Terry begonia ndi chiyani, chochita ndi kubzala ndi kusamalira kunyumba ndipo maluwa amawoneka bwanji pachithunzipa?

Begonia ndi chomera chofala chomwe, chifukwa chamitundu yambiri yamasamba ndi maluwa, adakondedwa ndi olima maluwa ambiri.

Pokula kunyumba, mitundu yosakanizidwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Duwa ili silinanyalanyazidwe ndi okonza malo chifukwa cha utoto wake, kudzichepetsa.

M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana za chithunzi cha chomerachi, chisamaliro chapakhomo, komanso matenda omwe angakhalepo.
Momwe mungaberekere kukongola uku?

Mbiri ya mawonekedwe

Begonia idapezeka mu 1687 ku Antilles. Amene anazipeza anali katswiri wazomera ku France Charles Plumier, yemwe adatsogolera gulu lofufuza za zomera zomwe zimamera m'derali. Zambiri anali ndi ngongole kwa a Michel Begon, woyang'anira kotala wa madera aku France ku Caribbean, yemwe sanataye ndalama pakufufuza kwasayansi. Pomulemekeza, Plumier adatcha maluwa omwe adapezeka pazilumbazi.

Kufotokozera za mbewu

Sayansi ikudziwa pafupifupi mitundu 900 ya begonias ndi 2 zikwi za haibridi... Ndi wa m'kalasi Maluwa, mtundu - Begonia. Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe osagwirizana, osakanikirana, m'mbali mwake amakhala osakanikirana. Pansi pa masambawo pali utoto wofiyira, wofiirira kapena wofiirira wakuda. Pamwambapo pamakhala zobiriwira bwino, nthawi zina zimaphatikizidwa ndi zikwapu. Ma inflorescence ndi akulu, apakatikati ndi ocheperako.

Mitundu yawo ndiyosiyanasiyana:

• chikasu chowala;
• mdima wofiira;
• pinki;
• zoyera;
• lalanje.

Maluwawo ndi achikazi ndi aamuna. Zotsatira za kuyendetsa mungu mosiyanasiyana ndi mbewu. Chomeracho chimakula motere:

• udzu wofalikira pansi;
• zitsamba zazitali;
• zitsamba.

Mitundu

Maonekedwe ndi njira yakukulira chomera zimapangitsa kuti zigawike m'magulu asanu akulu a begonias:

1. shrub;
2. maluwa nthawi zonse;
3. tuberous;
4. tsinde;
5. muzu.

Mtundu uliwonse ndiwokha. Mwa mitundu isanu iyi, maluwa okongoletsa ndi zokongoletsera zazing'ono amadziwikanso pamisonkhano.

1. Masamba okongoletsera begonias owoneka ndi masamba atali okoma akumera mwachindunji kuchokera kumizu. Masambawo ndi okongola komanso osiyanasiyana. Amakhala achikuda kuchokera kubiri lowala, silvery, ofiira achikasu mpaka akuda.

   Oimira omwe adafunidwa kwambiri:

   • Achifumu begonias;
   • Zitsulo;
   • Bauer;
   • Cleopatra, PA
2. Maonekedwe okongoletsa maluwa imagwirizanitsa zomera ndi ma inflorescence osalala komanso awiri, nthawi yomweyo, yowala, mitundu yoyambirira. Ngakhale nyengo ili ndi nyengo, begonias a subspecies awa ali okonzeka kuphulika nthawi yonse yotentha.

   Mitundu yotchuka:

   • Kazembe.
   • Rosemary.
   • Malo omwera.
   • Gloire de Lorrain.
   • Marina.
   • Terry.

Muphunzira za momwe begonia yomwe imatulukira nthawi zonse imaberekana pano, ndipo m'nkhaniyi takambirana zamalamulo obzala ndi chisamaliro chotsatira cha mitundu iyi yazomera.

Chimakula kuti?

Mitundu yodziwika bwino komanso yofala ya begonias ndi terry. Mwa anthu wamba idapeza dzinali chifukwa cha masamba osakhwima, m'mbali mwake amafanana ndi makhra. Maluwawo ndi amtundu wa zomera zomwe zimatulutsa maluwa... Nthawi yamaluwa: kumayambiriro kwa masika - kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira.

