Bankirapuse ya anthu payekha komanso amalonda aliyense payekha - malangizo mwatsatanetsatane kwa aliyense payekha komanso aliyense payekha + zotsatira zomwe zingachitike kwa wobwerekayo

Moni, owerenga okondedwa a magazini ya Ideas for Life! Lero tikamba za mutu woti bankirapuse (IP), zomwe zimachitika kwa omwe ali ndi ngongole zimaperekedwa ndi lamulo, zikalata ndi zochita zomwe zikufunika kuti amalize njirayi, ndi zina zambiri.

Mwa njira, mwawona kuti mtengo wa dola ndiwofunika kale motani? Yambani kupanga ndalama pamasiyana pamitengo yosinthira apa!

Munkhaniyi muphunzira:

• Kodi bankirapuse ndi chiyani mwa anthu komanso amalonda payekha mu Russian Federation;
• Kodi njira za bankirapuse zili bwanji kwa anthu;
• Zinthu zofunikira ndi zikalata;
• Zotsatira za omwe ali ndi ngongole zimaperekedwa ndi lamulo.

Ndipo tsopano zonse zili mu dongosolo.

Pazokhudzana ndi bankirapuse ya anthu payekha komanso amalonda payekha, zotsatira zake kwa omwe ali ndi ngongole, komanso malangizo ndi tsatane-tsatane pamomwe angayendetsere bankirapuse, werengani

1. Bankirapuse wa munthu ku Russia: tanthauzo ndi mbiri yakubwera + zenizeni za "bankirapuse" 📉

Tiyeni tiganizire mwatsatanetsatane mbiri yakubadwa kwa udindo ndi dongosolo lazachuma la Russian Federation.

1.1. Kutanthauzira mwachidule

Pansi pa bankirapuse ya munthu nthawi zambiri amamvetsetsa kusowa kwa chuma kwa nzika, ndiye kuti, kulephera kubweza ngongole zomwe zilipo kale pakulipirira mokakamiza komanso zomwe amakongoletsa ndi ndalama zawo.

Mwanjira ina, bankirapuse – izi ndizo nzika yosalandila ngongole (kuphatikiza wochita bizinesi payekha), yemwe ngongole zake zimakhala zazikulu kuposa zomwe zilipo kalendalama, kugulitsa nyumba, zamtengo wapatali).

Sikuti nthawi zonse munthu amakhala ndi ngongole pomwe amalankhula zakusalipira ndalama. Tidalemba mwatsatanetsatane za bankruptcy yomwe ili munkhani ina m'magaziniyi.

Zinthu zazikulu bankirapuse za anthu ndizowonjezera ngongole zochulukirapo kuposa ndalama zomwe zilipo, komanso kusowa kwa chiyembekezo chenicheni chothanirana ndi mavuto azachuma posachedwa.

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1.2. Mbiri yoyambira

Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, lingaliro loti "bankirapuse" silinali lachilendo kuzachuma zaku Russia. Panalibe maziko ovomerezeka a bankirapuse chifukwa chakusakhala ku Russia

Kukula kwakukulu ndi chitukuko cha chuma cha Russia, maphunziro ndi mapangidwe ena a ngongole zidapangitsa kuti mabungwe ku Russia ayambe (zachinsinsi ndipo boma) zomwe zimawonetsa zizindikiritso.

Mabizinesi ambiri sanathe kuzolowera kusintha kwachuma, ndipo omwe angopangidwa kumene sanaphunzire momwe angagwirire ntchito pamsika wamsika.

Mu 1992 lamulo loyamba la bankirapuse lidakhazikitsidwa. Adakhudzanso nkhani zakuthetsedwa kwamabungwe azamalamulo pomwe ndalama zikuchitika.

Kwa zaka 10, malamulo oyendetsa bankirapuse adasinthidwa kangapo. Lamulo la bankirapuse lomwe lidalipo pano lidayamba 2002 chaka.

Ndikukula kwa ngongole, njira zowonongera bankirapuse zomwe zilipo ku Russian Federation zidasiya kuwunikiranso zosowa za anthu amakono, ndipo zimafunikira kusintha kwakukulu.

Bungwe lalamulo, limodzi ndi boma la Russian Federation, lakhazikitsa lamulo latsopano lokhazikitsa mwayi woti munthu adzalephera kubweza ngongole pamikhalidwe ina. Zomwe zanenedwa kale zidakhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa 2015.

1.3. Malamulo oyendetsera bankirapuse mu Russian Federation + lamulo lakuwonongeka kwa anthu

FZ (malamulo aboma) pokhudzana ndi bankirapuse ya anthu - mutha kutsitsa mtundu waposachedwa pamaulalo omwe ali pansipa

Ndikukula kwachangu kwa njira yobwereketsa ndalama ku Russia, pakufunika kuti pakhale lamulo lapadera lomwe liziwongolera kubweza kwa nzika komanso amalonda aliyense payekha. Ku Russian Federation, lamuloli lisanakhazikitsidwe, mabungwe azamalamulo okha ndi omwe amatha kulembedwa kuti ndi bankirapuse.

Malamulo achinsinsi a bankirapuse adayamba kugwira ntchito mu Okutobala 2015.

Kufunika kwamalamulo aboma kudachitika pazifukwa zingapo:

• kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa ngongole zoperekedwa kwa anthu;

• koyambirira kwa kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo la ngongole ku Russian Federation, nzika zimayamikiridwa ndi mabanki ndi mabungwe ena obwereketsa ndalama zochuluka, nthawi zina osayang'ana zovuta zovuta komanso ma cheke owonjezera. Aliyense amatha kulandira ngongole;

• nzika zomwe sizinazolowere kupeza mwayi wotere zimalandira ngongole (ogula, chandamale, kubweza ngongole) pazofunikira zilizonse, osaganizira za kuthekera kwawo kulipira pambuyo pake;

• Kusakhazikika kwachuma ku Russia mzaka makumi angapo zapitazi, zovuta ndi zolakwika, ulova waukulu.

Zotsatira zake, zachitika kuti theka la nzika zaku Russia zangongole zili ndi ngongole kwa omwe adalemba. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cholephera kubweza ngongole panthawi, anthu amasiya kulipira konse. Zokongoletsa ngongole za anthu ku Russian Federation zafika pochuluka kwambiri, ndipo chiwerengero cha anthu omwe sangathe kulipira ngongole zawo chikuchulukirachulukira.

Boma lidayesa kuthana ndi vuto la kusowa kwachuma kwa anthu poyang'anira bankirapuse ya munthu m'malamulo apadera a feduro, zomwe zimaloleza kuyambitsa bankirapuse ya munthu wamba komanso wazamalonda aliyense.

