Kodi makabati a makina ochapira ndi ati, malamulo amasankhidwa

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Zipangizo zamagetsi zopitilira muyeso, mipando yaying'ono, malo ang'onoang'ono ndi vuto losatha lomwe eni nyumba amakumana nawo. Pachikhalidwe, kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo okhala kumakhala kakhitchini kakang'ono, bafa kapena chimbudzi. Chifukwa chake, pali zosankha zochepa zotsalira makina osambitsa. Kupanga zida zapanyumba moyenera, mokongola komanso mosavutikira, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kabati yopangira makina ochapira kapena oyimira. Chogulitsidwacho chimapangidwa molingana ndi kukula kwake, komwe kumachotsa zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizocho ndi zovuta pakukhazikitsa.

Kusankhidwa

Kusunga malo ndichofunikira posankha mipando yazipangizo zazikulu zomwe zimapangidwira. Ntchito yoyenerera, kapangidwe koyambirira ka mtundu wa kabati imakupatsani mwayi wopanga mwayi waulere, komanso kukonza zinthu m'njira yaying'ono, ya ergonomic. Nthawi zambiri, makina ochapira amaikidwa kukhitchini kapena kuchimbudzi, omangidwa mumipando kapena ma module apadera. Khothi lotere limathandizira kuthana ndi izi:

kupulumutsa malo. Vuto lofunikira lomwe pafupifupi onse okhala ndi nyumba ndikukhazikika kwanyumba yayikulu. Kuyika makina ochapira mkati mwa kabati kumamasula malo;
zokongoletsa malo ogwira ntchito. Mosasamala chipinda chomwe kabati adzaikidwe (khitchini, bafa), chipinda "chimapambana" mu zokongoletsa. Zipangizo zapakhomo sizingakope alendo ngati zibisika kuseri kwa zitseko zokongola za mipando;
kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera danga laulere. Pali mitundu ya mipando yazida zapanyumba yokhala ndi zigawo zowonjezera, mashelufu, zotungira. Kudzaza mkati kumadalira kukula kwa malo oyikirako. Mkati mwake mutha kukhazikitsa madengu, maukonde, mashelufu osungira zokometsera;
kamangidwe kabwino ka chipinda - mipando yazipinda zokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri imatha kupangidwa ndi zinthu zosagwira chinyezi, kukongoletsa zitseko ndi zokongoletsera, pangani mankhwalawo m'njira yoyenerera kuti mipando yonse mchipinda iwoneke ngati gulu limodzi;
kusungitsa bata komanso kutsuka kwa chipinda. Makonzedwe oyenera azida zamkati mwa kabati amatenga njira yoyeretsera yonyowa kubafa kapena kukhitchini. Amayi apanyumba amatha kuyika zinthu zosiyanasiyana zaukhondo komanso mankhwala amnyumba m'mashelefu.

Zowonjezera zowonjezera kukhazikitsa makina ochapira mkatikati mwa kabati ndikumangirira bwino kwa zida zogwirira ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, makina ochapira amayenda mokweza pazosankha. Makoma a kabati amapanga chotchinga china ku phokoso ndi kunjenjemera, kuchita ntchito yotenga phokoso komanso yoteteza mawu. Gawo lapamwamba la kabati yaying'ono yomangidwa pansi pa mozama itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati shelufu yosungitsira zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zinthu zazing'ono, ndi ukhondo.

Mitundu

Njira yabwino yothetsera zipinda zing'onozing'ono ndi kabati ya makina ochapira. Ngati mungakonze bwino ntchito, mutha kupeza malo oyikiramo mashelufu amkati, makabati, dongosolo loyimitsira. Kapangidwe ka mipando imadalira kupezeka kwa malo aulere, kukula kwa makina ochapira. M'mikhalidwe yazinyumba zamakono, zida zimayikidwa kukhitchini, bafa, pakhonde. Izi zimatsimikizira mawonekedwe amtundu wa kabati, kusankha kwa zida ndi kapangidwe kokometsera, kukhoma kwa zitseko, ngati zingaperekedwe pazithunzi.

