Kodi petunia hybrids ndi chiyani? Malongosoledwe ndi mawonekedwe awo

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Petunias amadziwika kuti ndiwotchuka kwambiri ndi wamaluwa, amamasula kwambiri ndipo sadzisamalira.

Zitha kuwonedwa pamitundu yosiyanasiyana: pabedi lamaluwa, pakhonde, komanso zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa khonde la nyumba.

Amakondweretsa diso ndi mtedza wokongola wamitundu yonse ya utawaleza kuyambira kutentha koyamba mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira.

Tiyeni tiwone chomwe chiri - petunia hybrids? Kodi ndi ziti komanso ndi matenda ati omwe amawakhudza?

Kulongosola kwa botanical ndi mbiri yakomwe idachokera

Dziko lakwawo la Petunia limawerengedwa kuti ndi madera otentha aku South America ndi Brazil. Idapezeka koyamba zaka zopitilira ziwiri zapitazo. Poyamba, amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wa Tabakov, chifukwa dzinalo limamasuliridwa kuti "fodya". Petunia kapena Petunia ndi amtundu wazomera zitsamba, zitsamba. Zimachitika kwanthawi yayitali komanso pachaka.

Mpaka pano pali mitundu yoposa 40 ya chomerachi chokongola... Mwachilengedwe, maluwa owomba komanso ngati tchire amapezeka, zimayambira zomwe zimayenda kapena zowongoka. Ili ndi mazira ochulukirapo, omwe pakapita nthawi amapanga maluwa, osalala kapena awiri, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe ake

Masiku ano gulu lili ndi mitundu yambiri ya petunia.

Chikhalidwe cha mitundu yatsopano ya haibridi ndikosiyana kwa mawonekedwe a chomeracho, kutalika kwake ndi mawonekedwe a maluwawo, komanso mtundu wake.

Petunia amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: mitundu yambiri yamaluwa komanso yayikulu. Mtundu woyamba uli ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono amtundu wokwanira, koma wachiwiri uli ndi mawonekedwe osowa kwambiri, koma maluwa akulu (werengani zambiri za petunia yaying'ono pano). Maluwa ambiri amabzala m'mabedi amaluwa, nyumba zazing'ono za chilimwe, ndipo zazikulu zazikulu zimabzalidwa m'miphika yamaluwa ndi miphika yokongoletsera, chifukwa mtundu uwu wa petunia umakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu nyengo yapadera. Mvula ikagwa, amabisa chipinda. Werengani za zokongoletsa maluwa okongola m'munda kapena pabwalo m'nkhaniyi.

'Nthawi yoyamba'

Chomera chosatha, chimakula pang'ono. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi omwe amalima maluwa pachaka. Ili ndi maluwa owala mumithunzi yosiyanasiyana yoyera mpaka yofiira. Maluwawo amakhala ndi mizere yakuda. Imafika kutalika kwa masentimita 90.

'Wopanga'

Amamasula kuyambira chilimwe mpaka nthawi yophukira. Mtundu wosangalatsa wokhala ndi mkombero woyera ndi wofiyira... Maluwa omwewo ndi ofanana ndi ndodo. Chomera chosatha, chimakhala ndi chitsamba mpaka masentimita 30, ndi masamba owulungika. Kukula ngati chomera cha pachaka.

'Aladdin'

Osatha, ali ndi mawonekedwe a busy, akuwombera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pachaka. Zitha kukhala zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuyambira ku salimoni mpaka maluwa a burgundy. Masambawo ndi ovunda mozungulira.

'Mirage Velvet'

Curly, bushy osatha. Kukula ngati pachaka. Masambawo ndi obiriwira mdima wokhala ndi mawonekedwe chowulungika. Nthawi yamaluwa imayamba kuyambira chilimwe mpaka nthawi yophukira. Mitundu yamitundu yoyang'ana pama reds... Maluwawo ali ndi mawonekedwe ofananirako ndi chiwalo chachikulu.

‘Kalapeti’

Kukula msanga kosatha, kopindika. Mtundu wa utoto umasiyana.

'Wobwezeretsa'

Duwa lokhala ndi chiwalo chachikulu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Masamba ndi ovunda. Zosatha.