Lamulo lokhazikitsa bankirapuse la anthu komanso amalonda:

Zochitika mwachibadwa (nkhani yamalamulo)	Malo oyang'anira
Bankruptcy Federal Law (2002)	Institute of bankirapuse yamtundu uliwonse wa anthu: malamulo wamba
Bankruptcy yaumwini (2015)	Bankirapuse ya anthu payekha komanso amalonda payekha
Code Yachikhalidwe ya Russian Federation (Art. 65)	Ufulu wa Nzika Wakuzindikira Kusavomerezeka kwawo
Ndondomeko Yoyendetsera Boma la Russian Federation (Article 446)	Mitundu yazinthu zomwe sizingalandidwe kwa wobwereketsa panthawi yakuchita bankirapuse
Malamulo a Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (Zolemba 196-197)	Udindo wokonza bankirapuse mwadala kapena mwachinyengo

Tsitsani lamulo lokhudza bankirapuse la anthu (kuchokera 29.06.2015)

Tsitsani lamulo lokhudza bankirapuse la mabungwe azovomerezeka (kuchokera. Kuchokera 13.07.2015)

Zofunika! Tiyenera kudziwa kuti munthu wachinsinsi, atakhala wosakhulupirika, samadzichotsera udindo wokwaniritsa ngongole zake. Amapatsidwa njira zina zothetsera mavuto azachuma.

1.4. Cons of the law on insolvency of Citizen and entrepreneurs payekha

Cholinga chachikulu chokhazikitsira Lamulo la "On Bankruptcy of Individuals" limayenera kuthandiza anthu kuthana ndi mavuto azachuma pantchito zalamulo, ndiye kuti, mwalamulo.

Komabe, ngakhale mwalamulo wopanga malamulo adapereka mwayi kwa anthu kuthana ndi mavuto awo pazachuma, koma pochita - ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mwayiwu.

Chifukwa chachikulu Lamulo lofuna kubweza ngongole la anthu sikugwira ntchito mokwanira, - zosagwirizana pazofunikira za zomwe zikuchitika mwachizolowezi ndi zenizeni za anthu amakono aku Russia komanso zachuma mdzikolo, Mwachitsanzo:

• Choyamba, lamuloli limakhazikitsa malire ochepera kuchuluka kwa ngongole za munthu, zomwe zimakwaniritsa zomwe zimalola kuyambitsa bankirapuse. Amapanga Ma ruble 500,000.

Komabe, kwa nzika zambiri zaku Russia, kuchuluka kwa ngongole zomwe ali nazo zoposa ma ruble 100,000 - ili kale vuto losathephera, ndipo owerengeka okha ndi omwe amadzipezera ngongole kuchuluka kwa ma ruble theka la miliyoni.

• Kachiwiri, kuchuluka kwakumunsi kotereku, kukwaniritsidwa kwake komwe kumapereka ufulu kwa munthu aliyense kuti atsegule mlandu wakubweza ngongole, kumawoneka kwachilendo, chifukwa mabungwe mabungwewa ndi ofanana Ma ruble 300,000.

1.5. Nkhani zovuta pamalamulo atsopano okhudza bankirapuse a anthu

Vuto 1. Gawo lofala kwambiri lomwe makhothi achiweruzo amakambirana ndi zopempha za bankirapuse (za bungwe, munthu payekha, wochita bizinesi payekha), popeza udindo wa bankirapuse umapezeka pokhapokha chifukwa chazigamulo zaku khothi lokakamiza zomwe zayamba kugwira ntchito mwalamulo.

Kukhazikika kwa lamulo lokhudza bankirapuse la anthu kumawonetsa kusakhazikika kwa makhothi kuti awonjezere mtolo chifukwa chofunsira kwakukulu kwa nzika zomwe zikufuna kukhala bankirapuse.

Ntchito yayikulu yamakhothi oyimbira milandu siyikulola kuwunika milandu pagululi pamlingo woyenera, kutengera chidwi cha mulandu wina; milandu yambiri imawunikidwa ngati ikutsutsana ndi nthawi yayitali.

Vuto 2. Chiyambireni lamulo latsopanoli lokhudza kubisala kwa anthu komanso mabizinesi m'modzi atangoyamba kugwira ntchito chaka chimodzi chapitacho, makhothi sanakhazikitse makhothi pazochitika zoterezi.

Vuto 3. Bankirapuse - njira yovuta, yotalikirapo komanso yowoneka bwino, chifukwa chake, anthu amayesa kupeza thandizo la akatswiri odziwa zambiri komanso odziwa bwino, omwe amamvetsetsa zovuta komanso zovuta za bankirapuse. Komabe, anthu omwe atchona sangathenso kulipirira ndalama zochepa pantchito za manejala ngati ameneyu.

Tiyenera kukumbukirakuti lero lamulo lokhudza bankirapuse la anthu likugwira ntchito pagulu lochepa kwambiri la nzika, ndipo silikukwaniritsa ntchito yake yonse.

Pazifukwa izi anthu wamba, ndipo makamaka, oweluza milandu akukayikira kwambiri, popeza kupezeka kwa zolakwa zazikulu pamalamulo okhudza kubisala nzika sikulola kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wonse womwe opanga malamulo amalingalira.

Ngati zotsutsana ndi lamulo lomwe likuganiziridwa zichotsedwa, bungwe loyenera la bankirapuse la anthu litha kuyamba kugwira ntchito ku Russia.

Yemwe amayambitsa njira za bankirapuse za nzika komanso wazamalonda aliyense payekha

2. Ndani angayambitse njira za bankrupt za nzika komanso munthu aliyense wochita bizinesi 📋

Ndizotheka kuzindikira munthu kapena wabizinesi yemwe wabweza ngongole kukhothi kokha. Kuti muyambe njira yolengeza kuti munthu m'modzi kapena wabizinesi watha kubweza ngongole, muyenera kupereka fomu yofunsira kwa oweruza.

2.1. Yemwe amayambitsa njira za bankirapuse za munthu

Malamulo aku Russia akhazikitsa kuti nzika zitha kuyambitsa bankirapuse mwa kupereka fomu yofunsira bankirapuse.

Zoyenera kuchita kuti munthu apereke pempho la kubweza ngongole:

• Ngongole zachuma ma ruble opitilira 500,000;
• kusowa kwa ngongole ngongole yomwe ilipo kale zoposa miyezi itatu.

Zofunika: Kufunsira kwa munthu kuti alengeze kuti alibe ndalama sikungalandiridwe ngati kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe mumakhala nazo zikuphatikiza ndalama zomwe zingabwezeredwe pakulipirira ndalama za ana ang'onoang'ono kapena mitundu ingapo ya kulipidwa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa thanzi.

Kuwonongeka kwa nzika amathanso kuyambitsidwa ndi omwe adamupatsa ngongole.

Omwe adayambitsa njira za bankirapuse za munthu (nzika)

Izi zingaphatikizepo zinthu zotsatirazi:

• oyang'anira misonkho;
• mabanki ndi mabungwe ena obwereketsa;
• oyang'anira matauni;
• anthu omwe alandila mphamvu kuchokera kwa wobwereketsa.

Pempho loti alengeze kuti wabweza ngongole lingaperekedwe kwa wobwereketsa m'modzi komanso ndi gulu lomwe likulipira kuti libweza ngongoleyo.

Chifukwa chake, kufunsa koti alengeze nzika kukhala bankirapuse kumatha kukhala nako zofunikira zingapo zimawonetsedwa:

• ngongole kubanki;
• ngongole zanyumba;
• maudindo azachuma pakuvulaza thanzi.