Ndi zinthu zopangidwa

Kukhazikitsa makina ochapira, muyenera kukumbukira chinyezi mchipinda posankha zida zopangira mipando. Kukhazikitsa zida zapanjira kumakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito yankho lililonse, koma bafa limafunikira zida zosagwira chinyezi zomwe zimakhala ndi moyo wautali. Mfundo ina yofunika ndi kukula ndi kulemera kwa makinawo. Kuyika mitundu yolemetsa, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zida zolimba, zopangira zapamwamba, ndi nyumba zokhazikika. Mitundu ya makabati ochapira makina opangira:

Mabungwe a MDF ndi yankho lokhazikika kukhitchini, panjira, koma kubafa ziwalo zamalumikizidwe zimalumikizidwa ndipo zimatumikira kwakanthawi kochepa. Bungwe la MDF limatha kupatsidwa mawonekedwe aliwonse, sankhani mtundu wowoneka bwino, gwiritsani ntchito zokongoletsa modabwitsa;
matabwa achilengedwe amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala enaake othamangitsa chinyezi. Makabati amitengo amakwanira bwino mkati, amadziwika ndi mthunzi wabwino, kuyeretsa kwachilengedwe kwa zinthu zachilengedwe. Mipando yamatabwa yachilengedwe imakhala yolimba komanso yolimba, koma siyilekerera chinyezi;
galasi lophatikizidwa ndi chitsulo ndi yankho losangalatsa pakukhazikitsa mayunitsi omangidwa. Makina ochapira kuseri kwa zitseko zamagalasi amawoneka achilendo, aukhondo komanso okwera mtengo. Njira zamakono zopangira magalasi zimapatsa mphamvu zowonjezera, kuumitsa, kapangidwe, matte, satin athari;
kabati ya pulasitiki ndi njira yokonzekera. Zoterezi sizachilendo m'nyumba ndi zipinda chifukwa chotsika mtengo kwa zinthu. Pulasitiki sichiwonongeka chifukwa chinyezi, nkhungu ndi cinoni sizimawoneka. Mutha kusankha kabati yamakina ochapira amtundu uliwonse. Chosavuta chachikulu cha mipando ya pulasitiki ndi chosalimba;
mipando yamagetsi ndi njira yachilendo, koma yotsimikizika yoyika makina ochapira kukhitchini kapena panjira. Mipando bolodi ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zopangidwa ndi thundu, beech, phulusa, birch matabwa. Mtengowo umasungunuka ndi matabwa ang'onoang'ono, omwe amamatira pamodzi mosamala. Chishango ndi cholimba, cholimba, chokongola.

Zipangizo zopangira kabati yazida zomangidwa mkati ziyenera kukwaniritsa magwiridwe antchito a mipando. Zipangizo zosagwira chinyezi ndizoyenera kuzipinda zonyowa; mipando yopangidwa ndi zinthu zilizonse zitha kukhazikitsidwa muzipinda zomwe zimakhala ndi chinyezi chokhazikika komanso kutentha kokhazikika. Zogwira ntchito, zida, tsamba loyikira ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Wood

MDF

Galasi

Chipboard

Ndi malo

M'nyumba, nyumba, kapena dacha mulibe malo ambiri momwe mungakhalire kabati ya makina ochapira. Zachidziwikire, pakufuna kwa mwini nyumbayo, zida zija zitha kuikidwa ngakhale pabalaza, koma yankho lotere ndilopanda tanthauzo, losasangalatsa komanso losathandiza. Pakukhazikitsa zida zazithunzi, muyenera kusankha mipando yoyenera, ikani mankhwala pamalo abwino kwambiri. Pali njira zinayi zovomerezeka zokhazikitsira makina ochapira mu kabati - bafa, khitchini, khwalala, chimbudzi (chosowa kwambiri). Kuphatikiza apo, mipando imatha kukhazikitsidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana m'malo amfulu:

mtundu wokulirapo - kabati siyimakhudza pansi ndi miyendo yake, ili ndi tebulo pamwamba pake, pomwe amayikapo makina ochapira. Ma Draw kapena mashelufu amaperekedwa mbali imodzi ya mipando. Palibe zitseko, mtunduwo ndi woyenera kukhazikitsa makina otsegulira kutsogolo. Zimakhala zovuta kutcha mipando ndi zovala zonse, koma yankho limayendetsedwa m'malo osambira ochepa, kuphatikiza zida, sinki, ndi mashelufu. Njira ina ndikukweza makina ochapira ochulukirapo paching'ono;
kabati yoyambira ndi njira yodziwika bwino yophatikizira zida zapanyumba. Kujambula kwaulere kumakupatsani mwayi wobisa kulumikizana, makina ochapira, ndipo pamwamba pake kuyika mashelufu olumikizidwa, zolumikizira, ndi zinthu zina zamipando. Oyenera kumaliza mabafa, khitchini, makonde. Ngati kuthekera kwachipindako kulola kukhazikitsidwa kwa zitseko, chipindacho sichikhala chafumbi komanso chonyansa. Kabati yaying'ono nthawi zina imatchedwa kabati ya makina ochapira chifukwa chakuchulukana kwa malonda;
nduna yayikulu (pensulo) yamtundu wokhazikika kapena wosasunthika. Chitsanzocho chili m'malo ochepera a bafa, khitchini, kawirikawiri khwalala. Gawo lakumunsi la mipando limathandizira kukhazikitsa makina ochapira, pomwe choumitsira chimaikapo. Pa mezzanine gawo pali mashelufu osungira mankhwala apanyumba, nsalu zosamba, zodzoladzola ndi zinthu zina zofunika. Mutu wapamwamba ukhoza kukhala ndi zitseko zotsekemera;
gawo kapena kagawo kakang'ono kakhitchini. Zosankha pakuyika mipando yokhazikika, kulowetsa kwathunthu kapena pang'ono kumaloledwa. Makina akaphatikizidwa kwathunthu, makinawo amatha kubisala kuseli kwa zitseko zakutsogolo, ndikupatsa chipinda kuwoneka bwino, momwe chipinda chachikulu chimakhalira. Pali zida zambiri zamagetsi - kutha kwa khitchini, kauntala, ngati makina ali odzaza kwambiri, gawo lokhala ndi zitseko zotsekedwa. Ngati zingaphatikizidwe pang'ono, zida zake zimayikidwa pansi pa malo ochezera.

Panjira yocheperako, mutha kukweza zovala zokhala m'chipindacho, ikani makina ochapira kumunsi, ndikugwiritsa ntchito gawo lakumtunda pokweza galasi ndi nyali, mashelufu, mezzanines pazinthu. Malingana ndi malowa, makabati ochapira makina osanjikiza amagawika pansi, okhala pamakoma, zipilala (mapensulo), makabati, komanso malinga ndi njira yoyikitsira - mitundu yoyimirira yaulere, mipando yokwanira kwathunthu kapena pang'ono.

Mzere

Pansi

Yodziyimira payokha

Mwa kapangidwe

Kupanga kwa makabati azida zopangidwira kumatsimikizika ndi kukula kwa mipando ndi malo oyikiramo. Nthawi yomweyo, zokongoletsa zachitsanzo ziyenera kufanana ndi kapangidwe kake ndi chipinda. Mipando yokonzekera makina ochapira imatha kupezeka mosavuta muzipinda zazikulu. Malingaliro osiyanasiyana amatha kupangika pazinthu zazikuluzikulu. Mayankho odziwika kwambiri a kabati:

kapangidwe ka ngodya - mbali ziwiri za kabati zimalumikizana ndi makoma oyandikana ndi chipinda, enanso awiri amakhala ngati mbali yakutsogolo. Gulu limodzi lakumaso limatha kukhala ndi zitseko, ndipo linalo limatha kusiidwa lotseguka kuti likwaniritse makina ochapira ndi mashelufu;
zovala zomangidwa molunjika kuchokera pansi mpaka kudenga ndi magawo awiri kapena atatu. Niche yotseguka imasiyidwa kumunsi chakumanzere kapena kumanja kwakukhazikitsa makina ochapira. Mtunduwo udzakwanira bwino pakhonde;
kabati yopapatiza yopangira bafa yokhala ndi chinyumba chachikulu. Gawo lakumunsi la mipando limakhala ndi makina ochapira, otsekedwa ndi zitseko; kumtunda wapamwamba, pali kabati yamagalasi yokhala ndi mashelufu osaya zinthu zazing'ono;
chojambula pensulo chowongolera choyika zida ndi ng'oma yakutsogolo. Zipindazo ndi za zinthu zoyimilira zaulere zamtundu wokhazikika. Malinga ndi kupezeka kwa danga laulere, malonda amamalizidwa ndi chimodzi kapena ziwiri;
mtundu wopingasa pansi nthawi zambiri amaikidwa m'litali mwa khoma laulere, kuphatikiza ndi lakuya, mashelufu ogwira ntchito. Makina amatha kutsekedwa ndi zitseko kapena kupezeka pamalo otseguka.

Posankha kapangidwe ka kabati, kukhalapo kwa zitseko kuyenera kuganiziridwa. Ngati mipando ili ndi zitseko zotsekera, payenera kukhala malo okwanira kuti zitseko zizitseguka momasuka.

Pazithunzi zazing'ono, mutha kuyika zovala zokhala ndi mphindikati kapena kupachika gawo loyenda njanji yakumtunda ngati kanyumba kosanja. Zipinda zopapatiza zimafunikira njira yosakhazikika pakukhazikitsa zida - ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kabati yokhala ndi beseni yomangidwa patebulo.

Ofukula

Cham'mbali

Molunjika

Okhota

Kukula

Kabineti yomanga zida zamagetsi imapangidwa molingana ndi kukula kwa makina ochapira. Kukula kwa mtundu wachitsanzo ndiye poyambira posankha kapangidwe, mawonekedwe, kukula kwa mipando. Makina onse otsogola amagawidwa m'mayunitsi ofukula (otsitsa pamwamba) ndi oyimilira (kutsogolo kwa ng'oma). Izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa mukamapanga mipando. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yazida zimamangidwa, zokhala ndi zokutira zochotseka komanso zoyimirira. Makina aliwonse ochapira amatha kuikidwa mkatikati mwa kabati, ngati kukula kwa zida ziwerengedwa molondola komanso kulumikizana kulumikizidwa. Makhalidwe a kuwerengera kukula kwa mipando ndi kukula kwa unit:

Kukula kwathunthu kwazithunzi - kutalika kwake ndi 890-900 mm, pali zosankha ndi kutalika kwa 850 mm. Kuzama kwa makinawo ndi 600 mm monga muyezo, pali mitundu yocheperako yokhala ndi zingwe zazing'ono - 350-400 mm, yopapatiza - 320-350 mm. Nthawi yomweyo, pafupifupi mitundu yonse yakutsogolo ndi 600 mm mulifupi, kupatula zitsanzo zoyeserera (680-700x430-450x470-500 mm);
Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri imakhala ndi kutalika kwa 850-900 mm, kukula kwake kokwanira - 600 mm ndi m'lifupi - 400 mm. Mukakhazikitsa mitundu yowongoka, palibe malo owonjezera omwe amafunikira kutsogolo kwa kabati, ndiye kuti pakhomo la zitseko. Nthawi zambiri, phokoso lokometsetsa limasokoneza kaphatikizidwe kazida zakutsogolo - palibe zovuta zotere ndi zowongolera;
kukula kwa kabati kuyenera kufanana ndi kukula kwa zida ndi kusiyana kwina pakati pa makoma a mipando ndi thupi la makina 20-30 mm, kuti chipangizocho chisasweke mipando panthawi yazogwedezeka panthawi yazunguliro. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kukwera kabati yokhala ndi plinth - zida zijenjemera, pang'onopang'ono kupita kumbali, kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo kwa mipando;
Kukhazikitsa makabati opingasa kumaphatikizapo kukhazikitsidwa kwa mipando pansi pamasamba osambira. Kenako makina ophatikizika (700x450x500 mm) ndioyenera kukhazikitsa. Ngati chipangizocho chimaikidwa pansi pakhitchini, kutalika kwake kuyenera kukhala osachepera 1000 mm - malo ogwirira ntchito sagona pathupi lamakina, koma amangiriridwa kukhoma lakumbuyo. Kwa mayunitsi ofukula, muyenera kusiya malo oti mutsegulire;
Kukhazikitsa makabati ofukula kumakupatsani mwayi wokwera gawo kuchokera pansi mpaka kudenga, koma m'lifupi mwake muzikhala zosachepera 650 mm, kuya kwake kumasiyana 350 mm (ukadaulo wopapatiza) mpaka 650 mm (mitundu yakutsogolo yakutsogolo). Kwa ma unit ofukula, kutalika kwa 850-900 mm ndi kabati yakuya 600 mm kuphatikiza chilolezo cha 20-30 mm mbali iliyonse kumafunika.

Opanga zida zomangidwa mkati akuwonetsa kukula kwake pakupanga malangizo. Ngati mukufuna kukhazikitsa malo osasunthika, mipando imapangidwa molingana ndi kukula kwa makina, poganizira malo omwe phokoso limalumikizirana, ngati chitsanzocho chimayikidwa kumbuyo kwa zotsekedwa. Pofuna kulipirira ngodya zam'chipindacho ndi mipando, ndi bwino kukhazikitsa dongosolo lokhala ndi zitseko zopindika, sankhani makina ochapira okhala ndi cholumikizira cham'mbali ndikuyiyika mu kabati ya kabati.

Kusankha malo oyikira

Malamulo oyika zida zogwiritsira ntchito amafunikira kulumikizana koyenera kwa kulumikizana. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukweza makina ochapira kukhitchini kapena kubafa - pafupi ndi chitoliro chonyamula madzi, ngalande zonyowetsera. Ngati kukhazikitsa kukuchitika mukakhonde, muyenera kupanga kachingwe koyamba, kenako ndikukhazikitsa kabati. Ndikothekanso kukonza chovala chotsuka chokha mnyumba / zipinda zazikulu zazikulu. Malamulo oyambira posankha tsamba loyikira:

Njira yabwino ndi bafa. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito lingaliroli m'njira zingapo: chotsani bafa, ikani malo osambira ndi pensulo yoyimilira pansi pa makina ochapira m'malo mwake (zopangira nduna ziyenera kukhala zosagwira chinyezi), ikani kontrakitala ndi ma module owonjezera, mashelufu, ikani zida zophatikizika pansi pa beseni - zonyamula zimayikidwa patebulo kapena kuyikika kuchokera pamwamba;
Lingaliro labwino ndi kukhazikitsa makina ochapira kukhitchini. M'chipinda chachikulu, kabatiyo imakonzedwa padera. M'chipinda chaching'ono, malo ogwirira ntchito amapangidwa ndi chowumitsira ndi makina mbali imodzi ya mzere, chotsukira chotsukira mbale, uvuni wa mayikirowevu, zida zina zakhitchini mbali inayi, gawo lapakati ndi lakuya, zopangira makapu. Njira ina ndikukweza makina akutsogolo kumapeto kwa mutu;
yankho lothandiza - kukhazikitsa kabati ndi makina ochapira panjira (pakhonde). Ngati chipinda chili chopapatiza, mipando yomangidwa imatha kutalika kwa khoma "lalifupi" - logwira ntchito komanso losavuta. Khonde lalikulu limakhala ndi ngodya yayikulu yolunjika kapena yopapatiza kuti kutseguka kwa kabati kusasokoneze kulowa / kutuluka mchipinda. M'khwalala, chipindacho chimatsekedwa ndi zolumikizira, apo ayi galimoto ikuwoneka yosayenera, yosasangalatsa;
zochitika popanda njira ina - kukhazikitsa mipando mchimbudzi. Galimoto yoyimirira payokha kubafa ndikosavuta kuiyerekeza, koma zovala ndizovuta. Pali mayankho ochepa - kabati yazida zophatikizika pakona, mutha kukhazikitsa kabati pamwambapa pamakina ochapira ndikubisa zida zosiyanasiyana, ziwiya zimbudzi, zotsekemera, ndi mankhwala apanyumba m'mashelefu.

Ngakhale makina ochapira amakhala ovuta kulowa muzipinda zazing'ono, zida zamagetsi zimakwanira bwino mipando yokhala ndi njira yokhazikitsira. Izi zimakuthandizani kumasula malo, kuyika bwino mochapa, ndikugwiritsa ntchito malowa ndi phindu lalikulu. Ndikofunika kuti zovala zitha kupangidwa pazida zilizonse, kupatsa mankhwalawo mawonekedwe osangalatsa, ndikukwanira zokongoletsa mchipindacho.

Niches kwa nsalu

Mayi aliyense wapabanja amasangalala ndi nkhani yoti agwiritse ntchito zida zapakhomo. Koma sitiyenera kuiwala za tsatanetsatane - kwinakwake muyenera kuyika nsalu zonyansa, kuyika zotsekemera, malo osambira ndi zimbudzi. Ndichizolowezi kusiya zinthu izi mchimbudzi, chifukwa chake chipinda chino chimakhala ndi zovala zansalu. Pofuna kuyika makina ochapira komanso zinthu zofunikira podzaza nduna, mutha kupanga izi motere:

Ikani kanyumba koyang'ana, cholembera pensulo, m'munsi mwake momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zida, ndikugwiritsa ntchito gawo lapamwamba pansi pa dengu lomangidwa;
khalani ndi kabati yopingasa ndi mwala wopindika, m'matenthedwe amenewa mumayikidwa pa countertop, mipando imodzi (kumanzere kapena kumanja) imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chopangira nsalu;
Mtundu wa nduna wopachikika momwe zida zake zimayikidwa pansi zimatha kukhala ndi thumba lalikulu la basiketi. Tikulimbikitsabe kuti titseke ndi zitseko.

Zachidziwikire, mutha kukonzekeretsa madengu okhitchini kukhitchini kapena pakhonde, koma poyamba, zinthu zidzakhuta ndi fungo la chakudya, ndipo chachiwiri, simukuyenera kuphatikiza zovala zakunja zoyera m'chipinda chapafupi ndi zipilala zosungira nsalu zonyansa ndi nsalu zapanyumba. Kuphatikiza apo, madengu kunja kwa bafa amawoneka osadetsedwa.

Kuyika zida mu kabati ndi njira yabwino yothetsera zipinda zazing'ono ndi zipinda zazikulu. Makina ochapira samapanga phokoso lalikulu ngati likugwira ntchito ngati mayunitsi ali kumbuyo kwa zitseko. Mutha kukonzekeretsa mipando kuti iphatikizire kubafa, khitchini, pakhonde kapena chimbudzi. Kupanga zinthu malinga ndi kukula kwake kumakupatsani mwayi woyika mayunitsi molondola komanso molunjika.