Cairo Museum - malo osungira zakale kwambiri ku Egypt

Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ya Cairo ndi malo osungira zinthu zakale omwe amakhala ndi zinthu zakale kwambiri ku Egypt. Malowa ali pakatikati pa likulu la Egypt, pamalo ake otchuka a Tahrir. Lero, chiwonetsero cha malo owonetsera zakale chimapitilira mayunitsi zikwi 160. Zosonkhanitsa zolemera zimakhala pansi pa nyumbayi, yomwe ili penti yakuda ofiira.

Zinthu zomwe zatoleredwa pamsonkhanowu zimakupatsani mwayi wofufuza mbiri yakale ya Egypt wakale. Kuphatikiza apo, amafotokoza zambiri m'moyo, osati chitukuko chokha, komanso zigawo za mdziko muno. Tsopano olamulira akumaloko akufuna kusinthira Museum of Cairo kukhala chikhalidwe chapadziko lonse lapansi, potero amakopa chidwi chatsambali. Ndipo posachedwapa ntchito yomanga nyumba yatsopano yayamba, pomwe nyumbayi isunthidwe posachedwa.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 19, achifwamba adasefukira ku Egypt, omwe adayamba kulanda zinthu zakale m'manda a farao pamlingo wosayerekezereka. Msika wakuda unali malonda otukuka pazinthu zamtengo wapatali zakuba zomwe zidafukulidwa m'mabwinja. Panthawiyo, kutumizako kunja kwa zinthu zakale sizinayendetsedwe ndi malamulo aliwonse, choncho achifwambawo adagulitsa katundu wawo modekha ndikulandila phindu lalikulu. Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli mu 1835, akuluakulu aboma adaganiza zopanga Dipatimenti Yakale Zakale ku Egypt komanso malo osungira zinthu zakale. Koma pambuyo pake idakumananso mobwerezabwereza ndi achifwamba.

Auguste Mariet, katswiri wazachipembedzo waku Egypt wochokera ku France, adadabwa kuti ngakhale akuluakulu aboma amalephera kuthana ndi achifwambawo, ndipo adaganiza zokonza izi payekha. Mu 1859, wasayansiyo adatsogolera Dipatimenti ya Antiquities ya Egypt ndikusamutsa kusonkhanitsa kwake kudera la Bulak ku Cairo, lomwe lili kumanzere kwa mtsinje wa Nailo. Munali pano mu 1863 pomwe kutsegulidwa koyamba kwa Museum of Ancient Egypt Art kudachitika. M'tsogolomu, Mariet adaumirira kuti kumangidwe kampani yayikulu, yomwe anthu aku Egypt adavomera, koma chifukwa cha mavuto azachuma adalepheretsa ntchitoyi.

Mu 1881, osadikirira kuti amange nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale zazikulu, Mariet adamwalira ndikusinthidwa ndi katswiri wina waku France waku Egypt - Gaston Maspero. Mu 1984, mpikisano udachitika pakati pa makampani amisiri kuti apange zomangamanga zamtsogolo za Cairo Egypt Museum. Kupambana kumeneku kunapindulidwa ndi womanga nyumba wochokera ku France Marcel Durnon, yemwe adapereka zojambula za nyumbayo, zopangidwa mu neoclassical bozar. Ntchito yomanga bungweli idayamba mu 1898 ndipo idatenga zaka ziwiri ndendende, pambuyo pake zinthu zambiri zidayamba kunyamulidwa kupita ku nyumbayi.

Mu 1902, Museum of Egypt idatsegulidwa: mwambowu udachitikira ndi Pasha mwiniwake ndi mamembala am'banja lake, nthumwi za aristocracy wamba ndi akazitape angapo akunja. Mkulu woyang'anira nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, Gaston Maspero, analiponso. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mpaka pakati pa zaka za zana la 20, ndi anthu akunja okha omwe anali atsogoleri a bungweli, ndipo mu 1950 kokha Aigupto adalanda koyamba.

Zachisoni, koma m'mbiri yaposachedwa ya Museum of Egypt ku Cairo, milandu yakuba ziwonetsero zofunikira zidalembedwa. Chifukwa chake, mu 2011, pamisonkhano yopanga zisankho ku Egypt, owononga nyumba adaswa mawindo, adaba ndalama ku box office ndikuchotsa pazinyumba 18 zodziwika bwino zomwe sizinapezeke.

Chiwonetsero cha Museum

Cairo Museum of Egypt Antiquities yafalikira pamitundu iwiri. Chipinda choyamba chimakhala ndi Rotunda ndi Atrium, komanso maholo a Kingdom, Middle and New Kingdoms. Zojambula zakale za nthawi ya Amarna zikuwonetsedwanso pano. Zosonkhanitsazo zakonzedwa motsatira nthawi yake, chifukwa chake muyenera kuyamba kuzidziwa ndikuyenda motsatizana polowera. Ndi zisonyezero ziti zomwe zingawonedwe pa chipinda choyamba cha nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale?

