Matenda ndi tizirombo ta ma violets ndi njira zothanirana nawo

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Violet ndi imodzi mwazomera zotchuka m'nyumba. Amamuyamikira chifukwa cha maluwa awo osakhwima ndi okongola, omwe, mosamala bwino, amasangalala ndi mitundu yawo yowala pafupifupi chaka chonse.

Koma maluwa obiriwira amatha kuphimbidwa ndi matenda ndi tizirombo, zomwe zimabwera makamaka chifukwa cha chisamaliro chosayenera.

M'nkhaniyi tidzakuwuzani malamulo ndi mawonekedwe a chisamaliro chomera chomwe muyenera kudziwa. Zomwe ma violets amatha kupweteka. Komanso ndi majeremusi ati omwe angawononge chomeracho.

Zolakwitsa zosamalira

Masamba a violet amakhala osasalala komanso ochepa, chifukwa chake ndikusowa kwa kuwala. Chifukwa cha izi, ma petioles amayamba kutalika, m'mphepete mwa mbale za masamba zikukwera m'mwamba. Mutha kusiyanitsa momwe mbeuyo imakhalira ngati muyika mphikawo pazenera lowala, lotetezedwa kuzinthu zosakongoletsani.

Kupezeka kwa pachimake cha violet kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa acidity kapena mchere wa nthaka, gawo losankhidwa molakwika la gawo lapansi. Izi zitha kubweretsa kutha kwathunthu kwa mapangidwe a peduncles ndikupotoza masamba. Chizindikiro chofananachi chimachitika chifukwa cha kusalinganika kwa mchere (mwachitsanzo, kusowa kwa nayitrogeni).

Zofunika! Kuwona kuwala pamasamba kumawonetsa kuthirira kosayenera.

Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuzizira kwamadzi ozizira kapena kuwotcha, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwala kwa dzuwa kugunda pamvula yonyowa ya mbaleyo. Izi zitha kupewedwa ndikunyowetsa nthaka ndi madzi ofunda ndi zimakupiza, pomwe mwayi wazowotcha ndizochepa.

Muphunzira zambiri za chisamaliro choyenera kunyumba, mawonekedwe olimidwa moyenera ndi kubalanso kwa maluwa kuchokera m'nkhaniyi.

Matenda ndi mankhwala

Chifukwa chiyani samakula ndipo tiyenera kuchita chiyani pankhaniyi?

Chifukwa chofala kwambiri cha violet kusiya kukula ndikuthirira kosayenera, kusakanizika kosayenera kwa nthaka. Izi ndizomwe zimakhudza mkhalidwe wa mizu, chifukwa chomwe duwa limasiya kukula kwake. Mutha kuyimitsa izi ndikubwezeretsanso kukula kwa ma violets pogwiritsa ntchito njira izi:

Kuphatikiza apo, onjezani Zircon pamizu ndikupopera mbewu ndi madzi kuchokera kutsitsi labwino kamodzi pamlungu.
Mukamaika, gwiritsani ntchito gawo lokhazikitsidwa ndi peat.
Gwiritsani ntchito ulimi wothirira chingwe kuti mukhale chinyezi nthawi zonse. Izi ndizowona makamaka mchaka ndi chilimwe.
Pofika kasupe, kuti chomeracho chiphulike mwachangu, tsitsani madzi otentha (madigiri 40) mu poto. Uku ndikulimbikitsa kwambiri kwamaluwa.

Masamba amasanduka achikasu

N 'chifukwa Chiyani Masamba Amasintha? Kutsekemera kwa masamba kumatha kuchitika pazifukwa izi:

kusowa kwa madzi;
kusowa kwa michere;
shaded malo okula maluwa;
otsika kapena otsika kwambiri acidity mumphika.

Poterepa, palibe chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito fungicides.

Zindikirani! Kukula koyenera kumathandizira kupewa ndikusiya masamba achikasu.

Matenda

Fusarium

Matendawa amatsogolera ku violet rosette. Cholinga chake ndi chisamaliro choyenera cha chomeracho. Bowa la Fusarium limalowerera mumizu yaying'ono yamaluwa ndikuwola kwina. Ma petioles amayamba kukhala ofiira ndikugwa, ndipo mizu imakhala ndi mdima wakuda, ndipo siyimathanso kusunga chomeracho pansi.

Pofuna kupewa chitukuko cha fusarium, muyenera kutsatira malamulo awa:

Kuthirira sikuyenera kukhala kambiri komanso kochuluka.
Osayeza nthaka yomwe violet imakula.
Musabzalemo chidebe chachikulu kwambiri.
Pewani kusinthasintha kwadzidzidzi m'chipinda chomera.
Thirani madzi ofunda.

Mankhwalawa amachokera ku fungicides, ndipo magawo omwe amakhudzidwa amachotsedwa. Pofuna kupewa, mutha kuthirira violet ndi yankho la Fundazole.

