Wokongola wokongola - trichocereus

Chomera chodzichepetsa kwambiri chomwe chimatha kulimidwa kunyumba chimawerengedwa kuti ndi nkhadze. Sifunikira kuthiriridwa kawirikawiri, imazindikira mosavuta nyengo zosiyanasiyana.

Chofunikira ndikuti cacti satenga malo ambiri ndikuyeretsa bwino mpweya. Ngakhale kwa iwo omwe akufuna china chachilendo, mutha kusankha nkhadze yachilendo - trichocereus.

Munkhaniyi muwona chithunzi cha mitundu yayikulu ya nkhadze. Mupeza chisamaliro chomera chomwe chikufunika, momwe mungakulire panja. Tionanso njira zoberekera za trichocereus komanso momwe maluwa ake amathandizira.

Kufotokozera kwa botanical

Mtundu uwu wa nkhadze, womwe umabwera kuchokera ku South America. Masiku ano ndiwofala kwambiri m'nyumba, ndipo ndiwodziwika ku Russia.

Ndili ndi dzina la botaniki kuchokera ku liwu lachi Greek "trichos", lomwe limatanthauza tsitsi... Ichi ndi cactus yowongoka, yomwe tsopano ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi mchimwene wake "wakale". Mwasayansi amatchedwa "Echinopsis peruviana".

Trichocereus ili ndi thunthu lalikulu, imatha kukhala mpaka masentimita 16 m'mimba mwake komanso kuyambira 20 sentimita mpaka 3 mita kutalika. Thunthu lake lilibe nthiti zopitilira 12, pomwe pamakhala minga, yomwe imatha kutalika mpaka masentimita 10. Amamasula ndi maluwa oyera omwe ali ndi fungo labwino, maluwa amakula mpaka 10-25 masentimita. Mitundu ina, imamasula usiku wokha, koma mumitundu yamkati, maluwa samawoneka kawirikawiri.

Cactus idatchulidwa koyamba ndi amonke omwe adakhazikika ku Peru mu 200 BC. Amapanga chakumwa chapadera kuchokera ku trichocereus, chomwe amachitcha "Ahuma" - mankhwalawa amwambo adagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira matenda. Pambuyo pake, chomeracho chidafalikira ku Ecuador, Bolivia, Argentina ndi Chile. Kenako zinafika ku Ulaya, ndipo m'zaka za zana la 20, chomeracho chidagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati kambuku wamkati.

Mitundu ina ya trichocereus imakhala ndi poyizoni, imakhala ndi ma alkaloid ndipo imatha kuyambitsa ziwalo za dongosolo lamanjenje.

Mitundu yayikulu ndi zithunzi zawo

Pali mitundu ingapo yodziwika bwino ya nkhadze, ina yomwe nthawi zambiri imalimidwa kunyumba.

Kuyeretsa (Trichocereus Candicans)

Imodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya nkhadze. Ili ndi tsinde lowala kwambiri, kupindika kwake pang'ono kumakhala kovomerezeka. Minga yomwe imakhalapo imakula kuyambira masentimita awiri mpaka asanu ndi awiri. Mitsempha yake imakhala yachikaso kapena yoyera yoyera, yowongoka komanso yakuthwa. Cactus ili ndi maluwa - oyera ngati ma funnel mpaka masentimita 12 m'mimba mwake ndi 20 masentimita m'litali. Amamva kununkhira ngati kakombo. Zipatso zake ndizazikulu, zowulungika komanso zofiira..

Distance Mpongwe-San Pedro (Pachanoi)

Cactus iyi imatchedwanso "columnar" ndipo imachokera ku mtundu wa Echinopsis. Koma ndichizolowezi kuitcha San Pedro cactus.

Cactus amakula mpaka mita sikisi ndipo amakhala ndi mphukira zambiri. Kutalika kwake, nkhadze yayikulu imakhala ndi nthiti zisanu ndi zitatu, pomwe pamakhala mitundu isanu mpaka isanu ndi iwiri ya bulauni kapena yakuda. Mitunduyi imakhala mpaka mainchesi awiri kutalika. Maluwa a nkhadze ndi oyera, owoneka ngati chubu, mpaka 23 cm, ndipo chubu chomwecho chimakhala ndi tsitsi lakuda. Cactus wotere amakula mwachangu, sizolowera kumakula mchipinda..

