Ma Kurds: ndi ndani, mbiri, chipembedzo, gawo lokhalamo
Kurdistan ili kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Western Asia. Kurdistan si boma, ndi gawo la mafuko omwe ali m'maiko 4 osiyanasiyana: kum'mawa kwa Turkey, kumadzulo kwa Iran, kumpoto kwa Iraq ndi kumpoto kwa Syria.
KUDZIWA! Masiku ano pali achikurdi pakati pa 20 ndi 30 miliyoni.
Kuphatikiza apo, pafupifupi mamiliyoni 2 oimira amtunduwu amwazika kudera la Europe ndi America. M'magawo awa, a Kurds akhazikitsa midzi yayikulu. M'dera la CIS pafupifupi 200-400 anthu amakhala. Makamaka ku Armenia ndi Azerbaijan.
Mbiri ya anthu
Poganizira zamtundu wamtunduwu, a Kurds ali pafupi ndi Armenia, Georgia ndi Azerbaijanis.
A Kurds ndi mtundu wolankhula ku Irani. Oimira amtunduwu amapezeka ku Transcaucasus. Anthu awa amalankhula makamaka zilankhulo ziwiri - Kurmanji ndi Sorani.
Uyu ndi m'modzi mwa anthu akale kwambiri omwe amakhala ku Middle East. A Kurds ndi dziko lofunika kwambiri lomwe lilibe mphamvu. Kudziyimira pawokha pa Kurd kuli ku Iraq kokha ndipo kumatchedwa boma la Kurdish Regional Iraq.
Oimira amtunduwu akhala akumenyera nkhondo kukhazikitsidwa kwa Kurdistan kwa zaka pafupifupi 20. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti mayiko ambiri akuyesera kusewera khadi la dziko lino lero. Mwachitsanzo, United States ndi Israel, mogwirizana ndi Turkey, amathandizira pomenya nkhondo yolimbana ndi gulu ladziko la Kurdish. Russia, Syria ndi Greece ndi otsatira chipani cha Kurdistan Workers 'Party.
Chidwi ichi chitha kufotokozedwa mosavuta - ku Kurdistan pali zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe, mwachitsanzo, mafuta.
Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa chokomera malo, omwe agonjetsa mayiko osiyanasiyana adachita chidwi ndi maiko amenewa. Panali zoyesera kupondereza, kupondereza, kufanana ndi chifuniro. Kuyambira kale mpaka lero, anthu amtunduwu akhala akumenya nkhondo yolimbana ndi omwe adzawabweretsere nkhondo.
M'zaka za zana la 16th, nkhondo zidachitika, zoyambitsidwa ndi Iran ndi Ufumu wa Ottoman. Kulimbirana kunamenyedwera mwayi wokhala ndi minda ya Kurdistan.
Mu 1639, mgwirizano wa Zohab udamalizidwa, malinga ndi momwe Kurdistan idagawika pakati pa Ufumu wa Ottoman ndi Iran. Izi zidakhala ngati chonamizira cha nkhondo ndipo zidagawaniza anthu osakwatira mamiliyoni ambirimbiri ndi malire, omwe posakhalitsa adapha dziko la Kurdish.
Utsogoleri wa Ottoman ndi Iran udalimbikitsa kuyanjana pazandale komanso zachuma, kenako ndikuchotseratu madera ofooka a Kurdistan. Zonsezi zidapangitsa kuti boma ligawanike.
Chiwembu chavidiyo
Chipembedzo ndi chilankhulo
Oimira mayiko akunja amakhulupirira zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana. Ambiri achikurdi ali mchipembedzo chachiSilamu, koma pakati pawo pali Alawites, Shiite, Christian. Pafupifupi anthu 2 miliyoni amitundu amadziona ngati chikhulupiriro chisanachitike Chisilamu, chomwe chimatchedwa "Yezidism" ndipo amadzitcha kuti Yezidis. Koma, mosasamala kanthu za zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana, oimira anthu amatcha Zoroastrianism chikhulupiriro chawo chenicheni.
Zambiri za Yezidis:
- Ndiwo anthu akale kwambiri ku Mesopotamiya. Amalankhula chilankhulo chapadera cha Kurmanji, chilankhulo cha Kurdish.
- Yezidi aliyense amabadwa kuchokera kwa bambo a Yezidi Kurd, ndipo mayi aliyense wolemekezeka amatha kukhala mayi.
- Chipembedzochi chimadziwika osati ndi a Yezidi Kurds okha, komanso ndi ena oimira mtundu wa Kurdish.
- Mitundu yonse ya Kurds yomwe imati imakhulupirira izi imatha kuonedwa ngati Yazidis.
Chisilamu cha Sunni ndiye gawo lalikulu pachisilamu. Kodi Kurds a Sunni ndi ndani? Chipembedzochi chimawerengedwa kuti ndi chipembedzo chokhazikitsidwa pa "Sunnah" - maziko ndi malamulo ena, kutengera chitsanzo cha moyo wa Mneneri Muhammad.
Gawo lokhalamo
A Kurds ndi dziko lalikulu kwambiri lomwe lili ndi "mayiko ochepa". Palibe chidziwitso chenicheni pa nambala yawo. Magwero osiyanasiyana ali ndi ziwerengero zotsutsana: kuyambira anthu 13 mpaka 40 miliyoni.
Amakhala ku Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Iran, Russia, Turkmenistan, Germany, France, Sweden, Netherlands, Britain, Austria ndi mayiko ena.
Chofunika cha mkangano ndi anthu a ku Turkey
Uku ndikumenyana pakati pa akuluakulu aku Turkey ndi asitikali a Kurdistan Workers 'Party, omwe akumenyera ufulu wodziyimira pawokha m'boma la Turkey. Chiyambi chake chidayamba mchaka cha 1989, mpaka lero.
Kuchiyambi kwa zaka za zana la 20, anthuwa amadziwika kuti ndi akulu kwambiri, omwe alibe boma. Mgwirizano wamtendere wa Sevres, womwe udasainidwa mu 1920, umapereka kukhazikitsidwa kwa Kurdistan wodziyimira pawokha mdera la Turkey. Koma sizinayambe zayamba kugwira ntchito. Pangano la Lausanne litasainidwa, lidathetsedwa palimodzi. Munthawi ya 1920-1930, a Kurds adapandukira boma la Turkey, koma nkhondoyi sinapambane.
Chiwembu chavidiyo
Nkhani zomaliza
Ndondomeko za Russia ndi Turkey ndizofanana pakufuna kwawo kukhazikitsa ubale wopanda ufulu wa hegemon. Pamodzi, mayiko awiriwa amathandizira kuyanjanitsa Syria. Komabe, Washington ikupereka zida ku magulu achikurdi okhala ku Syria, komwe Ankara amatcha zigawenga. Kuphatikiza apo, a White House sakufuna kusiya wolalikira wakale, wowonekera pagulu Fethullah Gulen, yemwe amakhala ku ukapolo wodziyimira pawokha ku Pennsylvania. Akumuneneza kuti akufuna kuyesa kulanda boma ndi boma la Turkey. Turkey ikuwopseza kuti ingachitepo kanthu "motsutsana ndi mnzake waku NATO.