Rotunda

Mwa zina zomwe zikuwonetsedwa ku Rotunda, chifanizo cha miyala yamiyala ya Farao Djoser, chomwe chidayikidwa m'manda a wolamulira m'zaka za zana la 27 BC, chikuyenera kusamalidwa mwapadera. Asayansi ambiri amavomereza kuti unali ulamuliro wake womwe udakhala poyambira kutulutsa kwa Old Kingdom. Komanso ku Rotunda ndizosangalatsa kuwona zifanizo za Ramses II - m'modzi mwa mafarao akulu kwambiri ku Aigupto, wotchuka chifukwa chakupambana kwake pandale zakunja ndi zoweta. Nawa mafano a Amenhotep, womanga nyumba wotchuka komanso mlembi wa New Kingdom, yemwe adamupanga mulungu atamwalira.

Atrium

Pakhomo, Atrium amakupatsani moni ndi matailosi okongoletsera, omwe akuwonetsa chochitika chofunikira m'mbiri ya Egypt wakale - kuphatikiza maufumu awiri, woyambitsidwa ndi wolamulira Menes mzaka za 31st BC. Mukalowa mkati mwa holo, mupeza ma piramidi - miyala yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe a piramidi, omwe, monga lamulo, adayikidwiratu pamwamba pa mapiramidi aku Egypt. Apa muwonanso sarcophagi angapo ochokera ku New Kingdom, pomwe manda a Merneptah, odziwika ndi ludzu la moyo wosafa, amadziwika.

M'badwo wa Ufumu Wakale

Museum of Egypt ku Cairo imapereka chithunzi chabwino kwambiri cha nthawi ya Old Kingdom (zaka 28 mpaka 21 BC). Pa nthawi imeneyo, Aigupto a mafumu a 3 mpaka 6 ankalamulira ku Aigupto wakale, omwe adatha kupanga boma lamphamvu. Nthawi imeneyi idadziwika ndikukula kwachuma, ndale komanso chikhalidwe cha dzikolo. M'maholo mutha kuyang'ana zifanizo zingapo za akuluakulu ofunikira komanso antchito a olamulira. Makamaka chidwi ndi mafano amphongo omwe kale ankasamalira zovala za farao.

Palinso chiwonetsero chamtengo wapatali monga ndevu za sphinx, kapena chidutswa chake cha mita 1. Chojambula cha Tsarevich Rahotep, chojambulidwa ndi zofiira, komanso chifanizo cha khungu la mkazi wake Nefert, ndichosangalatsanso. Kusiyana komweku kwamtundu ndikofala kwambiri muukadaulo waku Egypt wakale. Kuphatikiza apo, m'maholo akale, mipando yachifumu ndi chifanizo cha a Cheops pakuwonetsera.

Nthawi ya Middle Kingdom

Apa, ziwonetsero za Museum of Cairo zidayamba zaka za 21-17. BC, pomwe mafumu a 11 ndi 12 a ma farao adalamulira. Nthawi ino imadziwika ndikutuluka kwatsopano, koma kufooketsa mphamvu yapakati. Mwina chosema chachikulu cha gawoli chinali chifanizo chosasangalatsa cha Mentuhotep Nebhepetra wokhala ndi mikono yopingasa, utoto wakuda. Pano mutha kuphunziranso ziboliboli khumi za Senusret, zomwe zidabwera kuno molunjika kuchokera kumanda a wolamulira.

Kumbuyo kwa holoyo, ndizosangalatsa kuyang'ana zifaniziro zazing'ono zingapo zokhala ndi nkhope zosangalatsa. Chiwerengero cha miyala yamiyala iwiri ya Amenemkhet III ndichosangalatsanso: amadziwika kuti adadzipangira mapiramidi awiri nthawi imodzi, umodzi mwa iwo unali wakuda. Potuluka ndimachita chidwi ndi zifanizo za zinsalu zisanu zokhala ndi mitu ya mkango ndi nkhope za anthu.

Nthawi ya Ufumu Watsopano

Egypt Museum of Antiquities ku Cairo ikulemba mbiri ya New Kingdom mokwanira. Nthawi imeneyi imafotokoza mbiri kuyambira pakati pa zaka za zana la 16 mpaka theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 11 BC. Amadziwika ndi kulamulira mafumu ofunikira - 18, 19 ndi 20. Nthawiyo nthawi zambiri imafotokozedwa kuti ndi nthawi yopambana kwambiri pantchito zaku Egypt.

Choyamba, m'chigawo chino, chidwi cha chifanizo cha Hatshepsut, farao wamkazi yemwe adakwanitsa kubwezeretsa dzikolo pambuyo pa kuwukira koopsa kwa a Hyksos. Chifaniziro cha mwana wake wamwamuna wopeza Thutmose III, yemwe adatchuka chifukwa chankhondo zake zingapo, adayikidwapo nthawi yomweyo. Mu holo ina muli ma sphinx angapo okhala ndi mitu ya Hatshepsut ndi abale ake.