Powdery mildew

Ngati ziphuphu zoyera zidapangidwa pamasamba a chomeracho, ndipo chomeracho chikuwoneka ngati chafumbi pang'ono, ndiye kuti izi ndi zizindikiro zomveka za powdery mildew.

Ma violets am'nyumba nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi matendawa. Mawanga oyera amawononga zimayambira ndi maluwa. Zinthu zotsatirazi zingakhudze kukula kwa powdery mildew:

kusowa kwa dzuwa;
chinyezi chachikulu mchipindacho (pamwambapa 60%);
mpweya wozizira;
fumbi ndi kuipitsa kwa chomera ndi mphika;
kusowa kwa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu m'nthaka, komanso kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni.

Pofuna kupewa kukula kwa powdery mildew, malangizo awa ayenera kutsatira:

pukutani masamba a duwa ndi nsalu yonyowa;
chipinda chiyenera kukhala chaukhondo komanso mpweya wabwino.

Ngati pachimake choyera chawonekera pa ma violets, ndiye kuti muzithira mbewu ndi Benlate kapena Fundazol. Bwerezani chithandizo pakatha milungu 1.5. Pambuyo pokonzanso vutoli, ndikofunikira kuwona kupewa. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kupanga madzi okwanira, omwe kutentha kwake sikotsika kuposa kutentha.

Mutha kuthana ndi matendawa ndi yankho la mkuwa sulphate. Thirani 5 g wa mankhwala ndi 200 ml ya madzi otentha. Sungunulani 10 g sopo payokha mu madzi okwanira 1 litre. Phatikizani njira ziwirizi. Sinthani violet katatu katatu pakadutsa masiku 6-7.

Choipitsa cham'mbuyo

Matendawa ndi owopsa, ndipo amapezeka chifukwa cholowerera kwa tiziromboti m'thupi la chomeracho. Amaloŵa mu violet kudzera m'zinthu zazing'ono m'masamba kapena mizu. Pambuyo powonongeka ndi bowa, kolala ya mizu imayamba kuvunda. Matendawa amatha kudziwika ndi kupezeka kwa bulauni pamalo pamasamba.

Zofunika! Mafangasi a fungal amatha kukhala m'nthaka kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa chake kutsekemera kwa mphika wamaluwa kumakhalabe gawo lalikulu lopewa.

Chithandizo cha choipitsa cham'mbuyo sichichitika, chifukwa maluwa omwe akhudzidwa ayenera kuchotsedwa ndikuwotchedwa. Kukula kwa matendawa kumatha kupewedwa popanga chinyezi mchipinda ndikuwonjezera superphosphates panthaka.

Wowola wofiirira

Dzina lachiwiri la matendawa ndi botrytis. Zikakhudzidwa, pachimake pamvi pamapezeka mbali zonse za chomeracho, chifukwa chake minofu ya violet imavunda. Duwa lomwe lakhudzidwa limamwalira msanga, ndipo ndizosatheka kupulumutsa.

Bowa amalowa mmera kudzera m'nthaka yakale. Chifukwa chake, popewa, sefa sefa ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate musanatumize chomeracho. Ndikofunika kupewa kutentha kwakanthawi komanso kowopsa, komanso kuchepetsa kuthirira.

Pofuna kuthana ndi kuvunda kwa imvi, ndizothandiza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitsamba. Sungunulani 10 g wa ufa wa mpiru mu madzi okwanira 1 litre. kunena 2 masiku. Sakanizani yankho lanu ndi madzi okwanira 1 litre. Funsani chithandizo chamankhwala omwe ali ndi matenda pakadutsa masiku khumi.

Dzimbiri

Zimakhudza matendawa atatha matenda a dzimbiri. Zizindikiro zazikulu za dzimbiri ndi kupezeka kwa ziphuphu za lalanje pamwamba pa tsamba. Mapadi a Brown mkati. Chifukwa cha ichi, masamba amasweka, amafa ndikugwa. Bowa amapatsira magawo amoyo a violet okha, ndipo chinyezi chimafunikira kuti zipse mwachangu.

Kutchulidwa. Makina otentha a 10-20 madigiri Celsius angakhudze kukula kwa bowa.

Pofuna kuchiza dzimbiri, mankhwala a fungicides, njira 1% yothetsera Bordeaux wamadzimadzi kapena fumbi la sulfure imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Vascular bacteriosis

Matendawa amadzipangitsa okha kumva nthawi yotentha. Masamba apansi a duwa amakhala okutidwa ndi ntchofu ndipo amafa pakapita nthawi. Kuchiza, mankhwala otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Fundazol.
Zircon.
Previkur.
Chitetezo chamatenda.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuziziritsa mpweya mchipindamo ndikuwongolera mpweya wabwino.