Nthawi zina begonia imatha kutaya masamba m'nyengo yozizira ndikuphulika chaka chonse. Chomeracho ndi chosavuta kupeza pazenera la nyumba, ndipo nthawi yotentha pamakonde, mabedi amaluwa. Chinthu chachikulu ndikupeza malo abwino kwa iye. Amakonda terry begonia mthunzi wopanda tsankho, koma pali mitundu ya okonda dzuwa. Muyeneranso kuonetsetsa kuti chinyezi mchipinda ndi 60-70%, koma nthawi yomweyo, chinyezi sichiyenera kufika pamasamba. Kupopera mbewu sikuvomerezeka.

Kuyatsa

Terry begonias ngati kuwala kowala, komabe, popanda kulowera mwachindunji kwa kunyezimira kwa dzuwa. Masamba amatha kutenthedwa, kutentha kumatha kuchitika. M'chaka, imafunikira kuyatsa kosiyanasiyana. Komanso, kuti apange yunifolomu, duwa liyenera kutembenuzidwa mbali iliyonse kupita padzuwa. Chitani izi nthawi ndi nthawi, kamodzi kamodzi milungu iwiri. M'nyengo yozizira, sizingatheke popanda magetsi ena owonjezera.

Nthaka

Kwa kuswana begonias, amakonda kupatsidwa miphika zopangidwa ndi dongo lokhala ndi ngalande yovomerezeka, zotengera zoterezi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi makoma olowera, omwe amatsimikizira kuti mpweya ukulowa m'nthaka. Mizu ya miphika imeneyi ipuma. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yotayirira, yopepuka, yopindulitsa ndi mchere.

Zolemba izi zimapangidwa ndi chisakanizo cha mchenga wamtsinje, peat, tsamba lapansi, dongo. Ndipo njira yabwino kwambiri ndiyo kugula nthaka yokonzeka. Musanadzalemo, nthaka iliyonse iyenera kutenthedwa ndi kusungunuka pang'ono ndi madzi okhazikika, kutentha kwapakati.

Kusamalira kunyumba: momwe mungadulire bwino komanso zomwe mungadyetse?

Terry begonia sakufuna, koma pakukula kwakukulu ndi maluwa okongola, ndikofunikira kukhalabe ndi nyengo yabwino kuti isamalire.

1. Nthawi yotentha iyenera kukhala pakati pa +19 mpaka 24 ° С, m'nyengo yozizira osatsika kuposa + 16 ° С. Chomeracho chimakonda zipinda zozizira ndi chinyezi. Ndikofunika kuti mpweya uzikhala wokwanira nthawi zonse, koma osasiya maluwawo asanalembedwe. Kusintha kwa kutentha kumatha kusokoneza chikhalidwe chake. M'chilimwe, begonia iyenera kutengedwa kupita kumlengalenga.
2. M'nyengo yachilimwe ndi chilimwe, maluwa amnyumba amathiriridwa kawiri pamlungu. M'nyengo yotentha, kuthirira kumachitika tsiku lililonse. Koma onetsetsani kuti mukuwonetsetsa kuti madziwo saphwa mumphika, apo ayi mizu imatha kuvunda. Nthaka iyenera kuuma pakati pamadzi. M'nyengo yophukira-yozizira, kuthirira kumakhala kochepa, chomeracho chikupuma. Madzi othirira ayenera kumwedwa kokha kapena kuwira.
3. Musaiwale za nyambo. Terry begonia amadyetsedwa kamodzi masiku 7-10, makamaka ndi feteleza amchere. M'nyengo yozizira, kuvala pamwamba sikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
4. Chomera chanyumba chimafuna kudulira pafupipafupi, chifukwa zimayambira mwachangu, zimayamba kukhala zoyipa. Kudulira kudzakhala kothandiza pakukonza maluwa, kapangidwe ka korona, ndi kukonzanso kwa begonias. Njirayi imagwiridwa ndi mpeni wakuthwa kwambiri.
   • Choyamba kudula: kutalika kwa mbeu 7-10 cm.Dulani masentimita 2-3 kuti mupatse mawonekedwe abwino. Pambuyo pa ndondomekoyi, kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe akubwera kumachepetsedwa kwa sabata limodzi, ndiye kuthirira kuyenera kubwezeretsedwa.
   • Kudulira kwachiwiri: njira zowongolera zafika kutalika kwa masentimita 10-15. Ndikofunikira kudula nsonga, zomwe zingathandize masamba ofananira nawo kukula.
   • Kudulira pambuyo pake: ngati kuli kotheka, sintha mawonekedwe, dulani masamba owuma, nthambi.

