Kodi matenda a masamba mu gloxinia ndi omwe amachiritsidwa?

Gloxinia ndi chomera chodziwika bwino chanyumba. Ponena za kukula, sizosankha, koma zili ndi mawonekedwe ake chisamaliro.

Ngati aphwanyidwa, ndiye kuti zimadzala ndi matenda omwe nthawi zambiri amakhudza tsamba la tsamba. Chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika? Muyenera kudziwa zambiri za ward yanu.

Chotsatira, tidzakambirana za zovuta zamaluwa, zodzitetezera. Komanso, phunzirani za chisamaliro choyenera cha chomeracho.

Kodi chomera ichi ndi chiyani?

Ndi chomera chachilendo ku Brazil ndi Peru. Chomeracho ndi chosatha, ndi cha banja la Gesneriev. Zimasiyana pamasamba velvety ndi maluwa owoneka ngati ndere. Amatha kutenga mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Maluwawo ali ngati mabelu. Mitunduyo ndi yosiyana kwambiri:

1. Buluu.
2. Oyera.
3. Pinki.
4. chofiira.
5. Brown.
6. Pepo.

Pamakalata. Gloxinia pachimake chimakhala kuyambira Meyi mpaka Seputembara. Mbeu zimapsa mubokosi laling'ono. Iwowo ndi ochepa ndipo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe otambalala.

Kapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe

Masamba a chomeracho amafanana ndi mtima wolimba. Kukula kwawo ndikochepa, chifukwa chake, dera la chinyezi chimakhala chachikulu. Pamwambapa pamakhala patali, pali mitsempha yambiri. Mtundu wa tsamba la masambawo ndi wobiriwira mdima, iwowo ndi otakata, koma amaloza kumapeto. Pamodzi ndi mitundu yowala, tandem yoyambirira komanso yosangalatsa imapezeka.

Matenda wamba: malongosoledwe ndi chithunzi

Kenako, mutha kuwona chithunzi cha matenda am'magulu a gloxinia:

Mawanga a bulauni amawonekera

Mpweya

Ichi ndi matenda a fungal, omwe amatha kudziwika ndi kupezeka kwa tsamba lofiirira pamasamba a gloxinia. Popita nthawi, amayamba kuwukira mphukira ndi thunthu la chomeracho, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwola ndi kuwonongeka. Mukapanda kuyamba kuchiza anthracnose, ndiye kuti zingawononge maluwa onse. Matendawa amapezeka makamaka pazomera zomwe zimawonongeka kapena sizisungunuka.

Zindikirani! Kukula kwa bowa kumathandizidwa ndi chinyezi cham'mlengalenga komanso kuchuluka kwa pH m'nthaka, komanso kusowa kwa potaziyamu ndi phosphorous.

Pofuna kupewa anthracnose, muyenera kupopera mankhwalawa motere:

• Oxyhom;
• Chikho;
• Mkuwa chloroxy.

Bowa limasamutsidwa mothandizidwa ndi kufufuza, mpweya ndi tizirombo. Chifukwa chake sikoyenera kuyika duwa panja nyengo yamvula. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chipangizocho, nthawi yomweyo perekani mankhwala kuti muwononge tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kupewa matenda. Ngati matendawa ndi olimba, ndiye kuti duwa lidzawonongedwa kwathunthu. Pofuna kupewa kukula kwa bowa pazomera zina, amayenera kuthandizidwa ndi fungicides 3-4 nthawi yayitali milungu 1.5.

Ascochitosis

Ichi ndi matenda a fungal, omwe amatha kudziwika ndi kupezeka kwa mawanga ofiira kapena ofiira okhala ndi malire abulauni. Zonse zimayang'ana masamba azomera. Chifukwa chachikulu cha kukula kwa matendawa ndikutentha kwambiri mchipinda.

1. Zizindikiro zoyamba zikapezeka, chotsani mwachangu masamba onse omwe akhudzidwa nthawi yomweyo.
2. Tengani maluwawo ndi Bordeaux osakaniza, mkuwa sulphate kapena fungicides: Vectra, Abigapik.
3. Pambuyo masiku 7, kubwereza mankhwala.

Chifukwa chiyani amafota komanso kupotana?

Zizindikiro izi zikuwonetsa matenda monga fusarium. Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimakula ndikutentha kwa mpweya komanso kusowa kwa madzi, michere m'nthaka, chifukwa chake, gloxinia imasiya khola. Fusarium ndi matenda a fungal omwe amalowa mmera kudzera mu gawo lomwe lili ndi kachilomboka. Masamba amayamba kufota, kupiringa ndikusintha bulauni.
Kodi mungatani ngati masamba atakhota?

1. Kuti mupulumutse chomeracho, chotsani mumphika.
2. Mosamala yeretsani nthaka.
3. Chitani ndi fungicides monga Topaz ndi Foodnazol.
4. Bzalani duwa mu nthaka yatsopano.

Sintha chikasu

Chlorosis

Matendawa amapezeka pomwe acidity yapadziko lapansi ndiyotsika, zomwe ndi zotsatira zothirira maluwa ndi madzi olimba. Ndikosavuta kuzindikira matendawa, chifukwa mawanga achikaso amitundu yosiyanasiyana amawoneka pamasamba.

Malangizo. Kuti mupulumutse chomeracho, chimayenera kuikidwa ndikuthiriridwa ndi madzi otentha kutentha. Pofuna kumuika, gawo logwiritsira ntchito acidic ndi lopepuka limagwiritsidwa ntchito, lomwe limatha kuloleza mpweya kuti udutse muzu.

Bowa wonyezimira

Ngati thovu lamitundumitundu lapangidwa mkati mwa tsamba la masamba, ndipo mawanga achikaso ali panja, ndiye kuti izi ndi zisonyezo zowonekera za bowa dzimbiri. Chifukwa cha chitukukochi ndi chisamaliro chosavomerezeka, kapena m'malo mokhala mchinyontho, chipinda chofunda komanso chozizira. Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, chotsani ziwalo zonse zomwe zawonongeka ndikuzisamalira. Pofuna kupewa, perekani ndi colloidal sulfure.

Sintha wakuda

Chifukwa chiyani masamba amasanduka akuda? Tsinde ndi masamba a gloxinia atayamba kukhala akuda, izi ndi zizindikiro za imvi zowola. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi cha nthaka kumatha kukhudza chitukuko. Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, gwiritsani ntchito malangizo awa:

1. Chotsani chitsamba ndikuchipenda. Ngati pali mbali zowonongeka za tuber ndi mlengalenga, ndiye kuti muchotse.
2. Sanjani mbali zotsalira zathanzi ndi Topaz kapena Fundazol.
3. Bzalani mbewu yochiritsidwayo m'nthaka yatsopano.

Mawanga a bulauni

Matendawa

Ichi ndi nthenda ina ya fungal yomwe imafalikira ndi madontho amvula ndi mafunde ampweya. Zinthu zotsatirazi zitha kukhudza chitukuko cha septoria:

• Kupeza duwa mchipinda momwe kutentha kwamlengalenga kuli madigiri 20-25, ndipo chinyezi ndi 98%.
• Kutonthoza masamba a chomera, nthawi yake yopitilira maola 48.
• Kuunikira kowala bwino.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za septoria ndi zowuma, zotuwa pabwalo pamasamba omwe amafanana ndi dzimbiri. Kenako zimagwa, ndipo zimayambira.

Kuti mupeze chithandizo, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana kutengera mkuwa ndi fungicides:

1. Benomil.
2. Mankozeb.
3. Chlorthalonil.
4. Maneb.

Chitani chithandizochi kawiri ndi nthawi ya masiku 7-10.

Choipitsa cham'mbuyo

Matendawa ndi amodzi mwangozi. Ikhoza kufalikira kudzera m'nthaka, zida zobzala, ndi madzi amvula.

Zofunika! M'nthaka, wothandizira matendawa amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 8.

Matenda a chomera amapezeka miyezi 2-3 isanakwane kukula kwa zizindikilo zazikulu. Zinthu zotsatirazi zimakhudza:

• nthaka yolimba kwambiri;
• madzi osayenda mumphika;
• dongosolo lolimba la zomera;
• kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka yopanda chosawilitsidwa;
• kuthirira madzi amvula ndi kupopera mobwerezabwereza;
• chinyezi chamlengalenga choposa 80%;
• kupeza duwa m'chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwa mpweya kwa madigiri 17-22 pamwamba pa zero.

Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zikuthandizani kuzindikira matenda:

1. mapangidwe a mawanga abulauni pamasamba;
2. pachimake pachikopa choyera chomwe chimakhudza mkati mwa tsamba;
3. mapangidwe a mikwingwirima yakuda bulauni pamasamba ndi zimayambira;
4. kufota pafupipafupi kwa chomera;
5. mapangidwe mabowo osasunthika pa tsinde la duwa.

Kuchiza kwa vuto lakumapeto ndi njira yovuta komanso yayitali. Chowonadi ndi chakuti wothandizirayo samayankha pakukonzekera kwa mankhwala. Kuteteza kumakhalabe njira yabwino kwambiri yoyendetsera. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa:

• Kuprozan.
• Polycarbocide.
• Tsineb.
• Wachinyamata.
• Captan.

Kukonzekera kumachitika nthawi yomwe ingakhudze kukula kwa matendawa. Kutalika pakati pakupopera ndi masiku 7.

Youma

Ngati masamba apansi a duwa amauma, ndiye kuti izi zitha kukhudzidwa ndi zifukwa monga kusakwanira chinyezi cha mpweya kapena kusefukira. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, chitani ndi Fungicide kapena Fitosporin.

Zindikirani! Ngati masamba ayamba kuuma nthawi yophukira, pomwe duwa likukonzekera kupumula, ndiye kuti izi ndichizolowezi.

Mutha kuphunzira zambiri zamatenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizirombo ta gloxinia, komanso njira zothanirana nazo, kuchokera m'nkhaniyi.

Njira zodzitetezera

Kotero kuti tsamba la tsamba silimakhudza maluwa, ndikofunikira kupewa nthawi yake:

1. Kuthirira kudzachitika munthawi yomwe chomera chimafuna. Kenako sipadzakhala kuyamwa mopitirira muyeso ndi malo.
2. Musayike duwa pomwe limawunikiridwa ndi dzuwa.
3. Musanabzala ma tubers a gloxinia pansi, ayenera kukonzedwa.
4. Onetsetsani chinyezi mchipinda.

Zofunikira pakukula kwathanzi

Kuti chitukuko chikule bwino ndikukula bwino kwa mbeu, izi ziyenera kuchitika:

• Kuunikira bwino. Iyenera kukhala yowala ndikufalikira nthawi yomweyo. Ikani duwa pazenera loyang'ana kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo. Maola masana ayenera kukhala maola 12-14.
• Nthaka yowala komanso yopatsa thanzi, umuna. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito dothi lokhala ndi peat. Mavalidwe apamwamba ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito katatu pamwezi. Gwiritsani ntchito Potaziyamu Monophosphate, Fertika Lux.
• Kutentha kwakanthawi. Pakati pa kuthirira, pamwamba pake nthaka iyenera kuyanika pang'ono. Kuthirira kumachitika kudzera mu thireyi kapena m'mphepete mwa mphika. Gwiritsani madzi otentha komanso okhazikika. Mukatha kuthira, madzi owonjezera amayenera kudutsa m'mabowo mumphika. Werengani za momwe mungathirire ndi kudyetsa gloxinia kunyumba.
• Nthawi ya kutentha iyenera kukhala madigiri 18-25. Ngati kutentha kumakhala kotsika, kukula kumatha, ndipo ngati kutentha kuli kwakukulu, maluwa samatseguka bwino, chomeracho chimataya turgor ya masamba.
• Zidebe zamaluwa siziyenera kukhala pafupi. Onetsetsani kuti mbeu sizikukhudzana ndi masamba. Ngati palibe malo okwanira, duwa limatha kutambasula. Werengani za mtundu wa mphika wa gloxinia womwe mukufuna pano.

Werengani zambiri zakusamalira gloxinia apa, ndipo apa tidayankhula zakukula kwa duwa.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa matenda onse omwe ali pamwambapa a gloxinia munthawi yake ndikuyamba kumenya nkhondo. Ngati mwaphonya nthawi ino, ndiye kuti mutha kuwononga osati maluwa okha, komanso oyandikana nawo. Ndipo ndi bwino kupereka zinthu zoyenera kukula ndi kukula kwa chomeracho, komanso nthawi yoletsa kupewa.

Onerani kanemayo: 16 Tickets! Can We Get Gloxinia?! Seven Deadly Sins Grand Cross (September 2024).