Ma violets adayamba kufota komanso kupweteka. Zomwe muyenera kuchita ndi momwe muyenera kuchitira:

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda

Nthata

Violets zimatha kukhudzidwa ndi mitundu ingapo ya nkhupakupa:

Kangaude wofiira. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timadyetsa zomera. Kukula kwake ndikochepa: akazi - 0,5 mm wofiirira-wofiira, amuna: 0.3 mm, ofiira owala. Kangaude wofiira ndi wachonde, amatulutsa mwakhama kutentha kwambiri. Tizilombo timeneti timakwirira chomeracho ndi madontho ofiira ndikuphimba ndi patina. Masamba amapiringana ndikufa.
Kangaude wamba. Kukula kwazimayi kumakhala kuyambira 0.4 mpaka 0.6 mm, kukula kwamwamuna kuyambira 0.3 mpaka 0.45 mm. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timakhala tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tating'onoting'ono. Amadyetsa zipatso, zomwe zimapangitsa masamba kuti aziphimbidwa ndi zofiirira.
Mphepo ya cyclamen. Kutalika kwa thupi mwa akazi ndi 0.20-0.25 mm, mwa amuna pafupifupi 0.15 mm. Tiziromboti timadziwika ndi thupi lowulungika, lopindika komanso lachikaso lokhala ndi mapaipi anayi. Imenya masamba achichepere pakatikati pa malo ogulitsira. Chifukwa cha izi, amatenga mawonekedwe achilengedwe ndikuphimbidwa ndi mawanga achikasu.

Tiziromboto timachepetsa kukula kwa maluwa, tsinde limafupikitsidwa, masamba amafa, masambawo samatseguka ndipo amapunduka. Chithandizo, mankhwala ndi mankhwala Acaricide amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakadutsa masiku asanu ndi awiri.

Chithandizo cha violets kuchokera nkhupakupa. Chifukwa chodula ma peduncles:

Zishango ndi zikopa zabodza

Tizilombo timeneti timavulaza kwambiri ma violets.

Pamakalata. Mutha kuzindikira zotupa chifukwa cha mawanga achikasu pamasamba.

Amakula kukula ngati msuzi umatulutsidwa. Pambuyo pake, tsamba limasanduka chikasu kwathunthu ndikugwa. Kukula kwa violet kumaima, nthambi zimakhala zopanda kanthu, kenako chitsamba chimauma.

Mutha kusiyanitsa chishango ndi chishango chonyenga ndi izi:

Chishango chimakwirira pamwamba pa chikopa. Samapatukana ndi kachilombo mkati. Izi ndizosavuta kudziwa ngati mungafufute. Tiziromboti tiziphatikana ndi chomeracho.
Scutellum imasiyananso mawonekedwe: ndi yopanda tizirombo tating'onoting'ono, komanso mawonekedwe a nandolo mumikangano yabodza.

Kuchiza, mankhwala otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Zolemba. Sungunulani 1 ampoule mu madzi okwanira 1 litre. Sinthani chomeracho nthawi zinayi ndikudutsa masiku atatu.
Phosbecid. Chitirani mankhwalawa panja, chifukwa ndi owopsa. Tengani mankhwala 20 ml kwa malita 10 a madzi.

Thrips

Izi ndi "nsikidzi" zazing'ono zouluka. Ali ndi thupi lakuda. Amadyetsa masamba a violet. Mutha kudziwa kugonjetsedwa ndi kupezeka kwa mtundu wakuda wakuda. Mawanga a bulauni kapena akuda amapangidwa. Mankhwala otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza:

Fitoverm.
Akelik.
Aktar.

Kuponyera ma violets. Timamenya thrips:

Miyendo

Awa ndi tizirombo tating'ono toyera tomwe timaoneka ngati mbozi. Tinyanga tating'ono timawonekera patsogolo pawo. Zingwe zam'madzi siziposa 5 mm kukula. Amakhazikika panthaka, amakonda chinyezi ndikuchulukirachulukira mwachangu.

Chenjezo! Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sakuvulaza kwambiri violet, koma ngati kugonjetsedwa kuli kwakukulu, ndiye kuti kumavulaza mizu.

Pokonza, gwiritsani ntchito yankho la Pyrethrum, ndikuumitsa nthaka.

Ma Nematode

Izi ndi nyongolotsi zazing'ono. Amakhala m'nthaka. Amawononga mizu ya chomeracho, akuyamwa timadziti tothandiza kuchokera pamenepo. Kuphatikizanso apo, majeremusi amapanga zinthu zoopsa. Sizovuta kwenikweni kuzindikira tizilombo. pokhapokha mukumanga maluwa, poyang'ana mizu, mutha kuwona nyongolotsi zazing'ono.