Chithunzi

Pachithunzichi mutha kuwona momwe maluwa a red terry begonia amawonekera.

Matenda wamba ndi tizirombo

Chifukwa chachikulu chothetsera maluwa ndi kutaya masamba ndi masamba ndi chisamaliro chosayenera. Begonia amatha kukhala ndi matenda otsatirawa:

• Powdery mildew... Masamba amatsekedwa ndi maluwa oyera ndikufa. Malo abwino a matendawa ndi mpweya wouma, kutentha kwakuthwa, ndi ma drafti. Pofuna kuthana ndi powdery mildew, kupopera mankhwala ndi fungicide kapena sulfure kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Kuvunda imvi... Pa mphukira ndi maluwa, mawanga amadzi okhala ndi pachimake chaimvi amapangidwa, kenako amatembenukira kuwola kofiirira. Masamba ozungulira, zimayambira zowola. Matendawa amapezeka m'malo omwe mumakhala chinyezi chambiri komanso kutentha pang'ono kwamlengalenga. Zomera zimathandizidwa ndi 1% Bordeaux yankho lamadzi.
• Aphid... Izi tizilombo kumenyedwa mwa processing wa celandine kulowetsedwa, komanso kukonzekera ndi pyrethrum kapena anyezi msuzi.
• Kangaude... Maonekedwe a kakhonde kochepetsetsa pamasamba akuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa kachilomboka, komwe kamakonda malo owuma m'nyumba. Chizindikiro chimawonongedwa ndi sopo yothira, pochiza tsamba lililonse la begonia. Ngati kuwonongeka kuli kwakukulu, amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Kubereka

Ambiri njira zoberekera begonia - mbewu, cuttings kapena tubers.

1. Mbewu zimafesedwa kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa February. Chidebe choyenera chimasankhidwa, ndi ngalande. Nthaka ya begonia imatsanuliramo, ndiye mbewu zimabzalidwa, ndikuwaza nthaka ya 2-3 mm pamwamba. Chovala cha pulasitiki chimayikidwa pamwamba pa beseni. Mbande zimakula m'malo a +23 - + 25 ° С. Tsiku lililonse filimuyo imachotsedwa, ngati kuli kotheka, nthaka imathiriridwa. Pambuyo pa masabata 2-3, mphukira zoyamba zimawoneka.
2. Njira ya zamasamba. Dulani tsinde labwinobwino la mbewuyo ndipo nthawi yomweyo yesani mu gawo lokonzedwa kale. Itha kukhala utuchi, chisakanizo cha peat ndi mchenga. Phimbani ndi kanema wowonekera. Musaiwale za kuwuluka kwanthawi zonse kwa chidebecho. Pambuyo masiku 10-14, mutha kuwona mizu, ndipo pakatha milungu iwiri, kudula kumabzalidwa mumphika. Njirayi imachitika bwino mchaka.
3. Kuyambira nthawi yophukira, tubers yathanzi ya begonia iyenera kusungidwa mu chidebe ndi peat, moss kapena utuchi m'chipinda chotentha + 6 ° C. M'chaka, masabata awiri musanadzale, kutentha kuyenera kukulitsidwa mpaka + 18 ° C kuti zimere. Pakadali pano, begonia imatha kudyetsedwa ndi mchere ndi feteleza. Ndi mawonekedwe a mphukira zazing'ono, chomeracho chimaikidwa mu mphika wosiyana.

Terry begonia adzakhala mfumukazi yakunyumba kwako, atapatsidwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso mawonekedwe achilengedwe. Chinthu chachikulu ndikungotsatira malangizo osavuta osamalidwa bwino. Ndipo iyenso, adzakuthokozani ndi maluwa owala bwino. Tsopano mukudziwa zonse za begonias, kuphatikiza kubzala kwake komanso mawonekedwe ake.

Onerani kanemayo: הירש אשעראוויטש לייענט און רעדט וועגן זיין ליד מאראנען (June 2024).