Duwa lachimwemwe ndi mgwirizano - kudziwana ndi chikasu gerbera

Kuyambira kale, ma gerberas akuimira kukoma, chiyero, chisangalalo ndi mgwirizano. Ndipo maluwa omwewo mchinenero cha zomera amatanthauza - disk ya dzuwa. Mitundu yachikaso gerbera, kuposa ina iliyonse, ndi yofanana ndi bwalo la dzuwa, lomwe limapangidwa ndi kukongola kwa kunyezimira kwa petal.

Bweretsani dzuwa lenileni kunyumba kwanu lomwe lidzaidzaze ndi chisangalalo. Pali mitundu yambiri yachikasu gerbera, ndipo tanthauzo la kuwasamalira ndilofanana; ndi zosavuta, nyumba yanu idzasandukira wowonjezera kutentha.

Mbiri yoyambira

Pali nthano yonse yokhudza chiyambi cha chomera cha gerbera. Kalelo panali nymph wa m'nkhalango yemwe anali ndi mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kukongola kwake, adakumana ndi chidwi chochulukirapo komanso kuchitira nsanje ena. Iye anali atatopa ndi zowawa izi ndipo anafuna kuti asanduke chomera chodziwika bwino chakutchire. Nungu anali kutchedwa Herba, ndipo maluwawo amatchedwa Gerbera.

Iyi ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimayambira pomwe chomera ndi dzina lake. Koma chowonadi ndichabwino kwambiri. Maluwawo adapezeka koyamba ndi ofufuza achi Dutch aku kumwera kwa Africa mu 1717. Maluwawo adatchulidwa polemekeza wofufuza wazomera waku Germany komanso dokotala T. Gerber. Wobzala woyamba kulima ma gerberas anali Scotsman Jameson. Anagwira ntchito yake m'chigawo cha France cha Transvaal. Izi zatsimikiza dzina lina la chomeracho ndi transvaal chamomile.

Kufotokozera kwa botanical

Gerbera ndi chomera chosatha cha herbaceous kapena semi-shrub chotentha cha banja la Asteraceae kapena Asteraceae. Mizu ya gerbera ndiyamphamvu ndipo imapangidwa bwino.

Masambawo amatambasulidwa, amatambasulidwa kwambiri. Mapeto a masambawo ndi osongoka. Kutalika kwa pepala kumatha kufikira masentimita 30-35. Masamba amatengedwa mu rosette woyambira. Maziko a masamba ndi petioles a chomeracho ndi ocheperako pang'ono.

Ma peduncles amakhala ataliatali, owirira, nthawi zambiri amakhala osindikiza, amakhala okha, opanda masamba. Amatha kutalika kwa masentimita 60-65. Duwa lililonse limamera pa phesi lake.

Maluwawo amakhala okhazikika, akulu, masentimita 15-30 m'mimba mwake. Maluwa amaluwa nthawi zambiri amakhala velvety, omwe amawapangitsa kukhala owoneka ofowoka.

Chipatsocho ndi achene yolondola. Nthawi yamaluwa imatha miyezi 3 mpaka 5... Malo omwe amachokera ku gerbera South Africa.

Maonekedwe

Ma gerberas achikaso, monga oimira ena onse amtunduwu, atha kukhala amitundu itatu:

• zosavuta;
• terry;
• theka-kawiri.

Maluwa osavuta amakhala ngati chamomile, ndipo maluwa awiri amakhala ngati aster... Zomera ziwiri zokha zimakhala ndi duwa lokhala ndi masamba ngati aster, ndi mtima ngati chamomile.

Ngati mutayang'ana masamba a chomera cha gerbera, omwe akuyimira akhoza kugawidwa motere:

1. wotambalala;
2. masamba apakati;
3. yopapatiza.

Palinso mtundu wa gerberas kukula kwa maluwa awo:

• zazing'ono-zoyenda - mpaka 10 masentimita mwake;
• chokulirapo - mpaka 30 masentimita mwake.

Mitundu yambiri yama gerberas yachikaso, monga oimira ena aliwonse azomera, ndi zotsatira za zochitika za obereketsa akunja. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yachikaso ndi mitundu:

1. Tamara.
2. Elegans.
3. Helios.
4. Brigitte.
5. Vega.
6. Golden Siren.
7. Chiwonetsero.
8. Jamson.
9. Vincent.

Tinalemba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya gerbera munkhaniyi.