2.2. Ndani amayambitsa njira za IP bankirapuse

Palibe kusiyana kwenikweni pakati pa anthu omwe amayambitsa njira za bankirapuse za nzika ndi munthu aliyense wochita bizinesi. Koma kutha kwa mabungwe azovomerezeka kumakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu, m'mapepala komanso magawo a njirayi.

Chifukwa chake, zotsatirazi zitha kulembetsa kulengeza munthu wazamalonda bankirapuse:

• wochita bizinesi;
• Obwereketsa;
• misonkho ndi mabungwe ena aboma.

Kumbukirani kuti obwereketsa omwe malingaliro awo amatengera ngongole ya wochita bizinesi yemwe sakukhudzana ndi bizinesi yake atha kuperekanso khothi ku khothi kuti alengeze kuti wochita bizinesi wabweza.

3. Zomwe zimafunikira kuti tilengeze munthu wabizinesi kapena wochita bizinesi bank

Kupezeka kwa ngongole ndi ngongole zina kuchokera kwa nzika sizitanthauza kuti atha kulengezedwa kuti wabweza. Ndi munthu yekhayo amene angakwaniritse zina ndi zina (zovomerezeka) zokhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo achi Russia pankhani ya bankirapuse yemwe angayambitse zochitika za bankirapuse, kenako nkukhala ndi bankirapuse.

3.1. Zizindikiro za bankirapuse ya munthu

Nzika iliyonse yomwe ili ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi za bankirapuse ikhoza kuyamba njira yodzinenera kuti ilibe ndalama:

• kusowa kwa chuma (ndalama, malo ndi zinthu zina zamtengo wapataliwokhoza kulipira ngongole zomwe zilipo kale;
• kuchuluka kwa ngongole ndizochuluka kwambiri kotero kuti ndalama zomwe zilipo kapena kugulitsa malo omwe alipo sizingakwaniritse. Asanapite kukhothi, nthawi zambiri, katundu wosunthidwa ndi wosunthika wa wogulitsa ngongole amagulitsidwa;
• ngongole yonse ma ruble oposa 500,000;
• kuchedwa pakubweza ngongole sikochepera, kuposa miyezi itatu;
• zovuta zachuma sizingakonzedwe mothandizidwa ndi kukonzanso ngongole, palibe chiyembekezo chothetsera vuto lobweza ngongole zomwe zilipo kale;
• munthuyo alibe mbiri yokhudza milandu yachuma.

Zofunika! Munthu atha kulengeza kuti bankirapuse asanafike, ngati apereka umboni kuti palibe chomwe chidzasinthe mtsogolomo, ndipo palibe chiyembekezo chokwaniritsa ngongole zake ndi zina zofunika kubweza kwa omwe adamupatsa ngongole.

3.2. Zizindikiro ndi mawonekedwe a bankirapuse a amalonda payekha

Wogulitsa payekha ndi nzika (payekha) yemwe ali ndi bizinesi monga wochita bizinesi payekha.

Zambiri, momwe mungatsegulire IP nokha, tidalemba m'nkhani yapadera.

Chifukwa chake, mwanjira zambiri, zikhalidwe za munthu yemwe wabweza ndalama komanso wochita bizinesi omwe ali mgulu la bankirapuse zimagwirizana.

Woyimira nyumba yamalamulo watchulapo zinthu zikuluzikulu zotsatirazi:

• ngongole zonse za wochita bizinesi yonse ma ruble oposa 500,000, ndipo zimadziwika kuti ndalama zochepa zomwe munthu wobwereketsa m'modzi ayenera kukhala ndi ma ruble 10,000;
• ngongole za eni mabizinesi (ngongole, zolipira) ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa mtengo wa wochita bizinesi, katundu kapena ndalama zina;
• wochita bizinesi salipira ngongoleyo zoposa miyezi itatu.

Zofunika! Kusiyana pakati pa bankirapuse ya wochita bizinesi payekhapayekha komanso kubweza ngongole kwa nzika ndikuti mukaganizira kuchuluka kwa ngongole yonse, gawo lokhalo la ngongole lomwe limakhudzana ndi bizinesi ya wazamalonda ndi lomwe limaganiziridwa.

Malangizo ndi tsatane-tsatane m'mene mungayendere mu bankirapuse kwa munthu payekha komanso wochita bizinesi payekha komanso zomwe zikufunika pa izi

4. Bankirapuse ya munthu wina (IP) - njira yofunsira ku khothi lakuweluza + malangizo mwatsatanetsatane kuti akhale ndi bankirapuse 📝

Munthu atha kukhala bankirapuse pokhapokha khothi lamilandu itayamba kugwira ntchito.Khothi, poganizira momwe nzika kapena wolemba bizinesi aliyense angalembere, limawunika momwe wopemphayo alili ndikupanga chigamulo potengera umboni wotsimikizika.

Chigamulo cha khothi kwa nzika chitha kukhala chabwino kapena cholakwika:

• chigamulo chovomerezeka: khothi limazindikira kuti munthuyo ndi bankirapuse ndipo limasankha njira yomwe ingathetsere mavuto azachuma;

• chisankho choyipa: khothi likukana kuvomereza nzika ngati munthu amene watha kubweza ngongole (osatsata malamulowo, kusowa umboni).

Kuti akhale ndi bankirapuse, nzika ziyenera kuchita zinthu zingapo mokakamizidwa ndipo pitani magawo angapo:

1. Kukonzekera: kudzaza fomu yofunsira, kulandira ziphaso zofunikira ndi zikalata zothandizira, kulipira ndalama za boma;
2. Kuyambitsa zochitika za bankirapuse: kulembetsa fomu yofunsira kukhothi - khothi lakuweluza;
3. Kulingalira za pempho la woweruza (kuchuluka koyambirira komanso kopanda malire kwa magawo akulu), kupeza chigamulo cha khothi, pomwe zochita zina za wobwereketsa zimadalira.

Pakakhala chisankho chabwino, woweruzayo asankhe woyang'anira zachuma yemwe adzapereka lamuloli. Woyang'anira wosankhidwa ndiyemwe amayang'anira mavuto azachuma a munthuyo.

Ndondomeko yothana ndi khothi lalamulo

Popeza zovuta zakulengeza kuti bankirapuse ndi zoletsa zazikulu, kuphatikiza zochitika zachuma za munthu, ndondomeko ya bankirapuse iyenera kuyandikira kwambiri.

Bankirapuse ayamba Kukonzekera phukusi lofunikira laumboni ndi umboni womwe ulipo. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti wopemphayo amayika zonse muzochitika zandalama, amawunika, amatenga zidziwitso zonse zomwe zitha kunena zakubedwa kwake.

Chofunika kwambiri moyenera ndipo mokwanira momwe zingathere lembani fomu yofunsira kukhothi lalamulo.

Iyenera kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane zonse zomwe zidapangitsa kuti munthu kapena wabizinesi aliyense akhale pamavuto azachuma, ndikuwonetsanso ndalama zonse zomwe ali nazo, kuwonetsa omwe amabweza ngongole.

Tasonkhanitsa zowerengera zazikulu kwambiri (zolemba), yemwe ali ndi ngongole amatha kutsimikizirakuti kuyambitsa zochitika za bankirapuse ndi muyeso wokakamizidwa.