Terry

Chikhalidwe chake ndichakuti duwa liri ndi masamba oposa 5... Zimakhala zokongola kwambiri m'mbali mwa masambawo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe otseguka komanso velvety. Mitunduyi imaphatikizaponso mitundu iwiri yosunthika, yamtchire, ampelous. Mtundu wa terry petunia ukhoza kukhala wolimba, monga zosafunika mwa mawonekedwe a mitsempha ndi inclusions.

Chosowa chachikulu cha kusakanikirana kwa petunia ndikosakhazikika kwanyengo. Zosakaniza zamaluwa zotsatirazi zomwe zili mgululi ndizodziwika bwino ndi wamaluwa:

Kukongola koyamba.
Tart Bonanza.
Buluu Danube.
Sonata.
Ziwombankhanga Zwerg (Allgefiillter Zwerg).
Zosangalatsa.
Valentine.
Kugwa kawiri.
Awiriwa.
Zamgululi
Wojambula.
Nkhani yachikondi.

Mutha kupeza tsatanetsatane wa terry petunia ndizodziwika bwino posamalira kukongola uku.

Kugwa

Kusuntha petunias ndikofanana kwambiri ndi gulu la ampel. Akulira, amawombera mosavuta. Mbali yapadera ndiyakuti mbewu zazing'ono zimaphukira m'mwamba... Koma popita nthawi, zimayambira zimayamba kupachika ndikukula. Maluwawo ali ndi mawonekedwe a fanulo lalikulu. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yamasamba omwe akutuluka ndi awa:

"Mphepo yamkuntho F1".
La Gioconda F1.
"Burgundy F1".
"Ramblin".

Tidakambirana mwatsatanetsatane za kasino petunia pano, ndi momwe zimasiyanirana ndi ampelous omwe muphunzira pankhaniyi.

Zosavuta

Gulu lalikulu kwambiri, lomwe limaphatikizapo petunias okhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta, wamba a inflorescence. Zimaphatikizapo zitsamba, zazitali komanso zosakula kwambiri. Maluwawo ali ndi mawonekedwe achikale, omwe ali ndi masamba asanu, mkomberowo ukhoza kukhala wowongoka kapena wavy. Phale lautoto ndi losiyanasiyana, limatha kukhala lokhalokha osati lokhalo... Mutha kuphunzira zambiri zamitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya petunias munkhaniyi.

Chodziwika bwino cha petunia ndikuti sichinthu chosangalatsa kwenikweni kusamalira komanso ochezeka maluwa ndi mbewu zoyandikira. Ikhoza kubzalidwa mosamala m'mabedi amaluwa ndikupanga zosakaniza zamaluwa ndi nyimbo zake. Kubzala kumatha kuchitika ndi mbande ndi njere.

Amakonda kuyatsa bwino kwambiri, choncho musanadzalemo muyenera kuganizira malo omwe kuwala kwa dzuwa kumalowera bwino. Ngati mwabzala petunia ngati mbande, ndiye kuti muyenera kusamala mukamathirira. Momwemo, uku ndikuthirira kapena kuthirira kwathunthu pazu.

Koma samalani, sakonda chinyezi chowonjezera, m'malo mwake, chimagonjetsedwa ndi chilala. Ngati kuthirira mwadongosolo, masamba ake amayamba kuuma ndikugwa, Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yothirira ndi madzulo... Masana, chomeracho chimatha kutentha ndi dzuwa.

Zofunika panthaka

Petunia amabzalidwa pamabedi amaluwa, panja lotseguka, m'miphika yamaluwa, ndi zina zambiri. Sizowoneka ngati nthaka, koma malo abwino okhala ndi dothi lokhala ndi nayitrogeni wambiri. Mavalidwe apamwamba ochokera ku humus sachotsedwa, chifukwa amatha matenda a fungal.

Podzala m'miphika yamaluwa ndi madengu otseguka, konzani dothi lotsatirali: phatikizani magawo awiri a nthaka yowuma, humus, peat ndi kuwonjezera gawo limodzi la mchenga. Mizu yopanga bwino imalekerera nthawi yosinthayi. Kufikira kuyenera kuchitidwa nyengo yozizira ikatha.

Kuunikira ndi malo

Malo abwino okhala petunias ndi dzuwa, malo abata... Amakonda kutentha kwambiri, amasiya kufalikira ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yoyipa. Malo okhalapo akhoza kukhala osiyanasiyana kwambiri! Anthu okhala m'nyengo yotentha amabzalidwa pansi komanso m'mabedi amaluwa, komanso amakula mumiphika yamaluwa komanso mumiphika yopachika. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kuzipeza zikukula pakhonde, zikulendewera pakhonde lazinyumba. Mutha kupeza zosankha zosangalatsa pamaluwa okongola pano.