Zithunzi zingapo zitha kuwoneka mgawo la New Kingdom. Chimodzi mwazodziwikiratu ndi chithunzi chachikuda chochokera m'kachisi wa Ramses II, chomwe chikuwonetsa wolamulira akupeputsa adani aku Egypt. Potuluka mudzapeza fano la Farao yemweyo, koma waperekedwa kale ngati mwana.

Nthawi ya Amarna

Gawo lalikulu la malo owonetsera zakale ku Cairo amaperekedwa munthawi ya Amarna. Nthawi imeneyi idadziwika ndi ulamuliro wa a Farao Akhenaten ndi Nefertiti, omwe adagwa m'zaka za m'ma 14-13. BC. Luso la nthawi imeneyi limadziwika ndikumizidwa kwakukulu mwatsatanetsatane wa moyo wachinsinsi wa olamulira. Kuphatikiza pa ziboliboli zomwe zimachitika mchipindacho, mutha kuwona mwala wosonyeza malo odyera m'mawa kapena, tayala losonyeza momwe wolamulirayo amaponyera mchikuta wa mlongo wake. Zithunzi ndi mapale a cuneiform amawonetsedwanso apa. Manda a Akhenaten ndiwopatsa chidwi, momwe magalasi ndi golide amafotokozedwa.

Museum pansi pabwalo

Chipinda chachiwiri cha nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ku Cairo chimaperekedwa kwa farao Tutankhamun ndi mummies. Zipinda zingapo ndizosungidwa mwazinthu zofananira ndi moyo ndi imfa ya mnyamata mfumu, yemwe ulamuliro wake sunakhalitse ngakhale zaka 10. Zosonkhanitsazo zimaphatikizapo zinthu 1,700, kuphatikiza zinthu zamaliro zomwe zimapezeka m'manda a Tutankhamun. M'chigawo chino mutha kuyang'ana pampando wachifumu, zodzikongoletsera, mabasiketi, bedi lokutidwa, zotengera za alabaster, zithumwa, nsapato, zovala ndi zinthu zina zachifumu.

Komanso pa chipinda chachiwiri pali zipinda zingapo momwe mumawonetsedwa mitembo ya mbalame ndi nyama, yomwe idabweretsedwa ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale kuchokera ku necropolises zosiyanasiyana zaku Egypt. Mpaka 1981, holo imodzi idaperekedweratu ku nyumba zachifumu, koma Aigupto adakhumudwitsidwa ndikuti phulusa la olamulira lidawonetsedwa. Chifukwa chake, idayenera kutsekedwa. Komabe, lero aliyense ali ndi mwayi wolipirira ndalama zowonjezeranso kukayendera chipinda chomwe mumayikapo ma mummie 11 a farao. Makamaka, zotsalira za olamulira otchuka monga Ramses II ndi Seti I.

Yerekezerani mitengo ya malo ogwiritsira ntchito Fomu iyi

Zambiri zothandiza

• Adilesi: Midan El Tahrir, Cairo, Egypt.
• Maola otseguka: kuyambira Lachitatu mpaka Lachisanu nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imatsegulidwa kuyambira 09:00 mpaka 17:00, Loweruka ndi Lamlungu kuyambira 10:00 mpaka 18:00. Anatseka Lolemba ndi Lachiwiri.
• Mtengo wololedwa: tikiti ya akulu - $ 9, tikiti ya ana (kuyambira zaka 5 mpaka 9) - $ 5, ana ochepera zaka 4 ndiulere.
• Webusaiti yathu: https://egyptianmuseum.org.

Mitengo patsamba ili ndi ya Marichi 2020.

Malangizo Othandiza

Ngati mudakopeka ndi malongosoledwe ndi chithunzi cha Museum of Cairo, ndipo mukuganiza zopita ku bungweli, onetsetsani kuti mwamvera malangizo omwe ali pansipa.

1. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ya Cairo ili ndi zimbudzi zaulere, koma azimayi oyeretsera akuyesera kupusitsa alendo kuti awafunse kuti alipire ndalama zogwiritsa ntchito zimbudzi. Mukakumana ndi zotere, omasuka kukana kulipira ndikunyalanyaza zachinyengozo.
2. Ku Cairo Museum, kujambula kumaloledwa popanda kung'anima. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ndizoletsedwa kuwombera m'chigawochi ndi Tutankhamun.
3. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mukamagula malo opita ku Museum of Cairo, owongolera anu sangakupatseni nthawi yokwanira kuti muwonetse ziwonetserozi. Simungakhale nayo nthawi yophunzira zosonkhanitsira moyenera. Chifukwa chake, ngati zingatheke, konzekerani ulendo wodziyimira pawokha kukopeka.
4. Mutha kupita ku Museum of Cairo nokha pamtunda, kutsika pa station ya Sadat. Ndiye muyenera kungotsatira zizindikilo.

Kuyendera maholo akulu a Museum of Cairo:

Onerani kanemayo: Egyptology - Pyramid Construction (September 2024).