Momwe mungakulitsire mitundu yazoyimira maluwa: maluwa odulira maluwa nthawi yophukira

Rose ndi mfumukazi yamaluwa. Mwachilengedwe, chikhumbo cha alimi ambiri amaluwa kuti azibwezeretsanso "pinki" ndi mitundu yatsopano komanso yosangalatsa. Njira yabwino kwambiri yosankhira mfumukazi yam'munda ndi kudula. Njira iyi kugwa kunyumba sikungakhale kovuta ngati mukudziwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito malamulo ake oyambira. Momwe mungamere duwa kuchokera ku cuttings mu kugwa ndikukula, tikukuuzani m'nkhani yathu.

Kodi kumezanitsa ndi chiyani?

Kudula ndi gawo logawanika mwapadera la masamba (tsamba, mphukira), lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa mbewu, ndipo kudula ndi kufalikira kwa mbewu pogwiritsa ntchito kudula.

Ubwino wapadera pakufalitsa njirayi ndi cholowa cha zonse zomwe mayi amamera ndi mphukira zazing'ono, kumasuka kupeza zinthu zobzala (mwanjira iyi, ngakhale maluwa ochokera kumaluwa atha kufalikira). Komanso Zomera zomwe zimapezeka ndi cuttings sizipanga mizu ndipo zimapilira nyengo yozizira bwino.

Zomera zomwe zimakula kuchokera ku cuttings zimakhala ndi moyo wautali. Pali vuto limodzi lokha: zingakhale bwino ngati maluwa achichepere atakhala nyengo yachisanu yoyamba m'chipinda chapansi, chifukwa sanakhwime ndipo alibe nthawi yopanga mizu yamphamvu. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti wamaluwa akuyenera kulimbikira kuti atetezeke.

Kodi ndingadule liti?

Maluwa nthawi zambiri amadulidwa mu Epulo - Meyi kapena Juni - Julayi, nthawi yachakudya chomeracho. Koma N'zotheka kudula mfumukazi ya maluwa m'dzinja, podulira mbewu m'nyengo yozizira. Kudulira uku kumasiya nthambi zambiri zabwino kwambiri zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudula cuttings.

Palibe nthawi yapadziko lonse lapansi yocheka mdulidwe, zimatengera kudera komwe kuli. Chizindikiro - dziko la tchire: ngati masamba amafota ndikuyamba kugwa, mutha kuyamba kudula mphukira kuti muberekane.

Zapadera za ntchito yophukira

Zodula zakumapeto kwa duwa zimasungidwa mpaka masika kapena zimabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo pansi. Cuttings odulidwa kugwa amabzalidwa pamalo otseguka komanso mu "cuttings" - mabedi okonzedwa mwapadera oti akhazikitse mizu yobzala.

Njira yozika mizu mu "cuttings" ndikubzala cuttings mu ngalande zokumbidwa m'nthaka. Kuzama kwawo ndi masentimita 30, pansi pake pali udzu (2/3 wa voliyumu yonse), malo onsewo ali ndi kompositi (10 cm).

Cuttings amaikidwa m'manda ndi 2/3 mu gawo lapansi, mtunda pakati pawo ndi 5 - 7 cm... Kuchokera pamwambapa, chilichonse chimakutidwa ndi chinthu chapadera kuti chikapangitse kutentha (pulasitiki, agrofibre, lutrasil).

Komabe, alimi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti akadali bwino kubzala cuttings nthawi yomweyo kumalo okhazikika, amakhala ndi nkhawa zochepa ndikukhazikika bwino.

Pachifukwa ichi, mtunda pakati pa tchire la mtsogolo uyenera kukhala 0,6 - 1.5 m, kutengera mitundu yazomera.

Momwe mungayambire chomera pansi pansi pa mtsuko?

1. Kufufuza ndi zida... Mufunika mpeni wamaluwa kapena secateurs kudula cuttings. Zida izi zimayenera kunola ndikuchulukitsa ndi mowa kuti muteteze matenda. Mufunikanso mabotolo apulasitiki (1L - 5L) okhala ndi mabowo opangidwa pansi polowetsa mpweya kapena chidebe chagalasi.