Chithunzi

Onani zithunzi zina za ma gerberas achikaso:

Malamulo obzala ndi malangizo

Mukamakula gerbera, muyenera kusamalira mphika, nthaka ndi malo oti mulembe.

Kuunikira ndi malo

Gerbera amakonda kuwala, koma sichilekerera kuwonetsedwa kwa dzuwa... Ndikofunika kuyika mphikawo ndi chomeracho pazenera kapena khonde lowala, koma mumthunzi mumtentha kwambiri. Chomeracho chimakonda mpweya wabwino ndipo sichiwopsezedwa ndikusintha kwa kutentha.

Gerbera samakula nyengo youma, amakonda chinyezi chowongolera mpweya. Pomutonthoza, ndikofunikira kuti nthawi ndi nthawi tizipopera mpweya mchipindacho kuchokera ku botolo la utsi.

Zofunika panthaka

Gerbera amakonda nthaka yowonongeka pang'ono... Nthaka imeneyi imakhala ndi:

• peat ndi mchenga, kutengedwa mofanana;
• nthaka yamasamba, voliyumu yake iyenera kukhala yophatikiza kawiri peat ndi mchenga.

CHOFUNIKA! Musagwiritse ntchito feteleza aliyense posamalira gerbera, gerbera samawakonda ndipo imatha kufa.

Mphika wobzala gerbera ndi woyenera kutsika pang'ono, pamwamba. Mukamabzala, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ngalande pansi pamphika.

Kodi mungasamalire bwanji moyenera?

Chisamaliro cha Gerbera chili ndi:

1. Kuvala kwapamwamba kwamadzimadzi kuchokera ku feteleza amchere, osachepera 1 kamodzi m'masiku 14.
2. Kugawanitsa namsongole ndikupangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pakutha.
3. Kuthirira pafupipafupi koma koyenera pakukula kwachangu.
4. Kumasula nthaka nthawi ndi nthawi ikamauma ndi kuundana.

Mukamwetsa madzi, kuwunika mosamala ndikofunikira kuti madzi asagwere pamalo otuluka muzu wa gerbera, kuti asavunde. Maluwawo atayamba, muyenera kuchepetsa chinyezi ndikuchepetsa chinyezi mchipinda momwe gerbera imakula.

Matenda wamba ndi tizirombo

Gerbera sagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi matenda a fungal... Nthawi zambiri awa amakhala mizu yowola ndi powdery mildew. Matenda amakula chifukwa cha nyengo yovuta komanso chisamaliro chosakwanira cha gerbera:

• Mizu yowola zimakhudza mizu ndi zimayambira muzu wa mizu. Matendawa amayamba chifukwa chothirira mopitirira muyeso, komanso kuchepa kwamadzi mu chikomokere kapena sump. Zitsulo zimasanduka zakuda kumunsi, ndipo gawo lonse la gerbera limafota pang'onopang'ono ndipo chomeracho chimafa kwathunthu. Kuti mupulumutse gerbera, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera.
• Powdery mildew zimakhudza masamba a chomeracho, madontho oyera amawonekera ngati mawonekedwe. Masamba a chomeracho amatembenukira pang'onopang'ono kukhala achikaso, kufota komanso kupiringa. Chifukwa chake, chomeracho chimafa kwathunthu.

Kukula kwa matenda a fungal kumatha kupewedwa pochepetsa kuchepa kwamadzi, ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chinyezi cha mpweya.

Gerbera nayenso amatha kugwidwa ndi tizirombo tambiri:

1. Aphid - Ichi ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kwambiri, kamayambitsa chomera ndi zipilala, chimakhudza zimayambira ndi masamba osatsegulidwa.

   Mutha kulimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba mukawona kuukira kwake koyambirira, ndiye kuti pali mwayi wopulumutsa chomeracho. Anabazine sulphate kapena nicotine sulphate solution imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi gawo limodzi la gramu imodzi pa madzi okwanira 1 litre.

2. Ntchentche zoyera - iyi ndi mbozi yaying'ono yomwe imachulukitsa mwachangu, imawukira masamba, idya mabowo amawonekera, chomeracho chimamwalira pang'onopang'ono.

   Ntchentche zikaukira, mankhwala omwe ali ndi peremethrin amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika masiku atatu aliwonse mpaka tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa tagonjetsedwa.

3. Kangaude - imaphimba mbali zonse za gerbera ndi ukonde winawake, komanso imayamwa kuyamwa kwa chomeracho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziume ndikufa kwathunthu.

