Duwa lachisangalalo ndi kutentha - kudziwana ndi red gerbera

Ma gerberas ofiira pazenera azikhala zokongoletsa zenizeni za nyumba iliyonse. Maluwa akutchire oterewa akhala akulimidwa bwino kunyumba kwazaka zambiri. Zachidziwikire, obereketsa adayesetsa momwe angathere kuti atulutse mitundu yomwe izikhala m'nyumba.

Ngati muphunzira zovuta zonse zosamalira gerbera yakunyumba, ndiye kuti idzasangalala ndi maluwa kwakanthawi. Ma gerberas ofiira amaimira chisangalalo ndi kutentha ndikubweretsa kunyumba kwanu.

Mbiri yoyambira

Pali nthano yonse yokhudza komwe maluwa a gerbera adachokera. M'nthawi zakale, kunali nkhalango nymph Zitsamba. Nthumwi iyi yachiwerewere inali ndi kukongola kofananako. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake, panali chidwi chochulukirapo kuchokera kwa ena. Iye anali atatopa ndi mafani zosasangalatsa ndipo inasanduka maluwa ang'onoang'ono kuthengo - gerbera.

Iyi ndi nthano chabe, koma zowona ndizosangalatsa kwambiri. Kale kuchiyambi kwa zaka za zana la 18, apaulendo Achi Dutch kumwera kwa Afirika anakumana ndi zomera zokhala ndi maluwa okongola achilendo. Mu 1737, katswiri wazomera Jan Gronovius adayamba kuphunzira za maluwa awa ndi momwe amafotokozera. Panthawiyo, palibe amene ankadziwa dzina la duwa lakuthengo, ndipo Jan adalipatsa dzina la mnzake, wamatsamba Traugott Gerber.

Kenako maluwa amtchire amtundu uliwonse wamithunzi adapezeka - ofiira, achikasu, lalanje, pinki, oyera, koma osati a buluu, mulibe ma gerberas abuluu. Pakadali pano pali mitundu yambiri ya gerbera yofiira, komwe adachokera ndi chifukwa cha ntchito ya obereketsa.

Kufotokozera kwa botanical

Gerbera ndi chomera chosatha cha banja la Asteraceae. Dera lomwe mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu idachokera ku South Africa, Madagascar.

Rhizome ya chomerayo ndi yamphamvu, yopangidwa bwino, yolimba. Tsinde ndi lalifupi, lokwera, limakwera kuchokera ku basal rosette, nthawi zambiri limafalikira. Peduncle aliyense ndi wosakwatiwa.

Masamba a Gerbera amadulidwa kwambiri, opapatiza, okhala ndi malekezero otambalala, amatha kufikira masentimita 35 m'litali. Amawasonkhanitsa muzitsulo. Chipatso cha gerberas ndi achene yolondola, gramu imodzi imakhala ndi mbewu 300-500.

Flower tanthauzo

Nthawi zambiri chomera chimayerekezeredwa ndi chimbale cha dzuwa, chomwe chimazunguliridwa ndi cheza chake. Kufanizira kumeneku kumapangitsa duwa kukhala ndi chiphiphiritso chabwino, chothandiza komanso chotsimikizira moyo. Chifukwa cha mitundu yake yowala, duwa la gerbera lakhala chizindikiro cha kusewera, chisangalalo chaumunthu, chisangalalo ndi kutentha.

Akatswiri a zamoyo amanena kuti m'chinenero cha maluwa, gerbera yofiira ndi chizindikiro cha kudzichepetsa, chinsinsi, kusalakwa komanso kuyera.

Kutengera tanthauzo lonse la chomeracho, ndichizolowezi kupereka gerbera kwa anthu omwe timawakonda, kuwalemekeza, kuwayamika, kuwayamikira ngakhale kudzipereka. Ma gerberas ofiira amaperekedwa nthawi zambiri kwa amuna kuti afotokozere za chikondi ndikupereka chisangalalo chenicheni.

