Mafuta osangalatsa a Waller - zovuta zokulitsa komanso mawonekedwe obzala ndi kusamalira

Ichi ndi chomera cha banja la basamu. Kuchokera ku Chilatini "basamu" amamasuliridwa kuti "osapirira".

Izi ndichifukwa cha kubala zipatso zake (maluwa akulu) kuti athyole ngakhale pang'ono, chifukwa cha zomwe zimapopera mbewu patali.

Anthu amamutchulanso kuti "Vanka wonyowa", "Wopirira" kapena "Wakhama Lizzie". Mafuta a basamu amatha kukhala chaka chilichonse kapena osatha.

Kufotokozera kwa botanical

Mafuta a baser a Waller (kapena, monga amatchulidwira nthawi zina, Waller) ndi a herbaceous perennials, ndipo m'mundamo amakula ngati chaka chilichonse. Masamba ndi osavuta, tiziwalo timene timapezeka m'munsi. Maluwawo ndi a actinomorphic, amatha kukula m'modzi kapena mu inflorescence. Pali ma peduncles asanu, nthawi zambiri amtundu wina. Chimodzi mwazolumikizazo chimakwezedwa mu corolla. Maluwawo amakula momasuka wina ndi mnzake kapena amakula limodzi awiriawiri. Petal imodzi yopanda utoto ili moyang'anizana ndi spur. Mafilamenti amaphatikizana ndikupanga kapu, yomwe imatha kugwa. Izi zimatsimikizira kupopera.

Gynoecium imapangidwa ndi ma carpels asanu okhala ndi chidutswa chachifupi chokhala ndi ziwonetsero mumtengo umodzi kuyambira asanu mpaka asanu. Chipatso chake ndi bokosi lokhala ndi madzi ambiri, lomwe limatseguka mwadzidzidzi mothandizidwa ndi zotchinga zisanu.

Maonekedwe

Mafuta a basamu amakhala ndi mapesi akuluakulu. Masamba amatha kukhala olimba kapena otetemera m'mphepete mwake, nthawi zambiri amakhala owulungika. Mtundu wawo umabwera mumitambo yonse yobiriwira komanso yofiirira-yamkuwa. Kutengera mtundu wamaluwa, masambawo amatha kutalika kwa 9-12 cm.Zipatso zamaluwa zimaimira mitundu yonse: kuyambira zoyera zosavuta mpaka mitundu iwiri.

Pamakalata. Mitundu yamkati ya Balzamin imadziwika ndi kukongola kwa mitundu yawo. Chomeracho chimakhala ndi nyengo yayitali kwambiri yamaluwa. Masamba ouma amalowedwa m'malo ndi maluwa okha, ndipo amatseka panjira.

Chithunzi

Pansipa mutha kuwona chithunzi cha maluwa a basamu a Waller.

Malamulo osamalira m'nyumba ndi panja

Chomera chokongola koma chopanda chidwi chimafuna chisamaliro chapadera:

• Kumbukirani kuti basamu samalola kuwala kwa dzuwa, koma pamafunika maola atatu kapena atatu patsiku la kuyatsa bwino.
• Ngati m'nyengo yotentha mwasankha kutulutsa maluwawo panja, onetsetsani kuti sipagwa mvula.
• Pewani kutentha thupi.
• M'ngululu ndi koyambirira kwa nthawi yophukira, kuthirira kumayenera kukhala kochuluka komanso kwanthawi zonse, chilimwe kumatha kukhala tsiku lililonse. M'nyengo yozizira, pafupipafupi kuthirira kumayenera kuyendetsedwa ndi ife tokha: kuti nthaka isaume, koma kuti madzi asayime poto.
• Masamba a chomera ichi adzakuthokozani chifukwa chakuwaza (koma izi zitha kuchitika pokhapokha kutentha kopitilira madigiri 20), apo ayi akhoza kukubwezerani kugwa kwa banal.
• Kuyambira Meyi mpaka Seputembala, basamu amafuna umuna pakatha milungu iwiri iliyonse.
• Ngati mudagula maluwa m'sitolo, nthawi yomweyo ikani mphika wawung'ono. Izi zidzakuthandizira maluwa.
• Musaiwale kuchotsanso masamba omwe atha - amasokoneza kukula kwatsopano.
• Phimbani tchire la basamu musanazizira, ndipo tsegulaninso ndikutentha kwatsopano.
• Ngati maluwa anu abzalidwa, ingobweretsani pakhonde kapena pakhonde.
• Njira yabwino yofalitsira ndi kudula.
• Sungani mbeu za "wosapirira" ziyenera kukhala pambuyo pa chikasu cha bokosilo. Njirayi iyenera kuchitika mosamala kwambiri, chifukwa panthawiyi nyembazo zimakhala "zowopsa" kwambiri.

Zovuta zokula zomwe zingachitike

Mafuta a basamu si chomera chophweka; nthawi zina amalima. Tikukuuzani momwe mungachitire ndi zovuta zomwe zimabwera.

• Ndikusowa kwa michere m'nthaka, kapena pomwe mphika wamaluwa umakhala wocheperako kapena wopanda kuwala, zimayambira zimakhala zazitali kwambiri, ndipo maluwa, m'malo mwake, amakhala ocheperako ndikuwala.