   Polimbana ndi nkhupakupa, njira zokhazokha zophera tizilombo ndi zomwe zingathandize: Anti-tick, Fitoverm, Fufanon. Mite saloleza chinyezi, mutha kulimbana nacho mwa kupopera mpweya pafupi ndi gerbera. Sizingakhale zopanda pake kutsuka masamba a chomeracho ndi yankho lozizira la sopo wochapira, koma ndiyeneranso kutsukidwa ndi madzi oyera.

Zoswana

Gerbera imatha kuchulukana ndi mbewu ndi masamba (cuttings, kugawa chitsamba).

Mbewu

Kuti mumere mbewu za gerbera, muyenera:

1. Konzani nthaka yotayirira ndi peat ndi mchenga.
2. Thirani dothi mu mphasa wamatabwa kapena chidebe chopangira pulasitiki, koma osati zochuluka.
3. Sungunulani nthakayo ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
4. Bzalani nthaka yonyowa ndi mbewu.

   CHOFUNIKA! Osayika maliro, koma muziwazapo pang'ono ndi nthaka. Kukulitsa mbewuzo kumawonjezera nthawi yakumera kapena kungapangitse kukana kwathunthu kumera kwa mbande, popeza njere zomwe zili m'chigawo chodzaza madzi zimatha kuwonongeka.

5. Chidebecho chokhala ndi mbewu chiyenera kuphimbidwa ndi zojambulazo kapena pulasitiki kuti apange mbeu zotenthetsera, komanso kuziteteza ku dzuwa.
6. Chidebe chobzala chimayenera kutsegulidwa pafupipafupi ndi mpweya wokwanira.
7. Nthaka ikauma, iyenera kunyowetsedwa ndikupopera ndi botolo la utsi.
8. Pambuyo pa masamba 2-3 odzaza amawoneka pa timitengo tating'onoting'ono, mphukira iliyonse imatha kuikidwa mumphika wodziyimira pawokha.
9. Chomera choterocho nthawi zambiri chimamasula patatha miyezi 8-10 mutangotola.

Zodula

Kuti mufalikire ndi cuttings, muyenera kutsatira zochitika zingapo:

1. Dulani phesi laling'ono kuchokera ku chomera chachikulire, chomwe chimayenera kukhala ndi masamba osachepera awiri ndi phesi lalifupi la masentimita 1-1.5.
2. Ndikofunika kubzala mphukira iyi mumphika wosiyana, wokhala ndi gawo lapansi pobzala gerberas.
3. Kuti chomeracho chizike msanga, chiyenera kuphimbidwa ndi kanema kapena mtsuko.
4. Nthaka yoyandikira mphukira iyenera kukhala yothira nthawi zonse.
5. Nthawi ndi nthawi muyenera kuchotsa kanema kapena botolo ndikuwonetsa mphukira.
6. Mizu imayamba kukula masiku 14-20 mutabzala cuttings.
7. Chomera chikangoyamba kukula mwakhama, m'pofunika kuthetsa mikhalidwe ya wowonjezera kutentha, ndikupatsanso gerbera mosamala, malinga ndi chiwembucho, monga chomera chachikulu.

Pogawa chitsamba

Pakati pa kubzala kwa gerbera pachaka, chitsamba chachikulire, osachepera zaka 4, chitha kugawidwa m'magulu angapo osiyana.

Izi zimafuna:

1. Chotsani chomeracho mumphika.
2. Chotsani mosamala nthaka yotsala pamizu, amatha kutsukidwa ndi yankho la Fundazole.
3. Gawani mizu ya mbandeyo mu mphukira zingapo zosiyana, izi ziyenera kuchitika kuti pa mbeu yatsopano iliyonse pakhale malo osachepera awiri kapena atatu okula.
4. Bzalani mbewu zonse m'miphika yosiyana ndi njira yokhazikika yopangira gerbera.
5. Kusamalira mbewu zazing'ono ndizofanana ndi ma gerberas akuluakulu.

Gerbera ingawoneke ngati chomera chovuta kusamalira, koma ngati muli ndi njira yovomerezeka ndikutsatira malamulo ndi zofunikira za duwa palokha, mutha kupeza zotsatira zabwino. Kukonzekera kwa nthaka, kuthirira moyenera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoteteza komanso feteleza kumathandizira kukulitsa gerbera woyenera m'munda kapena kunyumba, ndipo iyenso amasangalatsa aliyense ndi maluwa ake odabwitsa.

Onerani kanemayo: NEWTEK NDI. WHAT IS NDI? (September 2024).