Kodi zimbalangondo zakutchire ndi ma penguin amakhala kuti?
Malinga ndi zomwe ambiri amakhulupirira, zimbalangondo zakumtunda ndi ma penguin amakhala komwe kuli chipale chofewa ndi ayezi ambiri. Izi ndi zoona, koma ngakhale mitunduyi imakonda zinthu zowopsa, sizikhala m'dera lomwelo m'chilengedwe. Zimbalangondo zakumtunda zimakonda Arctic, pomwe ma penguin amakonda Antarctica. Tiyeni tiwone bwino komwe zimbalangondo zakutchire ndi anyani amakhala.
Zimbalangondo zakumtunda - malo okhala ndi zizolowezi
M'malo awo achilengedwe, zimbalangondo zakumapiri zimakhala mdera la North Pole. Nyama izi zimasinthidwa kukhala ndi moyo kumpoto kovuta komwe kumatentha kwambiri. Chifukwa cha nkhokwe zawo zokongola zamafuta ochepa ndi ubweya wakuda, zimbalangondo zakumtunda zimamva bwino pamtunda komanso m'madzi oundana. Malo oterewa samalepheretsa nyama zazikuluzikulu kukhala ndi moyo wathunthu.
Zimbalangondo zakumtunda zimakhala m'malo achilengedwe m'maiko angapo, kuphatikiza Russia, Greenland, Canada, Alaska ndi Norway. Zilombo zazikuluzikulu sizimakonda kusamukira kwina; amakhala m'dera linalake, amakonda madera okhala ndi madzi otseguka, chifukwa nsomba ndizomwe amakonda kwambiri zimbalangondo.
M'nyengo yachilimwe, zimbalangondo zakumtunda zimabalalikira chifukwa chakutentha. Zinyama zina zimapezeka ngakhale ku North Pole. Masiku ano, kuchuluka kwa nyamazi, poyerekeza ndi zaka zam'mbuyomu, ndikuchepa, koma osati kovuta, ndiye kuti ndi koyambirira kwambiri kuti tisanene zakusowa kwa mitunduyo padziko lapansi.
Chimbalangondo cha kumtunda ndi chilombo chachikulu. Mwachilengedwe, amuna olemera mpaka 800 kg amapezeka nthawi zambiri. Kulemera kwake kwamphongo ndi makilogalamu 450. Akazi amalemera theka, koma asanakhale m'nyengo yozizira kapena ali ndi pakati, amawonjezera thupi lawo kwambiri. Chimbalangondo chofiirira amadziwika kuti ndi m'bale wapafupi kwambiri wa chimbalangondo, chifukwa chake kuwoloka mitundu iyi kumatha bwino.
Zodziwika bwino zamakhalidwe azanyengo za zimbalangondo
Ndizodabwitsa kuti zimbalangondo zakumtunda sizikhala ndi nthawi yopumula. Amakhalabe achangu chaka chonse. Pakufika nyengo yozizira, nyama zikupeza mafuta ochepa.
Zimbalangondo zakumtunda zimatchedwa mthunzi wa ubweya wawo. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zimagwiritsa ntchito ubweya kubisa. Luso la zimbalangondo zakumtunda limafunika chisamaliro chapadera. Zikamadikirira nyama zolusa, zilombo zazikuluzikuluzi zimaphimba mphuno zawo ndi mawoko awo, komwe ndi mdima wokhawo. M'nyengo yotentha, ubweya wa chimbalangondo umatenga utoto. Ichi ndiye choyenera cha cheza cha ultraviolet.
Ndikufuna kudziwa kuti chimbalangondo chakumtunda chimakhala ndi "diresi" yambirimbiri. Khungu lakuda, lomwe limayamwa kutentha kwa dzuwa, limakutidwa ndi malaya amkati. Nyamayi imakhalanso ndi tsitsi lalitali loteteza. Amawonekera poyera ndipo amakhala ndi matenthedwe abwino kwambiri.
Zimbalangondo za polar ndizolimba kwambiri. Ngakhale ali ndi kulemera kwabwino thupi, nyamazo zimayenda mwachangu, ndikupeza mwayi wothamanga. Nthawi zambiri, kufunafuna nyama, chilombo chimaposa mamita 500.
Chimbalangondo cha kumalo ozizira chimamvanso bwino m'madzi. Popanda kupuma, amasambira mpaka 1 km. Nyamayi imalumphanso bwino kwambiri. Kwa mphindi zisanu, amachita mwakachetechete kusodza.
