Chithandizo cha Phalaenopsis orchid, mafotokozedwe ndi zithunzi za matenda
Phalaenopsis ndi zomera zopanda ulemu zomwe, mosamala, sizidzadwala. Kupanda kutero, bowa, mabakiteriya, tizilombo titha kupatsira maluwa.
Ngati zizindikiro zakugonjetsedwa sizikupezeka munthawi yake, ndiye kuti duwa limayamba kukula bwino, kukula, ndipo maluwa ake adzaima. Muzovuta kwambiri, chomeracho chimamwalira.
Zizindikiro za matenda ofala kwambiri a orchid ndi ziti? Momwe mungasamalire ndi kupewa kupezeka kwawo - werengani.
Zomera
Phalaenopsis onse ndi ochepa. Amakula mwachilengedwe pamitengo ikuluikulu, amabzala ziphuphu ngati zothandizira. Maluwawo ali ndi tsinde limodzi, opanda nthambi. Kutalika kwake kumafika masentimita 10-100. Masamba a orchid amakula pang'onopang'ono, monganso tsinde. Masamba obiriwira ochepa ndi omwe amatha kutuluka mchaka chimodzi. Amapangidwa nthawi yamaluwa. Zimakhala miyezi itatu. Poyamba, masamba apamwamba amamasula, ndipo otsika akupangabe.
Kodi matenda amasiyana bwanji ndi tizirombo?
Kutchulidwa. Matenda a Phalaenopsis ndizofala, zomwe zimayambitsa chisamaliro choyenera. Matenda amatha kukhala mafangasi, mavairasi, ndi zowola ndizofala.
Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi zizindikiro zake zomwe zimathandiza kusiyanitsa ndi tizirombo. Nthawi zambiri, duwa likakhudzidwa ndi matenda, masamba amakhala mdima nthawi yomweyo, amauma ndikugwa (mutha kudziwa zambiri zamatenda amtsamba pano). Ndipo tizilombo tikamachezera chomeracho, ntchito yonseyi imachitika pang'onopang'ono: masamba amakhala okutidwa ndi mawanga, amafota pang'onopang'ono kenako nkugwa. Izi zimathandiza mlimiyo kuchitapo kanthu munthawi yake ndikupulumutsa duwa.
Ambiri maluwa
Matenda ofala kwambiri a phalaenopsis ndi awa:
Kuvunda. Zinthu zingapo zimatha kuyikhudza. Chinyezi chapamwamba chimakhalabe chachikulu. Ngati pali malo ofewa akuda pa tsinde kapena pamunsi, ndiye kuti izi zikuwonetsa kupezeka kwa zowola. Madera onse okhudzidwa amadulidwa mosamala ndikupatsidwa makala. Bzalani mbewu yatsopano.
- Powdery mildew. Matendawa amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe oyera pachimake pamasamba. Ndi matenda a fungus omwe amapha mbewu pang'onopang'ono. Thirirani chomera chomwe chakhudzidwa ndi yankho la colloidal sulfure.
- Mabakiteriya. Matendawa ndi osavuta kuzindikira. Mawanga akuda amapanga masamba. Popita nthawi, amawuma ndipo masambawo amakhala ndi zilonda. Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, dulani madera omwe akhudzidwa ndikuwaza ufa wamafuta. Ngati patapita kanthawi mawanga amawonekeranso, ndiye kuti muyenera kugula zokonzekera mwapadera.
Zifukwa zake ndi ziti?
Zifukwa zotsatirazi zingakhudze kukula kwa matendawa mu orchid:
- Kuphwanya ulamuliro wowala. Phalaenopsis ndi yamtundu wa ma orchid omwe amalekerera mthunzi. Amakhala omasuka pamawindo omwe akuyang'ana kumpoto.
Zindikirani! Dzuwa limakhala lowopsa kwa iwo, ndipo kutentha kwamphamvu kumatha kukula ngati kulowera mwachindunji m'masamba. Siziwononga kwambiri chomeracho, koma zimasiya mabala oyipa.
- Kutsirira kosayenera. Maluwa a orchid amakonda chinyezi chambiri, koma samachita bwino akamathirira nthawi zonse. Zotsatira zake, kuvunda ndi kugwa kwamasamba kumatha kuchitika.
- Kutentha kochepa. Kunyumba, orchid ili ndi mwayi wochepa wozizira kozizira. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika mukamanyamula kuchokera m'sitolo kapena posuntha. Madera okhudzidwa amakhala ndi mabala oyera ndikufa. Zoterezi zimachitikanso mukamwaza mbewu m'malo otentha komanso chifukwa cha mpweya wabwino.
Momwe mungadziwire zomwe zidachitika?
Chovuta pakupeza matenda oyenera ndikuti zizindikilo zakunja ndizofanana ndi tizirombo. Ndicholinga choti kuti mupeze matenda omaliza, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa duwa.
Ngati sizinangopezeka zisonyezo zokha, komanso tizilombo, ndiye kuti ndizomwe zimayambitsa vutoli. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kudziwa zizindikilo zazikulu za matenda ofala a orchid. Ndiye zidzakhala zotheka kumvetsetsa motsimikiza ngati ndi tizilombo kapena matenda.
Ndi mbali ziti za mbewu zomwe zawonongeka?
Nthawi zambiri, kugonjetsedwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamasamba, mizu ndi tsinde la chomeracho. Mbale imayamba kusanduka yachikaso, kufota komanso kufota. Phesi limayamba kuda komanso kuwola. Mizu nthawi zambiri imakhudzidwa ndi zowola, chifukwa chake mizu yake imawola ndikufa (werengani momwe mungasamalire mizu ya orchid apa).
Kufotokozera zamavuto, zithunzi ndi chithandizo
Onani zithunzi za matenda aliwonse ndi momwe amafotokozera.
Mpweya
Ichi ndi matenda a mafangasi omwe amayamba chifukwa chinyezi chambiri komanso madzi osayenda. Zotsatira zake, amawotcha mawonekedwe pamasamba a chomeracho.
Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, m'pofunika kuchotsa malo onse okhudzidwa ndi minofu yathanzi, ndiyeno nkumawaza ndi phulusa. Ngati chotupacho ndi chachikulu, ndiye kuti chomeracho chikuyenera kuthandizidwa ndi kukonzekera kwa Mikosan. Ikani orchid m'chipinda chouma ndipo nthawi zonse muzitsanulira madzi poto.
Dzimbiri
Chifukwa chachikulu cha kukula kwa matendawa ndi zolakwika zosamalira. Kugonjetsedwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito masamba a chomeracho.
Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, dulani malo omwe ali ndi nthendayo, ndi kuwaza malo odulidwayo ndi ufa wa mpweya. Pothana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la mowa la 20%. Ngati chotupacho ndi chachikulu kwambiri, gwiritsani ntchito Mikosan, Skor kapena Ridomil.
Powdery mildew
Kutentha kwambiri komanso kutentha kumatha kukhudza matendawa. Mutha kuzindikira matendawa pachimake choyera pamasamba.
Zizindikiro zoyamba zikapezeka, kuthirira orchid bwinobwino, ndipo pambuyo pa maola awiri muziyitenga ndi yankho la colloidal sulfure pogwiritsa ntchito botolo la kutsitsi. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito Fitosporin. Utsi masambawo nawo katatu kapena pakati ndi masiku 10.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitsamba, mwachitsanzo, sopo ndi soda. Pokonzekera, tengani 25 g ya soda, 5 g wa sopo wamadzi, 5 malita a madzi otentha. Choyamba, sungunulani koloko m'madzi, kenaka yikani sopo. Njirayi ikangotha, ndiye muipopera masiku 7-10 aliwonse.
Bowa (wakuda) bowa
Matendawa amakhudza masamba a orchid, omwe amakhala omata (werengani za masamba omata mu phalaenopsis pano). Chotupacho chakuda sichimalola masamba kuti alandire kuwala kwa dzuwa mu kuchuluka kofunikira, motero chomeracho chimafooka.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa Mikosan, Ridomil, Topsin-M, Skor. Zithandizo zaanthu zilibe mphamvu pano.
Kuvunda
Wakuda
Ndi chimodzi mwazofala kwambiri. Mawonetseredwe oyamba a matendawa amawoneka patatha maola 12 chilondacho. Mphukira zazing'ono zimakhudzidwa nthawi zambiri. Amakhala akuda ndikuphimbidwa ndi zokutira zomata.
Zofunika! Ngati zowola zakuda zapezeka, ndikofunikira kupatula chomeracho ndi chathanzi.
Kutumiza kwa bowa kovulaza kumachitika mwa kukhudzana, kuti chithandizocho chikhale chovuta. Chofunika chake ndikuti muyenera kuchotsa madera omwe akhudzidwa, ndikuchiritsa mabala a sinamoni kapena sulfure. Akatha kuuma, awapatseni ndi fungicide.
Onerani kanema wamomwe mungachiritse Phalaenopsis kumatenda a fungus pamlomo wachiberekero:
Muzu
Ndi matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha chinyezi komanso kutentha. Maluwawo amayamba kuda ndi kuzika mizu. Nthawi yomweyo, masamba amakhala ndi bulauni yakuda.
Kubwezeretsa muzu kuyenera kuyambika pochiza chomeracho ndi yankho la fungicide ndikuchotsa madera omwe akhudzidwa. Nthaka imakonzedwanso. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito Fundazol kapena Topsin. Chitani izi kosachepera katatu komanso patadutsa milungu iwiri.
Tidakambirana za chithandizo cha matendawa, onani momwe vutoli likuwonekera pachithunzichi:
Imvi
izo matendawa ndi chifukwa cha kuphwanya malamulo a chisamaliro. Ndikukula kwa imvi zowola, mawanga amawonekera maluwa. Ali ndi mtundu wakuda, kenako amaphimbidwa ndi pachimake chakuda.
Zindikirani! Chomera chikapanda kuchiritsidwa, chidzafooka ndi kufa.
Chithandizo chimachepetsedwa pochotsa madera omwe akhudzidwa ndikuchiza fungicides. Ngati mutalandira chithandizo choyamba mulibe zotsatira zabwino, ndiye kuti mankhwala omwewo sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito, popeza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a imvi tayamba kukana.
Dziwani zambiri za imvi ndi zowola pano.
Kubwezeretsa mwachangu kunyumba
Ndi chiyani icho?
Kubwezeretsa mwadzidzidzi ndi chithandizo chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wopulumutsa zomera munthawi yochepa ndikupewa ma orchids.
Zimafunika liti?
Pamakalata. Chizindikiro chachikulu chomwe munthu amatha kumvetsetsa kuti duwa lifa posachedwa ndi kupezeka kwa masamba owuma ndi aulesi, peduncle wouma.
Ngati masamba 1-2 afota pansipa, ndiye kuti izi sizachilendo. Koma pakuwonjezera kwa njirayi pamapepala onse, kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kuyenera kuchitidwa. Thandizani maluwa anu ngati adwala ndikuwapulumutsa kuimfa.
Momwe mungasungire?
Nayi njira mwatsatanetsatane yamomwe mungakhazikitsirenso maluwa a orchid nokha:
- Muzimutsuka mizu, chotsani omwe akhudzidwa.
- Konzani chidebe, tsanulirani dothi pansi, ndikusungunuka mosamala ndi sphagnum pamwamba.
- Sungunulani chisakanizo bwino.
- Ikani tsamba la rosette ndipo mpaka mbewuyo ili ndi mizu yokhala ndi masentimita 3-5, isungeni.
- Pofuna kubwezeretsanso maluwa, muyenera kutsatira zinthu izi: kutentha madigiri 22-28, chinyezi 70-100%. Kuunikira kuyenera kukhala maola 12-14 patsiku.
Kupewa mawonekedwe
Kuti orchid iphulike kwa nthawi yayitali ndikusangalala ndi mitundu yowala, ndipo matendawa sanamugwere, mlimi ayenera kutsatira njira zotsatirazi:
- Kuyatsa. Chomeracho chikufuna kukhala pamalo pomwe pamakhala kuwala kwa dzuwa. M'nyengo yozizira, mutha kuwonjezera kutalika kwa maola masana pogwiritsa ntchito nyali zowoneka bwino.
Kutentha. Kwa orchid, kutentha kwa madigiri 25-30 mchilimwe ndi madigiri 20-25 m'nyengo yozizira kumawerengedwa kuti ndi abwino.
- Mpweya. Ventilate phalaenopsis nthawi zonse, koma pewani zojambula.
- Chinyezi. Iyenera kukhala mkati mwa 60-80%. Kuti muwonjezere, muyenera kuyika chidebe chamadzi pafupi ndi mphika wamaluwa.
- Kuthirira. Sungunulani mafuta pokhapokha khungwa litauma. Kuti muchite izi, ikani mphika mumtsuko wamadzi kwa theka la ola. Nthawi ino ndiyokwanira kuti phalaenopsis idye kuchuluka kwa madzi.
Phalaenopsis ndi mtundu wa orchid womwe umagonjetsedwa ndi matenda mosamala. Koma simuyenera kumasuka. Olima maluwa amayenera kuyendera mbewu nthawi zonse, ndipo ngati zovuta zimapezeka, yambani kulandira chithandizo.