   M'nyengo yophukira, kuti mizu iyambe bwino, maluwa odulidwa amafunika zinthu zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi kutentha (kutentha kwambiri, chinyezi 80-90%). Ndibwino kuti muphimbe ndi botolo lagalasi kapena botolo la pulasitiki litadulidwa mukangoyika zodulira. Chidebechi chikuyenera kukhala chowonekera, pansi pake padzapangidwa microclimate yabwino, yothandiza kumera kwa mbande. Mabanki amachotsedwa pokhapokha nyengo yachisanu mchaka.

2. Kukonzekera kwa nthaka... Kuyika mizu kumachitika panthaka yothiridwa bwino, yopatsa thanzi. Chisakanizo chotsatirachi ndi choyenera: mchenga, humus, nthaka yoyaka mulingo wa 1: 1: 2

   Musaiwale za ngalande (mchenga, njerwa zosweka, dongo lokulitsa) ngati kudula kumabzalidwa mu chidebe. Alimi ena amazika mizu motere: kukumba dzenje lodulira 30 cm ndikudzazitsa 2/3 ndi udzu ndikuwaza kompositi.

3. Kudula cuttings... Kuchokera panthambi zomwe zimadulidwa nthawi yophukira kwa duwa, mphukira zathanzi zimasankhidwa popanda kuwonongeka kowonekera (ndibwino ngati awa ndi mphukira zazing'ono kapena zapachaka zokhala ndi khungu lobiriwira kapena lofiirira), m'mimba mwake muli 4 - 5 mm.

   Mphukira iliyonse iyenera kudulidwa mzidutswa, iliyonse yomwe imayenera kukhala ndi masamba 3 - 5 otukuka (15 - 25 cm). Chodula chapamwamba chimapangidwa 2 - 3 cm pamwamba pa impso chapamwamba, ndipo chakumunsi chimapangidwa pansipa pamunsi pa impso.

4. Processing cuttings... Kudulidwa kotsika pansi pa impso pachipangizo kumapangidwa mozungulira madigiri a 45 kuti akwaniritse malo olumikizirana ndi nthaka. Chodula chapamwamba ndi chowongoka. Masamba apamwamba (2 - 3) pakucheka ayenera kusiya, koma ndi bwino kuzidula (kawiri - kawiri) kuti muchepetse malo amvula. Masamba ndi minga zapansi ziyenera kuchotsedwa.

   Ngati kusungira m'nyengo yozizira sikukonzekera, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti muzitsatira zocheperako ndi chilichonse chomwe chingalimbikitse rooting, mwachitsanzo, "Muzu", "Heteroauxin" kapena "Kornevin".

5. Kufika... M'chaka, ndi kuyamba kwa masiku ofunda, mizu yodula imabzalidwa pansi pamalo okhazikika. Rose amakonda kuwala, kutentha, salola kulembetsa.

   Zachidziwikire, ndibwino ngati kumuika kumachitika mwa njira yosamutsira: duwa laling'ono, limodzi ndi chiboda chadothi, limachotsedwa mumphika wakale ndipo, osagwedezeka padziko lapansi, limayikidwa mu dzenje lobzala. Ngati zidutswazo zidabzalidwa pansi, ndiye kuti ziyenera kuziikidwa mosamala, ndikukumba limodzi ndi nthaka yoyandikana nayo.

6. Kuyika mizu... Mutha kuzula duwa mumphika wapulasitiki wosiyana, idzaikidwanso pansi: sitepe iyi ithandizira kwambiri kubzala mbewu zazing'ono pamalo okhazikika, zomwe zidzachitike posintha. Pangani kukhumudwa pang'ono mu gawo lapansi, kutsanulira mumphika, ndi ndodo yamatabwa, momwe kudula kumagwera mozungulira madigiri 45 (1/3 ya mphukira kapena masamba 1-2 amakhalabe pamwamba pa nthaka).

   Ngati mutayesa kumangirira pansi popanda kuthandizidwa ndi ndodo, ndiye kuti pali chiopsezo chovulala kumatumba ophimbawo.