  Kuphatikiza pa zonsezi, mafuta a basamu amakhala ndi "kuvala" mwachangu (zimayambira zimakhala zopanda kanthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kukongola kwakunja kutayika). Chifukwa chake ndikuti kutentha kwamlengalenga ndikokwera kwambiri (kuposa 22 degrees Celsius).

  Timalimbikitsa: kumapeto kwa nyengo, dulani ndikudula zingapo mumphika umodzi kuti musinthe mundawo.

• Zimayambira zimakhala zofiirira komanso zofewa, ndipo masamba opiringizika amagwa mwadzidzidzi. Apa chifukwa chagona chinyezi ndi kuzizira. Sungani chomeracho ku zinthu zosasangalatsa izi.
• Masamba amayamba kuuma ndi kupiringa - yang'anani kutentha kwa mpweya. Ndithudi, ndi okwera kwambiri, ndipo mpweya wokha ndi wouma. Izi zitha kuchitika nthawi yozizira, ngati mtsuko wamaluwa wokhala ndi duwa uli pafupi ndi zida zotenthetsera, kapena nthawi yotentha nyengo yotentha.

  Njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli ndikuyika chomeracho pamalo ozizira pansi ndikupopera masamba nthawi ndi nthawi.
• Posachedwa, masamba owala adayamba kutayika - makamaka, duwa lili kumpoto, ikani mphika pamalo owala.
• Osakwanira kapena opanda maluwa konse - vutoli limatha kubisika posowa kuwala kapena feteleza. Nthawi zina kudyetsa, m'malo mwake, kumakhala kochuluka kapena sikokwanira.
• Dontho lakuthwa lamaluwa - lingayambitsidwe ndi kuzizira kozizira, kuyanika kuchokera m'nthaka, kusunthira mumphika wokulirapo kwambiri kapena kuziika mosayembekezereka (sizingachitike panthawi yopanga maluwa kapena kuphukira kwamaluwa).

Mbali za kubereka ndi kubzala

Zodula

Njira yosavuta yofalitsira mafuta a basamu ndi kudula. Amalangizidwa kuti azichita izi nthawi yotentha kapena yotentha kapena yotentha. Amamera mizu mkati mwa sabata limodzi kapena awiri, nthawi yachilimwe, odulidwa amakhala ndi nthawi yokula bwino.

Kodi mungapeze bwanji mbande ku mbewu?

Mbeu zimatha kusunga zobzala mpaka zaka 8, koma ndibwino kumera mbande kuchokera ku mbewu zatsopano. Ndibwino kuti muyambe kufesa kuyambira mkatikati mwa Marichi.

1. Thirani dothi losakaniza mu bokosi, ndikulisakaniza pang'ono. Onetsetsani kuti muteteze nthaka ndi mankhwala a fungicide. Njirayi ithandizira kupewa kufa kwa mbewu zomwe sizingalolere kuwola kwa nthaka ndi matenda a fungal.
2. Ikani nyembazo pansi ndikudina mopepuka (pafupifupi 0,5-0.7 cm), ndikusiya malo oyenera pakati pawo.
3. Phimbani ndi pulasitiki kapena galasi, ndipo ikani kabudula pamalo otentha kunja kwa dzuwa.
4. Kutentha kuyenera kukhalabe mkati mwa 21-25 degrees Celsius. Ngati digiri ndiyotsika, kukula kwa nthanga kumachepa, ngati ndikokwera, kumaima palimodzi.
5. Pakutha sabata limodzi, mudzawona zipatso za basamu zoyamba. Munthawi imeneyi, ndikofunikira kutsegula kanemayo, kuyatsa mbewu zazing'ono.
6. Kuthirira musanafike nkhomaliro.
7. Mbande ziyenera kupatsidwa zowonjezera usiku kapena nyengo yamvula.
8. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza pokhapokha tsamba loyamba litayamba. Koma apa chinthu chachikulu sindikuchita mopambanitsa.
9. Mukawona masamba 2-3 omwe abwera, musaiwale kusankha, ndikubzala mbewu zazing'ono m'makontena osiyana. Kumbukirani ngalande yosanjikiza.
10. Ulamuliro wa kutentha uyenera kukhalabe wofanana. Koma adakali molawirira kwambiri kujambula kanema. Izi zikhoza kuchitika pambuyo tichotseretu komaliza.
11. Mitengo ya basamu imeneyi imayenda bwino. Ngati izi sizichitika, tsinani masamba apamwamba. Chiwerengero cha maluwa chimadalira kuchuluka kwa mphukira zomwe zidapangidwa.
12. Kutseguka, zitsamba zimabzalidwa pakati pa Meyi - koyambirira kwa Julayi, kutengera dera.

    Zofunika! Izi ziyenera kuchitika pakakhala chiopsezo cha chisanu usiku. Pa nthawi yobzala, tchire lina limatha kukhala litayamba kale.