Khothi liyenera kuyang'anitsitsa pempho la wobwereketsa ngati alipo pazochita zake chinyengo Pofuna kupewa kukwaniritsa ngongole.

Bankirapuse wa nzika kapena wochita bizinesi - iyi ndi njira yayitali komanso yosasangalatsa (kwa wofunsayo). Kulingalira kwa mlandu kukhothi kumatenga nthawi yayitali. Izi ndizoyenera, popeza khothi liyenera kuwunika mosamala komanso mosamala maumboni onse ndi zomwe zanenedwa.

Kuphatikiza apo, zochitika zonse zandalama ndi mapangano omwe ali ndi ngongole amatenga nawo mbali, zimawunikidwa, zowona zakusamutsa katundu kuti atseke anthu, abale a wopemphayo, ndi ena ena.

Zochita zachiweruzo, zomwe zatha kukulitsa milandu yamtunduwu, zikuwonetsa izi milandu pamilandu ya bankirapuse ya nzika ndi amalonda payekha amatha kupitilira chaka... Izi ndichifukwa choti makhothi (makhothi oyimilira) amakhala m'malo apakati pamizinda.

Ofunsira ambiri amakumana ndi zovuta popita kumilandu yamilandu chifukwa chakutali kwa makhothi oyimilira kuchokera komwe amakhala, chifukwa chake kuwerengera milandu kumachedwa nthawi zambiri.

Kuti alembetse kubweza ngongole kwa munthu wachinsinsi kapena wochita bizinesi payekha, woweruzayo amasankha manejala yemwe angathetse mavuto azachuma a wopemphayo. Woyang'anira zachuma amalandila malipiro akwaniritsa ntchito yake.

Khothi, posankha kukhazikitsidwa kwa manejala, lingaganizire zovuta zachuma za nzika, ndikupatsanso pulani (yobweza) ya ndalama zolipirira ntchito zalamulo za manejala.

Chifukwa chake, tsatane-tsatane malangizo ake:

Khwerero # 1. Kukonzekera zikalata

Zolemba zomwe zaperekedwa ku khothi la arbitration poyambitsa milandu ya bankirapuse ya munthu kapena wamalonda aliyense zimakhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo.

Mndandanda wamakalata ofunikira omwe munthu kapena wabizinesi aliyense ayenera kukonzekera kupita ku khothi:

1. Copy ya chikalatacho (nthawi zambiri, pasipoti), yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzindikira wopemphayo.
2. Zikalata zosonyeza kupezeka ndi kukula kwake ngongole zandalama (mapangano a ngongole, mapangano a ngongole, ma risiti).
3. Mndandanda wazambiri za omwe ali ndi ngongole zonse ndi chisonyezo chofunikira cha kuchuluka kwa zomwe akufuna. Ili ndi chikalata chovomerezeka chomwe chiyenera kudzazidwa moyenera komanso kwathunthu momwe zingathere.
4. Kupezeka motsatira zofunikira zonse zalamulo, Kuchokera ku EGRIP (Register Yogwirizana Yabizinesi Yokha). Chotsitsa chotere chimaperekedwa ndikuvomerezedwa ndi oyang'anira msonkho. Nthawi yovomerezeka ya satifiketi iyi ndi yochepa (masiku 5), chifukwa chake ndibwino kuti mutenge kumapeto, phukusi lathunthu litasonkhanitsidwa (kuti tipewe kuyitanitsa mobwerezabwereza ndi kulipiritsa ndalama za boma popereka satifiketi).
5. Chikalata chokhala ndi katundu yense wokhala ndi ngongole... Katunduyu amapezeka ndi kuwunika kovomerezeka kwa chuma chonse cha wopemphayo.
6. Zambiri pazomwe zimachitika musanapite kukhothi, chonsecho chimaposa ma ruble 300,000.
7. Satifiketi yomwe ili ndi kuchuluka kwa misonkho yolipira kwa zaka 3.
8. Lembani pamaakaunti otseguka kubanki m'dzina la wobwereketsa kuwonetsa ndalama zonse zomwe apeza pa iwo.
9. Kapepala ka satifiketi ya inshuwaransi (SNILS).
10. Sitifiketi chovomereza wobwereketsa ngati wosagwira ntchito - ngati wamangawa ali ndi udindo wotere.
11. Chofunika kwa aliyense payekha amalonda mawu okhudza akaunti yakubanki ndi momwe alili.
12. Choyambirira ndi chiphaso chaukwati kapena chisudzulo.
13. Ngati wamangawa ali nawo mgwirizano waukwati, kupereka kwa chikalata chake chovomerezeka ndikofunikira.
14. Chidziwitso choyambirira chikutsimikizira kulipira ndalama za boma.
15. Risiti yolipira ya akatswiri - woyang'anira zachuma. Pakakhala kuti kulibe ndalama zolipirira ntchito, wopemphayo ayenera kuyika pempho kukhothi kuti livomereze.
16. Zikalata ndi ziphaso zotsimikizira chilema cha wofunsira, thanzi, kapena kusamalira mamembala olumala.

Wochita bizinesi payekhapayekha amatumiza zikalata zofananazo kukhothi, ndi kusiyana komwe amafunikira kuwonjezera mndandanda wazidziwitso ndi satifiketi zomwe zimakhudzana ndi ntchito ya wopemphayo.

Khwerero # 2. Kufunsira ku khothi lalamulo ndikuganizira za bankirapuse

Pempho loti alengeze nzika kuti ndi bankirapuse ndi chikalata chovomerezeka. Mawonekedwe ake amakhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo, ndipo amadzazidwa molunjika muofesi ya bwalo lamilandu.

Amaloledwa kudzaza ntchito pasadakhale, koma ayenera kuzipereka yekha nzika panokha, kapena munthu kuyambitsa bankirapuse.

Zomwe zikuyenera kuwonetsedwa pakugwiritsa ntchito:

• dzina la khothi (arbitration court) pomwe mlandu wamakhoti uchitika;
• kuchuluka kwa ngongole ndi chidziwitso changongole iliyonse ndi zifukwa zomwe zidapangidwira zikuwonetsedwa;
• zidziwitso zantchito ya wofunsayo: malo ogwirira ntchito ndi zifukwa zochotsedwera (ngati zilipo);
• zambiri zokhudza ndalama kupatula ntchito;
• mndandanda wazinthu zomwe ali ndi ngongole;
• zokhudza banja ndi kapangidwe kake;
• zidziwitso zotsimikizira kudalira kwa nzika zothandizidwa ndi wobwereketsa;
• adalumikiza mapangano amgwirizano pangongole (ngongole yanyumba, chandamale, ogula) ndi mapangano a ngongole;
• makalata onse omwe amalembera ndi omwe amatenga ngongole, zonena kuti abweza ngongole.

Zitsanzo zakupempha bankirapuse kwa munthu (.docx, 17.8 kb.)

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muwonetsere pazomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso zonse zomwe zikutsimikizira kuti bankirapuse ndiwomwe akuchita.

Pempho la bankirapuse la munthu aliyense - zonse zomwe zafotokozedwazo ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi zikalata, ziphaso zonse ndizovomerezeka ndi omwe akutulutsa kapena ndi notary.