Chisamaliro

Momwe mungasamalire petunia mwachindunji zimadalira komwe amakulira. Ngati yabzalidwa mumphika, ndiye kuti kukula kwake kuyenera kuganiziridwa, chifukwa dongosolo la akavalo limakula msanga. Muyeneranso kukhala tcheru ndi momwe dothi limakhalira ndikusamala kuti isatenge matenda amitundu yonse. Zachidziwikire, mphika wamaluwa uyenera kukhala ndi ngalande - izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakakhala maluwa.

Malowa ayenera kukhala mbali yakumwera, kumpoto sikungakusangalatseni ndi maluwa ambiri. Nyengo yoyipa ndi mvula, ndibwino kuti muchotse m'malo otseguka.

Chenjezo! Kwa maluwa ambiri, kudyetsa nthawi zonse ndikofunikira, makamaka kamodzi pamlungu. Atakula, petunia amafunikira potaziyamu ndi phosphorous.

Ngati petunia imakula panja, musanadzalemo, m'pofunika kukonza nthaka molingana ndi zomwe zili pamwambapa, mukathirira. Iyenso, mosiyana ndi omwe amakula m'miphika yamaluwa, amafunika kudyetsa kawirikawiri, ndi zofunikira potaziyamu. Sakonda udzu woyandikana nawo.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Matenda

Kuvunda imvi

Matendawa amatha kudziwika ndi mawonekedwe ake. Awa ndi mawanga abulauni omwe amaphimba masamba. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono zimauma ndikuphimbidwa ndi fluff. Matendawa amapezeka kudzera m'nthaka momwe bowa limayendayenda.

Powdery mildew

Matendawa amapezeka kuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba, zomwe zimakhudza mbewu yonseyo pakapita nthawi.Chikhalidwe chake ndi duwa loyera lomwe limaphimba masamba a duwa.

Blackleg

Mdima ndi kuwola kwa tsinde pafupi ndi mizu. Masamba amasanduka achikasu, dera lomwe lakhudzidwa limavunda.

Kupatsira tizilombo

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a petunia, monga zomera zina zokongoletsera, zimawoneka ngati nsabwe za m'masamba, nthata za kangaude, ndi thrips.

Aphid

Mdani wofala kwambiri wazomera zonse. Amakuta maluwawo komanso masamba ake ndi madontho a mame otsekemera. Pakapita nthawi, bowa umakhala m'malo omwe akhudzidwa. Madera omwe ali ndi kachilombo amapotozedwa kukhala chubu.

Kangaude

Gulu la tizilombo - nthata zimawoneka mkati mwa masamba. Amapanga ukonde womata pamunsi pa tsinde ndi tsamba. Mawanga oyera amawonekera kunja kwa chomeracho. Posakhalitsa masamba amayamba kuuma ndikugwa.

Thrips

Maonekedwe ake, amafanana ndi nsikidzi zazing'ono zakuda, ndi mphuno yayitali. Amangogwira ntchito m'magulu komanso masamba okha. Mutawachezera, masambawo amakhala ndi mikwingwirima youma, yopepuka. Masamba ndi maluwa zimayamba kugwa.

Kubereka

Pali njira zitatu zoberekera kukongola uku:

mbewu;
mbande;
mwa kudula.

Mbewu zimabzalidwa panja popanda kuwaza ndi nthaka. Mbande zokonzeka zimadumphira m'nthaka. Zodula za chaka chatha zomwe zidagona, zobzalidwa m'nthaka, zimaphukanso.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo

Zofunika! Pofuna kupewa mavuto ndikusangalala ndi kukongola kwa petunia, ndikofunikira kutsina. Njirayi ikuthandizira kupanga chitsamba chanu molondola komanso mokongola.

Kukanirira pakati ndi thumba lapakati pakukula, kukulitsa mphukira zowuluka.

Petunia amadziwika kuti ndi wokongola kwa minda komanso mabedi a maluwa. Akuyamba kutchuka kwambiri, ndipo izi ndizomveka, chifukwa zimawala kukongola ndipo zimatipatsa chisangalalo chabwino.

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