Zakudya za chimbalangondo zimaphatikizira nsomba, nyanja komanso nyama zapamtunda. Nthawi zina zisindikizo zimakhalanso patebulo la chilombocho. Chifukwa cha mafuta abwino, samadya kwa nthawi yayitali, koma ngati akumwetulira, amadya nyama yokwana makilogalamu 20 nthawi imodzi.
Zimbalangondo zakumtunda sizimamwa. Amalandira madzi omwe amafunikira kuti akhale ndi moyo wonse kuchokera ku chakudya cha nyama. Dziwani kuti chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira, satuluka thukuta kwambiri. Chifukwa chake samataya chinyezi.
Penguin - malo okhala ndi zizolowezi
Ma Penguin ndi mbalame zoseketsa. Zili ndi mapiko, koma sizimauluka. Yotopetsa pamtunda, koma yokongola kwambiri m'madzi. Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti amangokhala m'dera la Antarctica. Izi sizoona. Gawo ili la dziko lapansi limakhala ndi mitundu 3 yokha, mitundu yonseyo imakonda madera otentha.
Kupatula nthawi yobereketsa ndi kudyetsa ana, anyani amakhala m'madzi otseguka ku Southern Hemisphere. Mbalame zambiri zimakhala ku Antarctica komanso kudera lazilumba zapafupi. M'madera otentha, amapezeka m'malo ozizira kwambiri.Zilumba za Galapagos, zomwe zili pafupi ndi equator, zimawerengedwa kuti ndi malo okhala kumpoto kwenikweni kwa anyani.
Kodi ma penguin amapezeka kuti?
- Antarctica... Kontinenti yokhala ndi nyengo yovuta, ayezi wamuyaya komanso kutentha kotsika kwambiri kwakhala malo abwino amoyo wa chinstrap ndi emperor penguins, komanso mitundu ya Adélie. Kuyambira koyambirira kwa masika mpaka nthawi yophukira, amakhala munyanja, pambuyo pake amabwerera kumtunda, amalumikizana m'magawo, amamanga zisa, amaberekana ndi kudyetsa ana.
- Africa... Gombe lotentha la ku Africa, lotsukidwa ndimadzi ozizira a Benguela, lidasankhidwa ndi ma penguin owoneka bwino. Mitunduyi imakhala yosangalatsa kucheza. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti alendo ambiri amabwera ku Cape of Good Hope chaka chilichonse kudzakumana ndi mbalame zosaiwalika.
- Australia... Penguin waku Australia kapena wabuluu amakhala kuno. Zimasiyana ndi mitundu ina polemera pang'ono komanso kukula pang'ono - 1 kg ndi 35 cm, motsatana. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri choyimira mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri chimayikidwa pachilumba cha Phillip. Oyenda amayendera malowa kukasilira Penguin Parade. Mbalame zing'onozing'ono zimasonkhana m'mphepete mwa madzi m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, kenako zimayenda kupita kumaenje awo m'mapiri amchenga.
- Argentina... Zilumba za Orkney ndi Shetland ndizanyumba za King Penguins, zomwe zimakula mpaka mita imodzi. Akuluakulu aku Latin America amateteza mbalamezi munjira iliyonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu aziwonjezeka.
- New Zealand... Zilumbazi ndizokhala ndi ma penguin okongola kwambiri - mitundu yosowa kwambiri. Mbali yawo yosiyana ndikukhala awiriawiri. Iwo sapita kumudzi. Chifukwa cha anthu ochepa, mitunduyi ikutetezedwa.
- South Atlantic... Macaroni penguin amapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Chile, zilumba za Falkland ndi Tierra del Fuego. Madera awo akuluakulu amakopa alendo ndi kuyimba kodabwitsa kwa amuna, komwe kumakopa akazi.
- Peru... Nyanja yaku Peru, yomwe nyengo yozizira imayenda, ndiye malo okhala anyani a Humboldt. Pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, chiwerengero chawo chimachepa pachaka, chonsecho pali mitundu 12,000.
Monga mukuwonera, pali mitundu ingapo yamitundu ya anyani, iliyonse yomwe imakhala mchimake chodabwitsa. Mbalamezi ndizapadera, ndipo umunthu umangokakamizidwa kuti uwonetsetse kuti akupitilizabe kutisangalatsa ndi mawonekedwe apadera komanso mawonekedwe ena.
Makhalidwe azikhalidwe za anyani
Moyo wa anyani ndi wachilendo kwambiri. Ndizosadabwitsa, chifukwa mbalame zopanda ndegezi zimagwiritsa ntchito mapiko ngati zipsepse, ndipo makolo onse amatenga nawo mbali polera ndi kudyetsa ana.