Nematode amathandizira kupezeka kwamadontho obiriwira pamasamba. Amada ndi kuvunda pakapita nthawi. Violets zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi nematode zimakula bwino, zimafooka ndipo sizimera. Palibe mankhwala olimbana ndi tiziromboti. Tayani duwa ndi dothi, ndipo chitani chidebecho ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate.

Zikande

Tizilombo toyenda kwambiri. Amayenda bwino pafupifupi zaka zilizonse. Thupi lawo limakutidwa ndi phula loyera loyera. Miyeso 3-6 mm. Nyongolotsi imabweretsa kusunthika kwa chomeracho, imadzaza ndi mawanga ofiira ofiira. Matendawa amatha kudziwika ndi fungo. Pakufalitsa, dothi limatulutsa fungo losasangalatsa la bowa. Ngati mungayang'ane mwatsatanetsatane, mutha kuwona nyongolotsi zokha, zomwe zimakhala zoyera.

Kuchiza, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Zolemba.
Fitoverm.
Aktar.

Sakanizani chomeracho kuti chikhale gawo latsopano ndikuchotsa mosakhalitsa zotsalazo.

Aphid

Tizilombo timeneti tili ndi zida zoyamwa mkamwa. Zikuwoneka ngati chiboliboli, mothandizidwa ndi tizilomboto tomwe timapyoza timitengo ta zomera ndikupita ku timadziti. Nsabwe za m'masamba ndi zoyera, zakuda kapena zofiirira. Amatha kukhala ndi mapiko komanso wopanda mapiko.

Pa ma violets, tizilombo timeneti timagwiritsa ntchito maluwa, maluwa ndi masamba. Pambuyo pa mphamvu zawo, masamba a chomeracho ali opunduka ndi kufota.

Kutchulidwa. Ngati pali nsabwe za m'masamba zambiri, ndiye kuti zimapanga madzi oyera pamasamba. Mankhwala, Mospilan ndi Actellik amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Woodlice

Ndi tiziromboti tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala m'nthaka. Mwamaonekedwe, zimawoneka ngati zombo zazing'ono zazing'ono. Pakubereka kwawo, zinthu izi zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zabwino: chinyezi chambiri ndi nthaka yotayirira. Tiziromboti timayera ta mizu ndi masamba a violet. Ndiowopsa kwa mbewu zazing'ono. Ma acaricides amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza.

Udzudzu ndi midge

Tiziromboti timapezeka makamaka m'nthaka yodzaza ndi madzi komanso yovunda. Anthu achikulire satenga ntchito iliyonse kupita ku violets, zomwe sizinganenedwe za mphutsi zawo. Amawononga mwachangu dothi, kuvulaza mizu, kuchepetsa mwayi wopeza mpweya komanso kulimbitsa nthaka. Polimbana ndi tizilombo, sungani nthaka ndi yankho la Karbofos. Kuphatikiza apo, dzozani m'mphepete mwa mphikawo ndi choko kuchokera ku mphemvu, ndikuthira nthaka ndi zinyenyeswazi pamwamba pake. Kuchotsa akulu, gwiritsani ntchito Reid, Dichlorvos aerosol.

Ngati nthaka yaipitsidwa kwambiri, ikani m'malo mwake mumphika. Ikani gawo lomalizidwa mu uvuni. Izi zipha zinyalala zomwe zawonongeka, zomwe zidzakope ntchentche ndi udzudzu. M'tsogolomu, yesetsani kusasokoneza nthaka.

Gulugufe wowonjezera kutentha

Ichi ndi gulugufe wamng'ono yemwe amakhala mkati mwa masamba. Popita nthawi, zimbudzi zimapanga masamba akumunsi, omwe amawoneka ngati chikwangwani chowala. Patapita kanthawi, bowa wozizira umayamba. Chifukwa chaichi, zinthu zonse za mmitengo zimawala, ndipo mphukira zimasiya kukula.

Pofuna kuthana ndi majeremusi, pamafunika mankhwala ovuta. Pachifukwa ichi, mankhwala otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Fitoverm.
Akarin.
Aktofit.

Chitani zokonza pakadutsa masiku asanu ndi awiri.

Patsamba lathu la webusayiti mutha kudziwanso mitundu yayikulu ya ma violets, ndipo mutha kuphunzira momwe mungamere duwa kuchokera ku mbewu mumphika kapena muzu pogwiritsa ntchito zodulira pano.

Violet ndi chomera chosasamala kwambiri. Iyenera kukula ndi munthu wodziwa zambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti matenda onse ndi tizirombo zimapangidwa ndendende chifukwa chosasunga malamulo aukadaulo waulimi. Koma ngati kugonjetsaku kunapezeka pakapita nthawi, chomeracho chimatha kupulumutsidwa ndikusangalala ndi maluwa ake obiriwira komanso owala.

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