Chiwombankhanga cha Peruvia (Peruvianus)

Mtundu wa nkhadze wokula msanga womwe udabwera kuchokera ku Andes. Kunja, sizimasiyana ndi San Pedro cactus, kusiyana kokha ndi minga yakuda ndikukula kwambiri kuposa abale ake.

Cactus ya Peruvia imakhalanso ndi mescaline yambiri, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi poizoni komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Lumby nthiti (Thelegonus)

Ili ndi phesi lobiriwira lakuda, lomwe limawoneka kuti likufalikira ndikutuluka pang'ono. Momwemo Cactus kutalika kwake kumafika mamita awiri, ndipo m'lifupi mwake mpaka masentimita 8... Ili ndi msana mpaka sentimita imodzi ndi theka kutalika. Pakatikati pali msana umodzi wolimba, womwe umakhala wa masentimita 4 kutalika. Mtundu wa spines umakhala wachikaso mpaka imvi komanso wakuda. Maluwawo amakula oyera ndi akulu, zipatso zake ndizofiira mpaka 5 masentimita kutalika.

Makona akulu (Macrogonus)

Zimayambira ndi mtundu wobiriwira wabuluu. Cactus ili ndi mitsempha yakuthwa 1.5 mainchesi kutalika, msana wapakati ukhoza kufikira masentimita atatu. Mitembo imakhala yakuda kapena yakuda. Maluwawo ndi oyera, mpaka masentimita 10 m'mimba mwake. Zipatso mu mawonekedwe a mipira, mainchesi asanu m'mimba mwake. Mbeu zake ndi zazikulu komanso zonyezimira. Imadziwika kuti ndi nkhono zabwino kwambiri zoswana.

Msuzi (Spachianus)

Ndi nkhadze yamtengo. Ali ndi zaka zinayi mpaka zisanu, mphukira imawonekera pa tsinde, ikukula mofanana ndi tsinde lalikulu. Mitambo imakhala yagolide, tsinde lake limakhala lobiriwira. Pansi pazakuthupi ndizosatheka kukwaniritsa maluwa amtunduwu., koma m'malo osungira zobiriwira amasamba ndi maluwa oyera mpaka masentimita 15 m'mimba mwake. Mtundu uwu wa cactus umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitsa cha mitundu yofooka.

Wachinyamata

Chomeracho chimafika mpaka mamita khumi ndi awiri kutalika kwake mpaka masentimita makumi anayi ndi asanu m'mimba mwake. Nthiti zazitali masentimita eyiti mpaka khumi ndi anayi.Miyendo yachikasu masentimita eyiti mpaka khumi ndi asanu kutalika. Maluwa ake ndi oyera, ataliatali - mpaka 20 sentimita. Mitundu yake ndi yakuda komanso yayitali.

Bridgesii

Ili ndi thunthu lobiriwira lakuda lokhala ndi mikwingwirima yoyera, limatha kutalika kwa 4 - 5 mita. Ili ndi nthiti zosalongosoka zokhala ndi minyewa yachikaso yomwe ndi yayitali masentimita 8 mpaka 10 kutalika. M'chipinda cham'chipinda, sizachilendo, popeza ndizokwera kwambiri... Ili ndi maluwa oyera achikasu, mpaka masentimita 20 kutalika.

Kodi kusamalira kunyumba?

Mitundu ina ya cacti imatha kubzalidwa kunyumba. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusamala kuti muchoke.

Kutentha

M'chilimwe, nkhadze ndi modzichepetsa ndipo imasinthasintha mosavuta kusowa kwa dzuwa, ndipo kutentha sikumauma. Ndibwino kuti muzisunga kutentha kwakukulu - madigiri makumi awiri mphambu makumi awiri mphambu asanu. M'nyengo yozizira, nkhadzeyo imafuna chipinda chozizira komanso chosasangalatsa, kutentha kumakhala pafupifupi madigiri khumi. Kusintha kwakuthwa sikuloledwa, popeza chomeracho chili mu mtundu wina wa "hibernation".

