Njira zothetsera nsabwe za m'masamba pamitengo yazipatso

Masika ndi nthawi yakudzuka kwa zamoyo zonse! Utsi mu zomera umayamba kuthamanga ndi mphamvu zatsopano, masamba oyamba ndi masamba amawonekera. Koma pamodzi ndi zomera zopindulitsa, nyama zimadzuka, zokonzeka kuwononga mbewu zathu.

Nsabwe za m'masamba sizinyalanyaza mitengo kapena zitsamba. Olima dimba amathera khama komanso ndalama zambiri kuti alimbane nawo. Kupewa ndikuwononga gawo ili la tizirombo lili ndi njira zingapo zaukadaulo.

Mitundu ya tizilombo pazomera zam'munda

Nsabwe za m'masamba ndi banja la tizilombo ta hemiptera. Kukula kwake kumakhala pakati pa 5 mpaka 7 mm, amatha kuwuluka kuchokera kumalo kupita kumalo, mitundu ina ilibe mapiko. Mothandizidwa ndi mphepo, nsabwe za m'masamba zitha kunyamulidwa mpaka 25 km. Tizilomboto timaberekana komanso timayikira mazira nthawi yachisanu.

Mitengo yolimidwa imakhudzidwa ndi mitundu ingapo ya nsabwe za m'masamba:

1. Yablonnaya (ndulu yofiira (imvi), wobiriwira, wamagazi) - nsabwe za imvi zimatha kuwononga mtengo wonse ngati simulimbana nawo.

   Ngakhale dzinalo, mtundu uwu ukhozanso kupatsira mitengo ina yazipatso.

2. tcheri - Amakhudza yamatcheri ndi yamatcheri okoma, mazira awo ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. Tizilombo tikasiyidwa, zimawononga zipatso.
3. Mealy (furry) - amakonda kukhazikika zipatso za zipatso, mphesa. Amachulukana mofulumira kwambiri ndipo amatsogolera mbewuyo kuimfa.
4. Mapepala - parasitizes nthawi yotentha kwambiri. Zimakhudza mitengo yodula, imakopa nyerere kuposa ena (werengani za Sympiosis ya nsabwe za m'masamba ndi nyerere apa).
5. Kutentha (fodya, pichesi) - imayambitsa bowa mwaye pazomera, ndiye chonyamula cha matenda a tizilombo. Ngati sanasamalidwe, zipatso zamiyala yamiyala amataya zokolola zake.

Tidakambirana zambiri za mitundu ya nsabwe za m'masamba, za nsabwe za apulo ndi mitundu ina yofotokozedwa pano.

Zingavulaze bwanji?

Nsabwe imodzi yokha siyimatha kuwononga chomeracho, koma kuthekera kwake kwakubereketsa mwachangu kumabweretsa midzi yambiri.

• Nsabwe za m'masamba zimakhala pa chomera ndipo zimayamwa timadziti (za zomwe nsabwe za m'masamba zimadya ndi mbewu zomwe zimakhudza, fufuzani apa, za kumene nsabwe za m'masamba zimakhala ndi kumene zimachokera, werengani apa). M'malo awa, malo akufa amapangidwa. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuyanika kwa mphukira zazing'ono ndikutaya zipatso.
• Zinthu zotsekemera (uchi) zotulutsidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba zimatha kukopa nyerere, zomwe zimateteza njuchi ku tizilombo toopsa kwa iwo.
• Phatilo limaphimba masambawo motero limathandizira kukula kwa bowa pa iwo, pomwe bowa limasokoneza kayendedwe ka photosynthesis.
• Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sikuti timangovulaza zokha, komanso timakhala tonyamula tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Nsabwe za m'masamba zimatha kuyendayenda kuchokera ku mtundu wina wa chomera kupita ku china, pakusintha kwa nyengo.

Zizindikiro za kufalikira kwa nsabwe za m'masamba:

• mphukira zazing'ono ndi masamba zimaphimbidwa ndi masango a nsabwe za m'masamba;
• tizilombo tambiri timasonkhana pansi pa masamba;
• tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ta khungu la nsabwe ndi khungu lawo lakale;
• masamba ndi masamba okutidwa ndi uchi wokhathamira;
• masamba okhudzidwa amakota ndikuuma;
• masamba omwe akhudzidwa samakula.

Njira zothetsera

Njira zowongolera Aphid:

1. Mankhwala, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Njira yachangu, yothandiza komanso yosavuta, koma kukonzekera komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zipatso kumatha kuvulaza nyama ndi anthu.
2. Zachilengedwe - mothandizidwa ndi izi, adani achilengedwe amakopeka. Njira yosamalira zachilengedwe komanso yotetezeka. Zotsatira zake ziyenera kudikirira ndipo sizikutsimikizira kuti tizilombo titha kutheratu.
3. Njira zachikhalidwe - yotsika mtengo, yotetezeka, yopangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosasinthika, sizothandiza kwenikweni.