Maonekedwe

Ma gerberas ofiira amatha kukhala amitundu yonse pafupi ndi utoto waukulu. Ma gerberas ofiira onse ndi zotsatira za zomwe abusa akunja amachita. Ma gerberas ofiira, monga mitundu ina yonse yamtunduwu, agawika mitundu itatu yayikulu:

• zosavuta - maluwa ofanana ndi mamangidwe a chamomile;
• terry - maluwa ofanana ndi kapangidwe ka aster;
• theka-kawiri - maluwa okhala ndi masamba awiri a aster, koma malo omveka bwino.

Ndi kukula kwa duwa, ma gerberas ofiira ndi awa:

1. zazing'ono-zoyenda - mpaka 10 masentimita mwake;
2. chokulirapo - mpaka 30 masentimita mwake.

Ma gerberas ofiira amasiyana mawonekedwe a masamba:

• wotambalala;
• masamba apakati;
• yopapatiza.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya red gerbera, yotchuka kwambiri:

1. Kuwala Kokoma.
2. Sophie.
3. Rachel.
4. Alde nkhosa.
5. Veronica.
6. Peter.
7. Pluto.
8. Romeo.

Chithunzi

Onani chithunzi cha ma gerberas ofiira:

Malamulo obzala ndi malangizo

Kuti gerbera yofiira ikule ndikukula, iyenera kupanga zinthu zochepa pamoyo.

Kuunikira ndi malo

Gerbera amamva bwino m'zipinda zotentha + 16-20 C... Zimakhala zovuta kupanga zinthu zotere kunyumba, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotentha m'nyumba. Chifukwa chake, masiku otentha kwambiri, gerbera iyenera kupukutidwa ndikuikidwa m'malo okhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso kupeza mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse.

Mphika wokhala ndi chomera ukhoza kuyikidwa bwino pakhonde, loggia kapena mumsewu. Chinyengo ichi ndi chabwino masika ndi chilimwe.

Gerbera amakonda kuyatsa kokwanira, koma masiku otentha kwambiri muyenera kuteteza ku dzuwa. Ngati mulibe kuwala kokwanira m'nyengo yozizira, mutha kuwonjezera chomeracho ndi phytolamp.

Malo abwino kwambiri oyikapo mphika ndi chomera ndi mawindo kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa.

Kuthirira ndi chinyezi

Gerbera amakonda kuthirira pang'ono. Kwa iye chinyezi chomwe chili poto ndi kuyanika kwa dziko lapansi ndizovulaza... M'chilimwe, chomeracho chimayenera kuthiriridwa katatu pamlungu, kutengera kuyanika kwa nthaka.

M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumayenera kuchepetsedwa, ndipo ndondomekoyi iyenera kuchitidwa pokhapokha ngati coma yadothi yauma. Pothirira, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osefa komanso okhazikika. Asanathirire, madzi ayenera kutenthedwa pang'ono.

CHOFUNIKA! Ndikofunika kutsanulira madzi pang'ono m'mphepete mwa mphikawo panthaka, osalola chinyezi kulowa muzuwo. Izi zitha kubweretsa kufa kwa chomeracho.

Njira yabwino kuthirira ndi kuthirira thireyi. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, muyenera kukumbukira kutsanulira madzi mu sump mphindi 30 mutathirira.

Gerbera amakonda chinyezi chambiri... Chipindacho chikakhala chouma, chinyezi chimatha kuwonjezeredwa ndikupopera madzi mlengalenga kuchokera kubotolo la utsi. Mutha kupopera gerbera, koma ndikuyenera kuchita izi nthawi zambiri. Ngati pali kukayikira zakupopera mbewu za mbeu, ndi zotsatira zake, ndibwino kuti musagwire ntchitoyi.

Mphika wobzala duwa uyenera kutsitsidwa, ndikutambalala pamwamba. Ndikofunikira, mukamabzala, kugwiritsa ntchito ngalande pansi pamphika.

Zofunika panthaka

Podzala gerbera Nthaka zotsatirazi ndizoyenera:

• dothi logulidwa konsekonse ndi kuwonjezera kwa vermiculite ndi makala osweka;
• osakaniza okonzeka kwa maluwa ndi kuwonjezera kwa vermiculite ndi makala ophwanyika;
• chisakanizo chodzikonzekeretsa cha dothi lamasamba, mchenga ndi peat, chosakanikirana ndi 2: 1: 1 ratio.

Nthaka yobzala gerberas zoweta iyenera kukhala:

1. lotayirira;
2. kuloleza;
3. kupuma;
4. acidity;
5. otsika m'thupi.

Feteleza

Gerbera imatha kudyetsedwa kokha ndi feteleza amchere wopangira maluwa - phosphorous, potashi, kukonzekera kwa nayitrogeni. Pafupipafupi umuna uyenera kukhala kamodzi pakatha masabata awiri aliwonse mchilimwe-chilimwe komanso kamodzi pamwezi m'nyengo yozizira.

CHOFUNIKA! Gerbera, monga maluwa aliwonse otentha, samalola kudya kulikonse.

Momwe mungasamalire?

Mfundo zofunika kwambiri pa chisamaliro choyenera cha gerbera:

• zolimbitsa koma kuthirira nthawi zonse;
• mpweya wokwanira wa chipinda;
• kukhala ndi chinyezi chambiri mchipinda;
• nthawi yotentha, tengani mphika ndi chomera panja;
• utsi masamba a chomeracho, kupewa chinyezi pa zimayambira, maluwa ndi masamba;
• chotsani maluwa omwe amasowa kuchokera ku chomeracho kuti ntchito yopititsa patsogolo isalephereke;
• khalani ndi chakudya chokhazikika.

Matenda wamba ndi tizirombo

Gerbera amadzipereka kuti agonjetsedwe ndi tizirombo tomwe tikutsatira:

• Whitefly - gulugufe yaying'ono, imachulukitsa mwachangu, mphutsi za tizilombo zimayambitsa masamba, zimasanduka chikasu mwachangu ndikugwa.

  Ndalama zochokera ku Permethrin zithandizira pankhondoyi. Muyenera kupopera mbewu yomwe yakhudzidwa masiku atatu aliwonse mpaka mphutsi ndi agulugufe atawonongedwa.

• Kangaude - imakoka gawo la nyembalo mumtengowo, ndipo imadya timitengo ndi masamba, chomeracho chimauma ndikufa.

  Kusamba masamba ndi madzi sopo pafupipafupi kumathandizira kuchotsa tizilombo. Muthanso kuthandizira mankhwala ophera tizilombo - Fitoverm, Antiklesh, Fufanon, Aktellik. Kupopera mpweya pafupipafupi mchipinda kumakhala kothandiza; nthata sizimalekerera chinyezi.

• Aphid - sikophweka kuziwona ndi maso, koma zimapita patsogolo mzati ndipo zimakhudza masamba ndi mphukira zazing'ono.

  Kuchotsa nsabwe za m'masamba, yankho la anabasine sulphate kapena nicotine sulphate muyeso wa 1 gramu pa lita imodzi ya madzi ndiloyenera.

Gerberas nthawi zambiri amadwala mafangasi ndi matenda monga:

• fusarium ndi verticillosis - pali mdima ndi bulauni wa mizu ndi gawo la mizu ya zimayambira;
• imvi zowola - masamba ndi zimayambira zimakhazikika ndi maluwa otuwa, chomeracho chimamwalira;
• powdery mildew - pamwamba pamasamba pamakhala pachimake, masamba amada komanso amapiringa;
• choipitsa mochedwa - mawanga akuda akuda amawonekera pamasamba ndi tsinde, ndi olimba kwambiri, ngati minofu. Zimayambira ndi mizu yowola.