Ndikofunikanso kulabadira kuti chomeracho sichipitilira kutentha ndipo sichimaima pafupi ndi zida zotenthetsera.

Kuthirira

Trichocereus amathiriridwa ndi kudziletsa, chifukwa sakonda chinyezi chochuluka. Cactus imafunikira kuthirira nthawi yayitali pakukula - kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira... Madziwo ayenera kukhala otentha kutentha komanso ofewa, simungathe kutsanulira madzi ozizira, chifukwa chomeracho "chimatha kudwala". M'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kuthirira madzi pafupipafupi, ndipo makamaka m'miyezi yozizira mpaka kamodzi milungu itatu kapena inayi.

Kuwala

Cacti amakonda kuwala, kotero mutha kuziyika pazenera tsiku lonse. M'chipinda chamdima kwambiri, amayamba kuwuma, ndipo maluwa ake amafota. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiwonetsetse kuti cacti amatembenuzidwa kuti ayang'ane dzuwa pafupipafupi momwe angathere.

Kuyambitsa

Trichocereus imakula bwino m'nthaka yamchere... Nyimbo zosiyanasiyana zadothi ndizabwino, zomwe zimaphatikizapo: mchenga, peat, perlite, nthaka yamunda, pumice wosweka, miyala, kompositi.

Kudulira

Zimapangidwa pokhapokha ngati chomeracho chikudwala ndi china chake. Pachifukwa ichi muyenera:

1. tengani ubweya wapadera wamaluwa;
2. dulani mosamala malo owonongeka, koma osakhudza thunthu la mtengowo;
3. Ndibwino kuti muzitsatira nkhadze ndi mayankho apadera;
4. kudulira kumatha kuchitika kokha mchaka.

Nthawi zambiri amadulira cactus kuti idule mizu yake kuti ikonzenso chomeracho. Ndi kudulira koteroko, simuyenera kuyika chomera chodulidwa kumene m'madzi kapena gawo lapansi - pali kuthekera kwakukulu kovunda.

Zovala zapamwamba

"Zakudya" zabwino kwambiri ndi feteleza wozikidwa pa phosphorous ndi superphosphate... Laimu imalimbikitsidwanso, koma siyingathe kuphatikizidwa ndi nthaka acidic ndi feteleza zamchere. Pachikhalidwe ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza owuma, koma zina zimatha kuwonjezera.

Mphika

Mphika wadothi wapakatikati amalimbikitsidwa kubzala mbewu. Cactus iyenera kukhala yotakata, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale malo opitilira kukula. Cactus ikamakula mwamphamvu, imayenera kuikidwanso mumphika wokulirapo.

Ndibwino kuti mupewe chidebe cha pulasitiki ndikugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe.

Tumizani

Trichocereus imafunikira kumuika zaka ziwiri zilizonse, ngakhale chomeracho chili kale zaka zambiri.

1. muyenera kugula mphika wamaluwa wokulirapo;
2. onjezerani gawo lapansi ndi superphosphates kwa izo;
3. zidutswa zadothi zakale zitha kuwonjezedwa pansi;
4. mosamala kukumbani chomeracho mumphika wakale;
5. ikani yatsopano, kukumba pansi;
6. madzi;
7. onjezerani utsi wothira pang'ono ku chomeracho.

Nyengo yozizira

Chomeracho chimapita ku hibernation m'nyengo yozizira, choncho sichiyenera kuthirira nthawi zambiri. Ndikokwanira kupukuta ndi nsalu yonyowa pokonza, onetsetsani kuti dothi lisaume kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, nkhadze imakhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana omwe amayamba chifukwa chosowa michere.komanso mpweya wozizira kwambiri. Onetsetsani kutentha kwa firiji ndi kutentha kwa madzi omwe mumathirira mbewuyo.