Atamaliza kulembetsa, iyenera kulembetsa kuofesi ya khothi laling'ono loyendetsa milandu. Nthawi yokhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo itatha, chigamulo cha woweruza pakulandila pempholo chimatumizidwa kwa wopemphayo.

Kuphatikiza apo, tanthauzo likhoza kuwonetsa kuti ndi zolemba ziti zomwe ziyenera kuperekedwa komanso nthawi yomaliza yokwaniritsira zofunikirazi.

Zoletsa pakuchotsa katundu munthawi yothetsa mlandu wa bankirapuse

Atalandira chigamulo chovomereza pempho la bankirapuse, wobwerekayo apitilira gawo lachiwiri la njira ya bankirapuse: kuweruza molunjika ndipo kupeza chigamulo cha bwalo lamilandu.

Pakuyesa mlandu pempho la kubweza kwa munthu kapena wabizinesi payekha, zoletsa zingapo zimaperekedwa kwa wamangawa:

• pali chiletso pamayendedwe azachuma, omwe akukhala katundu kapena ndalama ma ruble opitilira 50,000... Komabe, izi zitha kuchitidwa ngati manejala wosankhidwa apereka chilolezo kwa iye;
• zochitika zilizonse ndi katundu wa wobwereketsa (katundu wosasunthika komanso wosunthika, madipoziti, magawo);
• Ndizoletsedwa kukhala chikole kapena kupereka ngongole, kubweza katundu (kuphatikiza wa banja). Zochita zoterezi zitha kuchitidwa ndi chilolezo cha manejala;
• wopemphayo saloledwa kusamutsa gawo kapena katundu wake yense monga gawo la ndalama zolovomerezeka m'mabungwe ndi mabungwe, komanso kuti apeze magawo m'mabungwe ndi mabizinesi osiyanasiyana.

Kuletsa kokhwima komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito potengera katundu wa wobwereketsa, wolungamitsidwa, popeza ndizofunikira kutsimikizika kwathunthu komanso kokwanira kwa zidziwitso zoperekedwa ndi wobwereketsa.

Pomwe wopemphayo aphwanya chilichonse mwazomwe zili pamwambapa panthawi ya bankirapuse, woweruzayo atha kukana kunena kuti wamangawa wabweza ngongole.

Khwerero # 3. Kuyembekezera chigamulo cha khothi

Pa siteji yoyembekezera chisankho cha arbitrator, munthu wamkulu ndiye woyang'anira zachumaosankhidwa ndi khothi. Malamulo oyendetsera kukhazikitsidwa kwa bankirapuse ya anthu komanso amalonda aliyense payekha amapereka mwayi woti katswiriyu atenge nawo mbali pakuwonongeka kwa anthu.

Wobwereketsa sangasankhe manejala mwakufuna kwake. Uwu ndi udindo wa khothi. koma manejala amatha kusankhidwa ndi woweruza pamndandanda wa akatswiri amabungwe omwe amadzilamulira okha, omwe adzaperekedwe ndi wobwereketsa.

Zofunikira zingapo zazikulu zimaperekedwa kwa manejala azachuma amene amasankhidwa ndi woweruza kuti atenge nawo mbali pokhudzana ndi bankirapuse kapena wabizinesi payekha.

Woyang'anira zachuma pakuwonongeka kwa anthu komanso mabizinesi m'modzi amatenga nawo mbali panjira zonse za bankirapuse

Ngati zosowa izi sizikukwaniritsidwa, katswiriyu amachotsedwa pamlanduwu:

• sayenera kukhala ndi chidwi ndi zomwe aweruza;
• deta yoyera ya akatswiri (palibe ndemanga, komanso zilango zochepa);
• kuvomereza kukhazikitsidwa kwa zochitika ngati izi komanso kupezeka kwa layisensi.

Kodi maofesi a zachuma ndi ati:

• amasunga katundu wa wofunsayo;
• kusanthula momwe ndalama ziliri ndi ngongole;
• amapeza ndikukhazikitsa zizindikilo za bankirapuse;
• Imagwira ntchito pazokakamiza za omwe adalemba ngongole (kuphatikiza nawowo);
• imadziwitsa obwereketsa (mabanki ndi mabungwe ena obwereketsa ngongole) za momwe bankirapuse ingagwiritsire ntchito, malo omwe akugulitsidwa kapena kusintha kwa ngongole za wopempha;
• ikuwunika momwe dongosolo lokonzanso ngongole likukwaniritsidwira;
• ipereka malipoti onse ofunikira pazochita zake kwa omwe amabweza ngongole.

Kuchokera pakuwunika kwa ntchito zomwe katswiriyu wachita, zitha kuwoneka kuti woyang'anira ndalama wosankhidwa ndi khothi amatenga nawo gawo pamagulu onse azachuma.

Pokhudzana ndi munthu yemwe njira za bankirapuse zidayambitsidwa, zisankho ziwiri (2) zitha kupangidwa:

• Kufunsidwa kwa wobwereketsa kuyenera kukanidwa ngati palibe umboni wokwanira wotsata zomwe zikufunika kuti munthu akhale ndi bankirapuse (palibe zizindikiritso za bankirapuse);
• Kukhutira ndi ntchitoyi - pamenepa, njira zingapo ndizotheka, zomwe zidzafotokozedwe pansipa.

Milandu pakuwonongeka kwa anthu (IP) - mgwirizano wokhazikika, kukonzanso ngongole za anthu, kugulitsa katundu

5. Njira za bankirapuse za anthu payekha komanso amalonda: kuchita makhothi + tebulo lofananizira 📊

Zosankha pazomwe khothi lipereke ngati zingapange chisankho chabwino, chofunikira kupeza yankho pamavuto azachuma:

1. pakati pa wamangawa ndi wobwereketsa (wobwereketsa) ndi mgwirizano wokhazikikakuvomerezedwa ndi khothi.
2. ngati pali chiyembekezo chofananitsira zovuta zandalama, ndalama zowonjezera kapena zinthu zina zachuma, wobwerekayo atha kupatsidwa ntchito kukonzanso ngongole;
3. kusankha kwakukulu - munthu wachinsinsi amalandira udindo wa bankrupt, ndipo malo ake amagulitsidwa pamsika. Nkhani yomalizayi siyopindulitsa kwa wobwereketsa kapena kwa omwe adamupatsa ngongole, chifukwa chake, munthu amanenedwa kuti wabweza ndalama pomaliza, ngati sizingatheke kutsatira njira ziwiri pamwambapa.

Njira iliyonse yomwe ili ndi izi ili ndi mawonekedwe ake, chifukwa chake tilingalira mwatsatanetsatane.

5.1. Kutsiliza mgwirizano wamtendere

Mapeto a mgwirizano wamtendere ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera mavuto azachuma omwe ali ndi ngongole.

Pomaliza mgwirizano wokhazikika, wamangawa ndipo wobwereketsa kudziwa yankho lovomerezeka kwambiri kwa onse omwe akutsutsana.

Pangano lotere limalola munthu komanso wobwereketsayo kupewa milandu ina.

Pamsonkano woyamba woweruza, woweruzayo amayenera kukumbukira ufulu wa anthuwo kuti athetse mlanduwo mwamtendere.