   Nthaka yozungulira kudula imaphwanyidwa mopepuka ndi manja kuti ikonzeke bwino, imathiriridwa ndi madzi.

   Chomeracho, choikidwa mumphika woti tichotseretu mizu, chimabzalidwa mwachindunji ndi chidebe pansi, chokutidwa ndi botolo la pulasitiki kapena botolo pamwamba.

7. Kusamaliranso... Nthaŵi ndi nthawi, duwa pansi pa mtsuko liyenera kuthiriridwa. Ndipo chisanayambike chisanu, mabotolo kapena zitini ziyenera kukonkhedwa ndi nthaka ndikuphimbidwa ndi zinthu zosaluka.

   Muthanso kuteteza malo obzala ndi udzu. Zitha kulumikizidwa ndi udzu wouma kapena peat.

Zambiri pazomwe mungakulire duwa kuchokera ku cuttings, za cuttings, kuzika mizu ndi chisamaliro chomera, zitha kupezeka mu buku lina.

Kodi kusunga kubzala mpaka masika?

• Kusunga m'firiji kapena pazenera lozizira.

  Zodulidwazo sizimangirizidwa mwamphamvu, zokutidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa kapena pepala lonyowa, zomwe zimayikidwa m'thumba la pulasitiki ndikuyika pashelefu pansi pa firiji kapena pazenera lozizira.

  Monga njira: ma cuttings adakulungidwa ndi moss - sphagnum, omwe kale anali atanyowetsedwa ndi Fitosporin - M. Pofuna kuti mtolo womwewo ungasokonekere, mutha kukonza ndi ulusi wa thonje. Zonsezi zimayikidwa m'thumba la pulasitiki, kenako pamashelefu m'firiji wamasamba.

• Yosungirako chapansi... Analimbikitsa kutentha kutentha - + 2C - + 5C. Chidebechi chimadzaza ndi peat ndi mchenga wothira mofanana. Gulu la cuttings liyikidwa mmenemo, lomwe limaponyedwa mu theka la kutalika pamtunda wa madigiri 45. Pamwamba pazikhala zokutira ndi thumba la pulasitiki, makamaka zakuda.
• Yosungirako panja... Mwa njirayi, ndikofunikira kukumba dzenje lakuya lokwanira (15 cm) ndi m'lifupi. Pansi pa dzenje liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi zokutira (makamaka burlap) ndi malire okwanira kuphimba zidutswazo kuchokera pamwamba.

  Pamwamba, pezani zodulidwazo ndi masamba omwe achotsedwa patali wina ndi mzake, muphimbe ndi zokutira, ndikuziwaza ndi nthaka.

  Pambuyo pokumba m'chaka, callus idzawoneka kale pazidutswa, zomwe ziyenera kusamalidwa pochotsa mphukira. Ayenera kubzalidwa nthawi yomweyo tsiku lomwelo akakumba.

Zambiri zamomwe mungasungire maluwa odulira m'nyengo yozizira zafotokozedwanso mwapadera.

Mavuto ndi zovuta pakubwera, njira zothetsera

Vuto lalikulu ndikumalumikiza kumtengowu ndikuti maluwa samakhazikika.

Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo:

1. Kapangidwe kosayenera ka nthaka: duwa limagwira mwamphamvu chifukwa chosowa michere komanso zinthu zina. Ngati nthaka ndi yosauka, ndiye kuti iyenera "kudyetsedwa" ndi humus, kompositi.
2. Mtundu wa duwa womwe sudzipereka kokha kumtengo... Mwachitsanzo, kunja maluwa ku bouquets. Asanayende, amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala apadera omwe amasokoneza mkhalidwe wa mphukira.
3. Mmerawo sunakhazikike: Phesi lozikika nthawi yophukira ndi lofooka kwambiri, mphamvu zake sizokwanira nyengo yachisanu palokha. Iyenera kuyimitsidwa!

Kutha ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri pachaka kwa odulira. Zomera zomwe zimabzalidwa kuti zizikhazikika nthawi yogwa ndizolimba, zimalandiridwa mwachangu ndipo zimakondweretsa wolima maluwa oyamba mchilimwe.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwonere kanema wonena za kudula maluwa nthawi yophukira: