sizichita ubwino uliwonse.
Zovuta zopezeka
- Mawanga akuda amatha kuwonekera pazitsulo za chiweto chanu. Izi ndi zotsatira za "kuwotcha" dzuwa likuwala. Koma, ngati chomeracho chilibe kuwala, chimayera. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kukhala osamala pazowunikira.
- Pakati pa nyengo yamaluwa ndi yokula, m'pofunika kudyetsa chomeracho ndikuchiwonjezera pang'ono kuposa masiku onse. Koma palinso, ndikofunikira kudziwa muyeso, chifukwa Huernia salola kubowoleza madzi kapena kupitirira muyeso. Kuthira madzi kumapangitsa kuti mizu iwonongeke nthawi yomweyo.
- Ngati kutentha sikutsika m'nyengo yozizira, chomeracho chidzakula pang'ono kuposa masiku onse, koma sichidzaphuka.
Mapeto
Huernia ndi duwa losiyanasiyana modabwitsa, losowa, lokongola komanso losavuta. Chokoma ichi chimazolowera kuzipululu, koma chimazika mizu kunyumba. Kusunga malamulo onse osamalira Guernia, mudzalandira mitundu yodabwitsa komanso yapadera yazomera zomwe muli nazo ndikuziwononga kwathunthu. Koma muyenera kumuganizira.