Pangano lamtendere ndikuthetsa mkangano pakati pa maphwando kudzera kuvomerezana:

• wobwereketsa amachititsa kuti kubweza ngongole kusachepe;
• wobwereketsa amatenga maudindo kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zatsopano munthawi yoyikika.

Zofunika kukumbukirakuti mgwirizano wamtendere umamalizidwa nthawi iliyonse pakuwunika milandu yokhudza bankirapuse. Chigwirizano chazakhazikitsidwe chiyenera kulembedwa mwanjira inayake polemba.

Zizindikiro zomwe zimasiyanitsa mgwirizano wamakalata ndi chikalata wamba chazomwezi:

• mgwirizano umatheka pokhapokha kuvomerezana mutasintha zinthu;
• mgwirizano wamtendere umaganiziridwa ndikuvomerezedwa kukhothi;
• kuyamba kugwira ntchito kumachitika woweruza atapanga chisankho chomaliza pamlanduwo.

Ngati woweruzayo akukayikira, khotilo litha musalole (kukana) amaliza mgwirizano mwamtendere. Kukana kungatsatire ngati, pofufuza ndi kusanthula momwe ndalama ziliri ndi ngongole, pali zifukwa zokhulupirira kuti wobwereketsayo sangathe kuthetsa mavuto ake. Kapenanso pali zokayikira zazikulu za "kuwona mtima" kwa nzika.

Zofunika! Lamulo la Russia limapereka kuti ngongole za nzika zitha kulipidwa ndi anthu ena omwe akufuna kuthandiza munthu wamba kuthana ndi mavuto a ngongole. Amatha kukhala munthu payekha, maziko osiyanasiyana kapena boma.

Chimachitika ndi chiani mukamaliza mgwirizano?

Zotsatira za njirayi:

• kuletsa kubweza kwa zomwe wobwereketsa watha;
• Zochita za manejala azachuma zathetsedwa;
• dongosolo lokhazikitsidwa kwakukonzanso ngongole layimitsidwa;
• wamangawa amalipira ngongole pangongole malinga ndi mikhalidwe yatsopano.

Mapeto a mgwirizano wamtendere ali ndi zabwino zosakayika:

• nthawi imasungidwa;
• amachepetsa ndalama zaku khothi, kuphatikiza kulipira ntchito za manejala;
• Wobwereketsa ndi wobwereketsa amavomerezana pazovomerezeka, mogwirizana zomwe pamakhala chiyembekezo chothetsera mavuto azachuma.

Maloya odziwa bwino amalimbikitsa nzika nthawi zambiri malizani mgwirizano mwamtendere, ngati angongole kapena woyang'anira zachuma perekani mwayi uwu.

Chimodzi mwa mgwirizano wamtendere womwe wamaliza ndi wochita bizinesi payekhapayekha ndi kupulumutsa kwa wochita bizinesiyo kuchotsedwa mokakamizidwa.

Mapeto a mgwirizano wamtendere pakati pa onse omwe amabweza ngongole ndi wochita nawo bizinesi akhoza kukupulumutsirani kuthetsedwa kwa amalonda payekha... Dongosololi limakuthandizani kudziwa nthawi yamisonkho yanu ndi ndalama zanu pangongole panthawi yayitali.

5.2. Ndondomeko yokonzanso ngongole

Kukonzanso ngongole - izi ndi njira zosasinthasintha zomwe cholinga chake ndi kuthetsa mavuto azachuma a munthu wachinsinsi. Kukonzanso kumaphatikizapo kupanga pulani yobwezeretsa ngongole ya wobwereketsayo.

Dongosolo lokonzanso limakhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• kuchuluka kwa zolipira pamwezi pangongole kumachepa;
• Nthawi yobwereketsa imatha kukulira;
• Chindapusa chimathetsedwa palimodzi (kapena kwakanthawi kochepa).

Njira zakukonzanso zimasankhidwa ndi khothi pokhapokha wokongoletsayo akatsimikiza kupezeka kwa ndalama zowonjezera kapena zinthu zina zandalama zokwanira kukhutiritsa zomwe asungitsa ngongole.

Njira zokonzanso sizabwino kuposa mgwirizano wokhazikika, komabe, poyerekeza ndi kugulitsa malo, izi mosakayikira zabwino kwambiri zotsatira zakulingalira kwamlandu wa nzika yotayika. Kupatula apo, wobwerekayo amapindula mwa kuyimitsidwa chindapusa ndi zilango zomwe adapereka kale.

✏ Tikulimbikitsanso kuti tiwerenge nkhani yathu yakukonzanso ngongole - kuti ndi chiyani komanso ikuchitika motani.

5.3. Kulengeza za bankirapuse: gawo logulitsa katundu wa munthu kapena wamalonda aliyense

Pomwe maphwando sagwirizana kuti apange mgwirizano mwamtendere, ndipo nzika ilibe njira yolipira ngongole yomwe idalipo, kapena njira yokonzanso sinapereke zotsatira zabwino, munthu amalephera kubweza ngongole.

Poterepa, katundu yense wamangawa amagulitsidwa, ndiye kuti kugulitsidwa pamsika wa bankirapuse, ndipo ndalama zolandilidwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulipira ngongole za omwe amabweza ngongole.

Katundu wa wamangawa atagulitsidwa:

• katundu yense wosunthika... Katundu wopezedwa muukwati amathanso kugulitsidwa;
• katundu amagulitsidwa kaye, mtengo wapamwamba (kugulitsa). Awa ndi nyumba, magalimoto, zodzikongoletsera, masheya, zinthu zapamwamba.
• kubweza nyumba (wolonjezedwa ndi banki) iyeneranso kugulitsidwa, ngakhale itakhala malo okhawo okhala ndi ngongole;
• nawo nyumba, zomwe zimapezeka panthawi yokwatirana, zitha kugulitsidwanso mu ndalama zomwe wokongoza ali nazo.

Zomwe sizigulitsidwa (kugulitsidwa) pakakhala bankirapuse:

• malo, omwe ndi malo okhawo okhala ndi ngongole, sangagulitsidwe;
• Katundu wokhala ndi ngongole ndi zofunika zake (zinthu zaukhondo);
• zinthu zapakhomo za wobwereketsa ndi zida zapanyumba (zamagetsi), mtengo wake womwe ndi wocheperako ma ruble 30,000;
• mphotho za boma zamtengo wapatali;
• ziweto zosungidwa ndi wobwereketsa pazosowa zawo.

Kuunika kwa katundu aliyense wogulitsa, wochitidwa ndi woyang'anira zachumakoma wamangongole ndi omwe amabweza ngongole atha kutsutsa.

Pakakhala kusamvana kofunikira komanso kosathetsa, owunikira odziyimira pawokha amatenga nawo mbali pakuwunika.

5.3.1. Ndondomeko yobwezera zonena za omwe amabweza ngongole

Ndalama zomwe zimapezeka pogulitsa katundu wa wobwereketsa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulipira ngongole za omwe amabweza ngongole.

Kuchokera pamenepo (ndiye kuti, choyamba), ndalama zomwe amakongola chisamaliro, kubwezera kuwonongeka ndi kulipira ntchito za manejala.

Katundu wotsalira amagawidwa molingana ndi momwe okhazikitsa ngongole adakhazikitsira.