Gwiritsani ntchito nthaka

Kuthirira nthaka ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndikothandiza polimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Pofuna kuteteza tizilombo pamitengo, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri. Koma, Kulima moyenera kungathandize kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa nsabwe za m'masamba:

• Kukumba nthaka kugwa kapena kasupe kumathandizira kuzindikira ndikuwononga mazira a tizilombo.
• Kuthirira nthaka ndi ammophos hood.
• Kuthirira nkhuni phulusa.
• Kudzala mbewu zapadera zomwe zimathamangitsa nsabwe za m'masamba (coriander, timbewu tonunkhira, anyezi, fennel, katsabola, yarrow, dandelion).

Chenjezo! Mankhwala amachitidwe (kuthirira njira, mapiritsi omwe amangika pansi) amalowetsedwa ndi mizu ya chomeracho ndipo amatha kuwononga thanzi la anthu.

Momwe mungapangire zipatso za zipatso, komanso zomwe muyenera kupopera?

Kwa wamaluwa ambiri, masika amayamba ndi kusamalira mitengo yazipatso.

1. kudulira nthambi zopanda thanzi ndikuchotsa masamba otsala;
2. kuyeretsa thunthu, kukulunga thunthu ndi matumba kapena makatoni, ndikupaka mafuta (kupewa nyerere kupita ku thunthu lamtengo).

Njira zoterezi zimalimbikitsidwa nthawi yophukira, koma zithandizanso mchaka.

Nthambi zodulidwa ziyenera kuwotchedwa, zotsatira za moto sizisiya mpata wopulumuka kwa tizirombo.

Kupopera kumayenera kuchitika mosamala, kotero kuti nthambi zonse ndi masamba azinyowa kwambiri. Yankho sililowa masamba okugudubuzika, chifukwa chake musanachitike, muyenera kuchotsa madera omwe ali ndi kachilomboka.

Nthawi yopopera:

• nthambi, masamba asanatsegule;
• pamaso maluwa;
• pambuyo maluwa, nthawi yamchiberekero;
• mwezi umodzi zokolola zisanachitike;
• kutatsala milungu itatu kuti mukolole, muyenera kusiya kupopera mitengo.

Kukonzekera kulamulira nsabwe:

1. Neonicotinoids:
   • Aktara (thiamethoxam), Confidor (imidacloprid) - wopangira kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Ogwira ntchito kwambiri, okwera mtengo, osasamba mvula. Kugwiritsa ntchito 4g pa 5 malita a madzi.
   • Tanrek (imidacloprid), kumwa 3 ml pa 10 malita a madzi.
   • Kuthetheka Zolotaya (imidacloprid), kumwa 5 ml pa 10 malita a madzi.
2. Organophosphorus mankhwala:
   • Actellic (pirimifos-methyl);
   • Karbofos;
   • Anti-mite;
   • Chilankhulo;
   • Fufanon.

   Pali kukana kowonjezereka kwa mankhwalawa.

3. Pyrethroids: chilolezo (Kinmiks, Decis, Profi, Inta-Vir).
4. Zamoyo:
   • Fitoverm;
   • Akarin.

   Samalowerera mu zipatso ndi masamba, ndipo alibe poizoni wa njuchi maola 4 atalandira chithandizo. Chitani izi pokhapokha kutentha kwamlengalenga kwa 18-20˚˚!

Kukana kumayamba m'njira iliyonse pakapita nthawi, chifukwa chake tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musinthe mankhwalawa nthawi iliyonse.

Zofunika! Valani zovala zodzitchinjiriza ndi chigoba pamene mukupopera mankhwala!