13. Pobzala, mabowo amakonzedwa (momwe wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kusakaniza kompositi), ndikubwerera pakati pawo mpaka 20-25 cm.
14. Ngakhale zili m'makontena, mbande ziyenera kuthiriridwa mochuluka, kenako zimatulutsidwa ndikuziyika m'maenje okonzedwa. Dzazani zokopazo ndikuzitsanulira bwino ndi madzi.

Mankhwala a Waller. Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu:

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Zomera zonse zimatha kudwala kapena kuwononga tizilombo. Mafuta a basamu nawonso amachita chimodzimodzi. Kuti musawononge chomeracho, muyenera kumvetsetsa mwachangu zomwe zili ndi matendawa, ndikuyamba kuchitapo kanthu.

• Masamba amagwa - Zoyenera kuchita? Izi zimatha kuyambitsidwa ndi mpweya wabwino kapena kuyatsa pang'ono.
  1. Sungani mphika kumalo otentha, opepuka. Vutoli liyenera kukonzedwa.
  2. Ngati sichoncho, fufuzani nthaka kuti yauma. Mwinamwake mumathirira maluwa mosasintha.
• Chifukwa? masamba azipiringa? Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kuwonongeka kwa nkhupakupa kwa chomeracho. Chotsani ziwalo zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka, ndikuchiza zotsalazo ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
• Masamba amasanduka achikasu. Kutsekemera kumasonyeza kusowa kwa chinyezi. Patulani masamba pafupipafupi, koma samalani kuti musafike maluwawo.
• Masamba amagwa - chifukwa chake ndi chiyani?
  1. Izi zimachitika ngati kuthirira kumachitika pafupipafupi kapena pafupipafupi. Sinthani mafupipafupi.
  2. Chifukwa china chothothoka masamba chimatha kusintha kukhala moyo watsopano.
• Masamba owuma - momwe ungamenyere? Izi zimachitika chifukwa chosowa chinyezi. Yesani kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa madzi anu othirira.
• Zimayambira kwambiri. Izi zimachitika ngati kulibe kuwala kokwanira kwa chomeracho, ndipo mpweya, m'malo mwake, ndi wotentha kwambiri. Pofuna kupewa vutoli, sungani duwa kumalo opepuka komanso ozizira.
• Mafuta a basamu amachita chimodzimodzi.
  1. Maluwa ofooka amasonyeza kusowa kwa kuwala ndi zakudya.
  2. Muzu wina wamavuto ndi hypothermia. Lonjezerani kuchuluka kwa kuwala ndi feteleza - zomerazo ziyambanso kukusangalatsani ndi maluwa awo.
• Masamba amafota ndi kugwa - chifukwa chake? Izi zimachitika ngati chomeracho chagwidwa ndi zowola chifukwa chakuthirira kwambiri. Chifukwa cha nthaka yonyowa nthawi zonse, mizu idayamba kuvunda. Kuti muchotse izi, sungani maluwawo m'nthaka yatsopano, kwinaku mukutsuka mizu, ndikusintha kuchuluka ndi kuthirira kwambiri. Ndi bwino kuchita izi nthaka ikauma.
• Kangaude anaukira. Matendawa amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a mawanga achikasu pamasamba. Popita nthawi, mtunduwo umawonjezera ndikuphimba tsamba lonse.
  1. Chotsani malo owonongeka kuti mupewe kufalikira kwa nkhupakupa.
  2. Ngati ma specks akadali ochepa, mutha kusamalira masamba ndi madzi a sopo.
  3. Pofuna kupewa kupezeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa, perekani mbewu kuti mpweya wozungulira usaume.
• Maonekedwe a gulugufe wamaluwa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timadziwika ndi chikasu cha masamba ndi zotsekemera zomata, mkati ndi kumbuyo kwa tsamba. Pofuna kupewa ndi kuchiza, perekani mankhwala a basamu ndi mankhwala potengera sopo wa potaziyamu.
• Liti kuukira thrips. Matendawa amatha kudziwika ndi kusintha kwa masamba achichepere, mawonekedwe a maluwa ndi mtundu wofiirira m'mbali mwa masambawo. Kuwongolera ma thrips, mutha kungochotsa maluwa omwe akhudzidwa.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya Balsamin yolimidwa kunyumba komanso m'munda ndizodabwitsa komanso zosiyanasiyana. Patsamba lathu lawebusayiti, tidayankhula za maluwa okongola awa munkhani zingapo:

• New Guinea: mawonekedwe akukulitsa mlendo waku Africa.
• Tom Samb: pinki musandigwire pawindo, chisamaliro ndi matenda.
• Chitsulo chachitsulo: kufotokozera komanso mankhwala amtundu wamtchire.
• Zosokoneza: malamulo okula, matenda omwe amapezeka.
• Ampelny: kubzala ndi kusamalira mbewu mnyumba mwanu.
• Wotchi: momwe mungakulire payekha?
• Vanka chonyowa: matenda okula komanso ofala a chomera chosatha.
• Munda: duwa lotseguka, kubzala ndi kusamalira.
• Terry: mawonekedwe olima ndi chisamaliro.

Chifukwa chake tidamuuza za basamu wa Waller, tsopano mukudziwa momwe mungasamalire komanso momwe mungathetsere mavuto omwe angakhalepo.