Ngati malo osakwaniritsidwa atsalira, ndiye kuti amaperekedwa kwa omwe amabweza ngongole ngati kubweza ngongole. Ngati okongoza ngongole savomereza kulandira zinthu zomwe sizinachitike, amazibweza kwa nzika ya bankirapuse.

Ndondomeko yokomera zomwe IP akuti:

• Choyamba, zonena za omwe amatenga ngongole - anthu omwe thanzi lawo lawonongeka amakhutitsidwa;
• Kachiwiri, ndalama zomwe amalandila kumbuyo amalipira;
• Gawo lachitatu ndi omwe adatsala ngongole.

Nthawi zambiri pamakhala milandu pomwe ndalama zogulitsa katundu sizokwanira kubweza ngongole yonse (Mwachitsanzo, okongoza ngongole osati oyamba: mabungwe a ngongole, oyang'anira misonkho), ndiye kuti ndalama zomwe zilipo zidzagawidwa kwa onse omwe amabweza ngongole pamzerawo molingana ndi zofunikira.

5.3.2. Kodi ndizotheka kulemba ngongole kwa wamangawa

Ndalama zonse zotsalira pambuyo pogulitsa katundu wa wobwereketsa zatha, ngongole yonse imatsalira.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa ma invoice omwe sanalandire nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwakukulu. Zikatero, woweruzayo atha kusankha kuti achotse ngongole zomwe zatsala.

Mutha kulemba ngongole zotsatirazi:

• ngongole za ngongole (kuphatikizapo makhadi a ngongole);
• kuchuluka kwa ngongole zomwe zatengedwa kuchokera kwa anthu;
• IOU;
• Malipiro amisonkho ndi chindapusa;
• ngongole zopanda ntchito.

Makhothi amatenga mwayi uwu kawirikawiri, pakalibe njira ina yothanirana ndi mavuto azachuma wamangawa.

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Gulu lofanizira njira zomwe khothi lakhazikitsa pankhani ya bankirapuse:

Njira zolembedwera	Zokhutira	Kutalika
Mgwirizano wokhazikika	Wobwereketsa ndi wobwereketsayo asayina mgwirizano wopindulitsa	osachepetsedwa ndi nthawi
Kukonzanso	Dongosolo livomerezedwa kuti libwezeretse solvency ndikufanizira momwe ndalama ziliri ndi ngongole	nthawi kuyambira miyezi 4 mpaka 6
Chidziwitso cha bankirapuse	Katundu wa wobwereketsayo amagulitsidwa ndikubweza zomwe ena adabwezera pambuyo pake	za Miyezi 6

Zotsatira za omwe ali ndi ngongole panthawi yakuchita bankirapuse ndi zotani

6.Chidziwitso cha bankirapuse ya munthu (IP) - zotulukapo zomwe zingachitike kwa wamangawa 📌

Kulengeza kuti ndinu bankirapuse - ili ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri, lomwe limakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa:

1. munthu sangatchulidwenso kuti ndi banki mzaka zisanu zikubwerazi;
2. palibe ngongole iliyonse yomwe ingapereke ngongole kwa munthu woteroyo, popeza akafunsira ngongole, nzika imayenera kukanena kuti wabweza ngongole. "Mtanda wonenepa" umaikidwa pa mbiri ya mbiri ya munthu amene walengezedwa kuti ndi bankirapuse;
3. kwazaka 5, wosabweza saloledwa kuchita bizinesi yakeyake (kulembetsa munthu aliyense wazamalonda) ndikukhala oyang'anira m'mabungwe;
4. olephera kubweza ngongole akhoza kuletsedwa kupita kunja kwa zaka zopitilira 3 (ngati sanatsutsane kukhothi);
5. kudzakhala kovuta kuti bankirapsi isinthe ntchito, kapena kuti ipezenso ntchito, popeza olemba anzawo ntchito amakayikira nzika zomwe zili ndi mavuto azachuma;

Chifukwa chake, maloya ambiri amalimbikitsa nzika mosamala kwambiri ikukhudzana ndi lingaliro loyambitsa milandu ya bankirapuse.

Kumbali imodzi, bankirapuse ndi njira yothetsera mavuto azachuma ambiri, komano, kuchuluka kwa zoletsa zomwe zidatsata kwanthawi yayitali.

Kuti mumve zambiri zamomwe mungalengezere bankirapuse kwa wabizinesi payekha komanso munthu aliyense, tidalemba m'nkhani yapadera.

7. Kuthandizidwa ndi maloya akatswiri kuthana ndi bankirapuse 💎

Ndondomeko ya bankirapuse yaumwini - iyi ndi njira yowonongera nthawi yambiri... Kuphatikiza apo, bankirapuse ali ndi zambiri zochenjera ndipo zokongola.

Nzika ikaganiza zakulandilidwa ndi bankirapuse, iyenera kulingalira za thandizo la akatswiri pantchito za bankirapuse.

Pali mabungwe ambiri azamalamulo ku Russia omwe ali oyenerera ndipo amathandizira anthu kulengeza za bankirapuse. Kutembenukira kwa akatswiri kumapulumutsa nzika kuti isafufuze pamitundu yonse yamalamulo.

Kuphatikiza apo, akatswiri omwe adziwa zambiri pokhudzana ndi bankirapuse athandiza wobwereketsa kupeza yankho lopindulitsa kwambiri pamavuto azachuma, kupatula nthawi ndi ndalama. Nawa makampani omwe ntchito yawo yayikulu ndiyothandizidwa pakuwonongeka.

Chifukwa chake, mndandanda wamakampani odziwika kwambiri komanso odziwika bwino omwe achita bankirapuse a anthu komanso amalonda aliyense payekha ndi awa:

1. Kampani "National Center for Bankruptcy"

Bungweli lakhala ndi zaka zambiri likugwira ntchito zake m'mizinda ikuluikulu (likulu) komanso zigawo. Mutha kupempha thandizo kuchokera kumzinda waukulu komanso ku dera lachigawo la dziko lathu.

2. Kampani "Ntchito Yonse ya Russian Bankruptcy"

Bungwe lomwe lili ndi nthambi zambiri m'mizinda ikuluikulu ya Russian Federation. Kampani yodalirika (m'modzi mwa atsogoleri pantchito yake) yomwe imalangiza makasitomala onse kunja ndi pa intaneti.

3. Lekani Ngongole Company

Bungwe lapaderadera lomwe limangothetsa mikangano ndi makampani azachuma (osati okha). Ngati mukufuna thandizo pobweza ngongole ndi ngongole zina, mutha kulumikizana ndi kampaniyi.

4. Kampani "FinYurist"

Kampani ina yokhudza bankirapuse ya anthu komanso amalonda ku Russia konse (maofesi m'mizinda yayikulu). Pali mwayi wolandila kwaulere pafoni komanso pa intaneti.

8. Zolakwa pamilandu yabodza yongopeka (mwadala) ya anthu ndi amalonda payekha

Bankirapuse yachinyengo ndikuwonetsera dala zabodza zokhudza momwe ndalama zilili. Mothandizidwa ndi njira zabodza za bankirapuse, anthu payekha komanso amalonda amayesetsa kuchotsa ngongole zomwe ali nazo ndikukwaniritsa zomwe adzalandire pambuyo pake.

Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zochitika motere anthu wamba ndikufuna kuchotsa ngongole za ngongole.

Ochita bizinesi ngati bankirapuse atayika, amayesa kutseka bizinesi yopanda phindu.

Kumbukiranikuti mulandu uzikhala zonse ndipo mokwanira kusanthula maumboni onse, kupereka kuwunika kwa zinthu zomwe zilipo, kugulitsa kotsirizidwa ndi mapangano.

Nthawi zambiri, kuwunikiridwa kwathunthu kwa mlanduwu kumawulula zonena zachinyengo.

Kuphatikiza apo, zomwe akumana nazo pakusamalira ndalama zimalola akatswiri kuti azindikire kuti ndi bankirapuse.

Zizindikiro za bankruptcy yopeka:

• kugulitsa, komwe kuli malo ndi nyumba, zidapangidwa ndi abale apafupi, abale awo kapena anzawo ena (ena);
• ndalama zidatengedwa kumaakaunti a anthu osaloledwa kapena mabungwe;
• kukaikira za kugulitsanso zinthu zamtengo wapatali, zodzikongoletsera ndi zinthu zina zodula pamtengo wotsika kwambiri.

Zovuta za bankirapuse ndichinyengo kwambiri - kumangidwa chifukwa chachinyengo komanso chindapusa chachikulu... Chilango china - mpaka zaka 5 zothandiza anthu.

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kutsatira zonse zomwe zikuchitika pakuchotsa ndalama ndi bankirapuse.

Timalimbikitsanso kuti tiwerenge nkhaniyi yokhudza kuchotsedwa kwa kampani ya LLC, yomwe imafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane malangizo amomwe mungatsekere LLC, kuphatikiza pakuchitika kwa bankrupt.

9. Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi okhudza bankirapuse ya anthu komanso amalonda aliyense 🔔

Ganizirani mafunso omwe ogwiritsa ntchito amafunsa pamutu wofalitsa:

Funso 1. Kodi bankirapuse amawononga ndalama zingati?

Mtengo wa bankirapuse wa munthu wachinsinsi umakhala ndi zinthu zingapo:

1. kutumiza fomu yofunsira ndi phukusi lofunikira kubwalo lamilandu, wopemphayo malinga ndi malamulo amisonkho aku Russia (kuyambira 01.01.2017) ayenera perekani chindapusa cha boma pamlingo wa 300 Ma ruble (kuchuluka kumasintha nthawi ndi nthawi, kuchuluka kwa ntchito yaboma kungapezeke patsamba la Federal tax Service);
2. Mtengo wa njira za bankirapuse umaphatikizaponso kulipidwa kwa omwe amayang'anira ndalama. Mtengo wapakati wazithandizo ndi 25 000 Ma ruble.

Zofunika! Zikapezeka kuti omwe ali ndi ngongole adapereka kale fomu yolengeza kuti wobwereketsa wabweza, ndalama za boma sizilipidwa.

Ngati wokongoletsayo alibe ndalama zolipira ntchito za manejala, atha kufunsa kuti alipire pang'ono ndi pang'ono.

Funso 2. Kodi bankirapuse amatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Njira yolengeza kuti bankirapuse ndi yayitali kwambiri. Ndi nthawi yambiri ndipo imafuna kuleza mtima.

Woyimira nyumba yamalamulo wakhazikitsa masiku omaliza otsatirawa pamagawo azachuma a anthu:

• gawo lokonzekera: kulemba fomu yofunsira ndikukonzekera zikalata zofunikira - pafupifupi mwezi umodzi;
• kulingalira za kugwiritsa ntchito kukhothi kumatenga nthawi yayitali kuchokera milungu iwiri mpaka miyezi itatu;
• ngati avomerezedwa lingaliro lokonzanso ngongole - kuchokera miyezi 3 mpaka zaka 3;
• liti bankirapuse ndi kugulitsa katundu wa wobwereketsa - pafupifupi miyezi 6.

Zotsatira zake, malinga ndi zikhalidwe zonse zakanthawi, khothi lamilandu yokhudza bankirapuse kumatenga oposa 1 chaka.

Funso 3. Kodi chiwopsezo cha bankirapuse nchotani?

Amalonda ambiri am'mabizinesi amatenga ngongole kwa omwe amachita mabizinesi osiyanasiyana ndi ngongole zosiyanasiyana zachitukuko cha bizinesi. Malinga ndi lamulo latsopanoli, ili ndi gawo lochititsa chidwi la ngongole yonse ya wochita bizinesi, pamaziko omwe amatha kulembetsa bankirapuse.

Kumbukirani kuti kuchuluka kwa ngongole zomwe zingathetsedwe chifukwa cha bankirapuse, osaphatikizapo ngongole pa alimony, pamalipiro akuvulaza thanzi.

Anthu ambiri amalonda amaganiza kuti podzilengeza kuti ndi banki, adzathetsa mavuto azachuma... Komabe, bankirapuse amatanthauza zoletsa zazikulu.

Ali m'njira zambiri zofananira ndi mavuto omwe amabuka pakuwonongeka kwa anthu, ndizodziwika bwino:

• wochita bizinesi amataya mwayi wokhala wochita bizinesi payekha;
• zidziwitso zaku bankirapuse za munthu aliyense wophatikizidwa zimaphatikizidwa ndi Unified State Register of Legal Entities (Unified State Register of Legal Entities);
• pasanathe zaka 5 bankirapuse, kulembetsanso kampani yatsopano yamakampani ndikuletsedwa.

Vuto lofunika kwambiri lomwe linabwera chifukwa cha bankirapuse a bankrupt - udindo wakubweza ngongole umawononga kwambiri mbiri yamabizinesi wake.

Pomaliza, tikupempha kuti tiwonere kanema kuchokera kwa katswiri (Mutu wa dipatimenti yachitetezo cha bankirapuse wa Federal tax Service Inspectorate):

Timatsindikanso kuti bankirapuse ya munthu kapena wabizinesi payekha Ndi njira yovuta komanso pang'onopang'ono yomwe imafunikira ndalama zambiri komanso nthawi kuchokera kwa nzika. Kuphatikiza apo, kuzindikira kuti iwo alibe ngongole ndi chinthu chosasangalatsa komanso chokwiyitsa chomwe chimachotsera munthu wachinsinsi mphamvu zambiri zamakhalidwe.

Kuti mutenge gawo loyenera chonchi, muyenera kuyeza zonse mosamala kwambiri, ndikuwunika zotsatira zamachitidwe anu mtsogolo.

Pakadali pano, pomwe malamulo oyendetsera bankirapuse ayenera kusintha ndikukonzanso, njira za bankirap ziyenera kuyamba pa wopanikizika kwambiri pakalibe njira ina yothanirana ndi mavuto azachuma.

Gulu la Maganizo a Life likukufunirani zabwino zonse komanso kuchita bwino pazochitika zanu zalamulo. Ngati muli ndi ndemanga kapena mafunso okhudzana ndi bankirapuse (IP), afunseni mu ndemanga pansipa.

Onerani kanemayo: Chichewa basics 2 (September 2024).