Makhalidwe a nkhondoyi

Pa ma plums

1. Chotsani ziwalo zonse zomwe zili ndi kachilombo.
2. Tengani thunthu lake kuti muteteze ku nyerere.
3. Sanjani bwino mizu ndi Fitoverm.
4. Lumikizanani ndi kuchitapo kanthu:
   • Mkwiyo, Karbofos, Arrivo, Fufan. Poizoniyo amakumana ndi chigamba chapamwamba cha tizilombo, kenako timamwalira.
   • Kukonzekera komwe kumakhala ndi mkuwa (Decis, Karbofos) amafunsidwanso kuti apopera mankhwala atangotha ​​maluwa.
   • Mankhwala amachitidwe (Aktara ndi ma analogues) amalowa mumtsinje, tizilombo timafa tikamadyetsedwa ndi mpweya wonyezimira.
   • Kuwonongeka kwa m'mimba (Confidor, BI-58) - kumwalira atangolowa poizoni m'mimba.
   • Kusintha ndi zinthu zamoyo: Akarin, Fitoverm.
   • Kusintha panthawi ya fruiting: kukonzekera "30 kuphatikiza", kumapanga kanema pamwamba pa khungwa, pomwe chinyezi ndi mpweya sizimapezeka, ndipo tizilombo timafa.
5. Kukhazikitsanso mankhwala pambuyo pa masiku asanu.
6. Kupopera ndi potaziyamu monophosphate (15g pa 10l madzi).
7. Kupopera mbewu ndi infusions zitsamba (fodya, marigolds, adyo, yarrow, phwetekere ndi nsonga za mbatata).

Njira zachikhalidwe zimalimbikitsa:

• Kukopa kachilomboka (maluwa a calendula amabzalidwa pa izi) Werengani za kulimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba mothandizidwa ndi ma ladybug apa.
• Kudyetsa mtengowu ndi potaziyamu sulphate (supuni 3 pa chidebe chamadzi) kumathandiza kuchepetsa kukula kwa nsabwe za m'masamba.

Zofunika! Pakati pa maluwa, simungathe kuwononga nsabwe za m'masamba! Itha kupha njuchi ndi ma drones.

Pa mandimu

Ma mandimu amakula kumadera otentha komanso achinyezi, zoterezi zimakondedwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri zimaukira zipatso za zipatso.

Mankhwala othandiza kwambiri ndi mankhwala ogulitsa mafakitale:

1. Fitoverm - itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu wowonjezera kutentha komanso kunyumba, kukonza kumachitika kangapo ndikumapuma sabata.
2. Kuthetheka Golide - mankhwala ophera tizilombo tating'ono, otetezedwa kunthaka ndi zomera; gwiritsani ntchito m'nyumba momwe mungayendere mpweya wabwino.
3. Dichlorvos - wowopsa komanso wowopsa, mtengo wam'nyumba umayikidwa m'thumba ndi chopukutira chopangidwa ndi dichlorvos) kwa maola angapo. Pambuyo pa ndondomekoyi, tsambani masambawo ndi madzi.

Ngati nsabwe za m'masamba zili zazikulu kwambiri, m'pofunika kuchotsa madera omwe ali ndi kachilombo, kuphimba nthaka mumphika ndi thumba, ndikutsuka korona ndi madzi a sopo ndi burashi lofewa.

Patatha masiku ochepa kuchokera pomwe zidapangidwazo, perekani mtengowo ndi "Epin" kuti ukule bwino.

Njira zodzitetezera

Ndibwino kuti muteteze kugwa, ndiye kuti nthawi yachilimwe mudzakhala ndi ntchito yochepa yoyembekezera:

1. Dulani ndi kuwotcha malo onse okhudzidwa ndi mitengo. Chitani mitengo ikuluikulu ndi kudula malo ndi njereza.
2. Dutsani zomera ndi madzi otentha (70-80˚С), bwerezani ndondomekoyi kumapeto (mpaka mphukira). Madzi otentha amatha kusinthidwa ndi njira ya Nitrofen (300 g pa 10 malita a madzi).
3. Kuwononga ndulu za nyerere pafupi ndi mitengo mwa kutsanulira madzi otentha pa izo.
4. Thirirani, thirani manyowa, ndikuwaza ndi kuwerengera mitengo nthawi zonse.
5. Chotsani zitsamba zosafunikira pafupipafupi. Masamba ofewa ndi osakhwima a mphukira adzakopa chidwi cha nsabwe za m'masamba.
6. Chotsani makungwa akale, osenda, izi zitha kuteteza tizirombo kuti tisadutsemo.
7. Tchire la Viburnum ndi linden limakopa nsabwe za m'masamba, chifukwa chake musabzale mbeu pafupi ndi mitengo yazipatso.

Nsabwe za m'masamba zingayambukire chomera chilichonse cham'munda. Zimamulepheretsa kukula, kubala zipatso ndipo zitha kuwononga. Njira zodzitetezera zitha kuteteza nsabwe za m'masamba kuti zisaswane m'dera lanu. Ngati matenda sakanapewa, njira zingapo zamankhwala ndi zowerengera zitha kukuthandizani, zomwe zingakuthandizeni polimbana ndi mitengo yanu.

Onerani kanemayo: Rowan Atkinson - Gods Mysterious Ways (September 2024).