Kulima panja

Nthawi zambiri, mitundu yayikulu ya nkhadze imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsa ndipo imabzalidwa panja. Kuti trichocereus izike, muyenera kusankha mosamala njira zotsikira ndi kusamalira.

Makamaka ayenera kulipidwa panthaka. Nthaka yabwino ndichofunikira pakukula kwa cacti. Trichocereus amakonda nthaka yamchere yamchere.

Nthaka ya cactus imagwira ntchito, koma itha kusintha bwino powonjezera gawo limodzi la chakudya cha mafupa kapena mwala wa pumice. Trichoceruses ali ndi mizu yolemera komanso njira zambiri, amafunikira malo oyandikira pafupi ndi mitundu ina yazomera. Kuthirira panja sikofunikira nthawi zambiri, makamaka ngati pali magwero ena a chinyezi. Ndipo sikofunikira konse kuphimba chomeracho ndi dzuwa, chimazolowera msanga ngakhale kunyezimira kwa dzuwa.

Kubereka

Pali mitundu iwiri yobzala nkhadze - pogwiritsa ntchito mbewu ndi tsinde.

Tsinde cuttings

1. Dulani phesi.
2. Yanikani zodulira masiku angapo mu kabati kapena malo ena ouma, amdima.
3. Onjezani gawo lonyowa pamalo obzala ndikunyowetsa nthaka.
4. Bzalani chomera mmenemo.

Mbewu

Kukula kwa Trichocereus kuchokera ku mbewu kumafuna dothi labwino.

1. Sankhani dothi lamchenga lokhala ndi ngalande yoyenera.
2. Gwiritsani miphika yaying'ono ya ceramic kumera.
3. Kutentha kumera kumayenera kukhala mpaka 30 digiri Celsius.
4. Kudzera mumtsinjewo, muyenera kutambasula zingwe zing'onozing'ono zothonje ndikutsitsa mumtsuko wamadzi.
5. Kuchokera pamwambapa, ngalandeyo iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi dothi ndikuyika pakati pa mbewu ya nkhadze.
6. Fukani mbewu ndi nthaka yaying'ono.
7. Mphika uyenera kuikidwa mu chidebe cha pulasitiki chowonekera ndi chivindikiro.
8. Iyenera kuwululidwa.
9. Kuthirira kumayenera kuchitika nthaka ikauma ndi botolo la utsi.

Pachimake

Mtundu uliwonse wa Trichocereus umamasula nthawi ina... Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ma trichocereus ambiri amabisala m'nyengo yozizira.

Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe a maluwa amatha kupezeka mchaka kapena chilimwe.

Maluwa amtundu uliwonse amakhalanso osiyana. Amakhala oyera komanso owoneka ngati chubu, ndipo ena amanunkhira ngati kakombo.

Maluwa amagwa mofulumira, kotero simuyenera kuyesa kuwasunga.

Mutatha maluwa, ndikwanira kuchotsa masamba akugwa ndipo, ngati nthawi yafika, muyenera kubzala mbewuyo mu nthaka ina.

Tizirombo ndi matenda

Matenda ndi zotsatira za chisamaliro chosayenera cha nkhadze... Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amakhumudwitsa trichocereus ndi mealybug. Muyenera kuthana nawo mothandizidwa ndi tizirombo tomwe timapopera mofananira ndi thunthu la chomeracho.

Zomera zofanana

Ambiri mwa abale ake ndi ofanana ndi trichocereus cactus. Mwa iwo:

• Kusokoneza;
• Masewera olimbitsa thupi;
• Ariocarpus;
• Cephalocereus.

Mapeto

Trichocereus ndi chomera chomwe chimamveka bwino kunyumba komanso kuthengo, chinthu chachikulu pakukula kwake ndi maluwa ndikutentha kozungulira madigiri 20, kuthirira kochuluka koma koyenera, komanso nthaka yabwino ndi nthaka yamchere.

Onerani kanemayo: Repotting a San Pedro Cactus Echinopsis Pachanoi. Repot a Cactus (July 2024).