CHOFUNIKA! Kukula kwa matenda onsewa, nthawi zambiri, amakwiya chifukwa chodzala mbewu kwambiri ndikuthirira kwambiri.

Pofuna kupewa matenda, muyenera:

1. sungani kuchuluka komanso kuthirira pafupipafupi;
2. madzi otalikirana ndi zimayambira pa nthaka yaulere kapena kuthirira podula;
3. mbali zazomera zomwe zowonongera zakunja zimawonekera ziyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo ndikuwonongeka, ndipo malo ocheka ndi mabala ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi phulusa lamatabwa;
4. Chitani kuthira nthenda nthaka nthawi zonse (makamaka mukamaika) ndi yankho la mankhwala - Fundazol.

Zoswana

Mitundu yonse ya gerbera imaberekana m'njira zitatu.

Kugawa tchire

Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pakukhazikitsa mbeu kamodzi pachaka. Kuti mugawane tchire, muyenera:

1. Tengani chitsamba chachikulu ndi zokula zingapo.
2. Chotsani chitsamba mumphika wakale, pitilirani mosamala kwambiri, chifukwa mizu ya gerbera ndiyabwino kwambiri.
3. Chotsani mizu ya zotsalira za nthaka, mutha kutsuka ndi yankho la Fundazol.
4. Ndi mpeni wakuthwa, gawani mizu muzidutswa kuti chitsamba chilichonse chatsopano chikhale ndi malo ake okula.
5. Gwiritsani ntchito mabalawo ndi phulusa la nkhuni.
6. Bzalani tchire latsopano mu gawo lodziwika bwino.

Mbewu

Kuti mukule ndi mbewu, muyenera kutsatira njira zotsatirazi:

1. Tengani chidebe cha pulasitiki chokhala ndi chivindikiro kapena mphasa yamatabwa ndi pepala lokutira.
2. Dzazani chidebecho ndi peat gawo lapansi.
3. Sungunulani nthaka ndi botolo la kutsitsi.
4. Bzalani nyembazo pa nthaka yonyowayo ndikuziwaza mchenga.
5. Phimbani chidebecho ndi chivindikiro kapena chilimbitseni ndi kanema, motere zinthu zimapangidwira kutentha kwa mbewu.
6. Mphukira zoyamba zimawoneka m'masiku 7-14, munthawi yonseyi mbewu zimayenera kupuma mpweya ndikuthira nthaka pang'ono.
7. Tsegulani chidebecho ndi timasamba tating'ono.
8. Masamba 2-3 akangoyamba kuwonekera pa mphukira, mutha kuyika mbande m'miphika yosiyana.

Zodula

Njira yobereketsa iyi ndi yosavuta kuchita. Pakumezanitsa muyenera:

1. Chomera chachikulu, dulani phesi lalifupi ndi masamba angapo.
2. Bzalani nthambi iyi mumchenga wosakaniza ndi peat.
3. Mutha kutseka mmera ndi mtsuko kapena kanema, nthawi zambiri muzitsuka.
4. Pambuyo masiku 15-20, chomeracho chimayamba kukhala ndi mizu yaying'ono, kenako imatha kuikidwanso pagawo lodziwika bwino pamalo okhazikika.

Momwe gerbera iliri yokongola! Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamaluwa imalimbikitsa kupanga maluwa. Kusakanikirana kwa maluwa ofiira, pinki, oyera, achikasu ndi lalanje kusangalala ndipo kumakhalabe mumakumbukiro anu ndikutulutsa kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ndipo geronera ya Jameson ingokopa aliyense!

Mapeto

Mutaphunzira zovuta zonse zosamalira ma gerber kunyumba, mutha kupanga paradaiso wathunthu kunyumba. Maluwawo ndiosavuta kusamalira, ndipo njira zofalitsa zilipo kuti zikule zitsanzo zatsopano popanda khama.

Onerani kanemayo: Home u0026 Garden - Gerbera Daisies 101 with Shirley Bovshow - Hallmark Channel (September 2024).