Mu ma penguin, nthawi yocheza imatha ndikukhazikitsa ana. Zotsatira za kuyanjana kwa banja limodzi ndi dzira. Imafunika kutetezedwa ku chisanu, apo ayi, motsogozedwa ndi kutentha, anawo adzafa koyambirira.
Mzimayi amayikira dzira mosamala pa miyendo yamphongo ndikupita kukasaka chakudya. Atalandira dziralo, chachimuna chimaphimba mwana wamtsogoloyo ndi khola m'mimba. Adzayenera kutentha dzira kwa miyezi iwiri. Nthawi zambiri, kuti ateteze anawo, abambo amathandizidwa kuti athandizidwe ndi abale ena.
Pambuyo pa mawonekedwe a mwana, wamwamuna amamudyetsa mkaka, kuti apange mimba ndi mimbulu ya mbalameyo. Mkaka wa penguin ndi madzi opatsa thanzi modabwitsa wokhala ndi mafuta komanso mapuloteni ochulukirapo kuposa mkaka wa ng'ombe.
Pamene bambo akusamalira mwanayo, mkaziyo amagwira squid ndi nsomba. Lilime la anyaniwa limakutidwa ndi "singano" zotembenukira kumphako. Ngati nyamayo igunda pakamwa, sizigwira ntchito kuthawa.
Ma Penguin amasaka gulu. Akazi omwe adasonkhana pakampani yayikulu amalumphira m'madzi ndipo, atatsegula pakamwa pawo, amapita ku sukulu ya nsomba mwachangu. Pambuyo poyendetsa koteroko, tidbit nthawi zonse imakhala pakamwa.
Atabwerera, wamkazi, yemwe wayamba kunenepa, amadyetsa mamembala amanjala. M'mimba mwake, mayi wachikondi amabweretsa mpaka 4 kg ya chakudya chopukutidwa ndi theka. Penguin wamng'ono amaikidwa m'miyendo ya amayi ake ndipo amadya zakudya zabwino zomwe abweretsazo kwa milungu ingapo.
Zinthu zakakanema
Kuphatikiza apo, udindo wopeza chakudya umagwera pamapewa amphongo. Ma penguin amadyetsa ana kamodzi pa ola limodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti masheya atha msanga. Amphongo asanabwerenso, anyaniwa amalemera kale ma kilogalamu angapo.
Kodi zimbalangondo zakutchire ndi ma penguin amakhala kuti?
Munthu aliyense amene wapita kumalo osungira nyama mwina waonapo chimbalangondo. Kwa nyama izi, makola otakata ali ndi zida, pomwe zimapangidwa mikhalidwe yoyenera kwambiri chilengedwe. Ndizokhudza kuyerekezera nyengo yozizira, ndikupanga malo okhala ndi madzi oundana komanso malo okhala chisanu.
Mwa nyama zogwidwa, nthawi zina ubweya umakhala wonyezimira. Izi zili choncho chifukwa, ukakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri, ubweya umakhala malo abwino oswanirana algae.
Ku Central Europe, ma penguin amapezeka m'malo osungira nyama zokha. Oyang'anira mabungwe ena amakonza "mayendedwe a penguin" alendo. Moyang'aniridwa ndi ogwira ntchito zosungira zinyama, mbalamezo zimachoka pakanyumbako kuti ziziyenda. Zochitika zoterezi zimakonzedwa ndi malo osungira nyama ku Edinburgh, Munich ndi mizinda ina ikuluikulu ku Europe.
Ma Penguin omwe amakhala mu ukapolo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amakhudza kupuma. Chifukwa chake, zodzitchinjiriza mchilimwe, mbalame zimasungidwa kumbuyo kwamagalasi.
Fotokozani mwachidule. Pakufufuza kwamasiku ano, tapeza kuti zimbalangondo zakumtunda ndi ma penguin, mosiyana ndi zomwe ambiri amakhulupirira, sizimachitika m'dera lomwelo. Pakufunafuna chilengedwe, adabalalika kumadera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Ndikuganiza kuti izi ndi zabwino kwambiri, chifukwa zimbalangondo zoyera, chifukwa cha kusaka kwawo, sizingalole kuti anyani azikhala mwamtendere. Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi mavuto amoyo okwanira komanso adani ngakhale opanda zimbalangondo. Kumbukirani izi ngati mukufuna kukatenga mayeso mu biology. Tiwonana!