"Mtengo wa botolo" - jatropha: chithunzi, malongosoledwe amitundu, malingaliro othandizira kusamalira nyumba

Jatropha yokongola komanso yosapatsa chidwi ndi chomera chodabwitsa kwambiri. Imakongoletsa nyumba zokhalamo anthu ndipo imapatsa maambulera a maluwa ang'onoang'ono a kukongola kosayerekezeka. Dzina lina la chomeracho, botolo kapena mtengo wamakorali, limaperekedwa chifukwa cha tsinde lolimba, lofanana ndi botolo.

Kuchokera m'nkhaniyi, mutha kudziwa zamitundu yodziwika bwino yazomera, onani zithunzi zawo, phunzirani za kuberekana, maluwa, zoopsa zomwe izi zimadziwika (matenda ndi tizirombo).

Ndi chiyani icho?

Jatropha ndi ya banja la euphorbia... Dzinalo limachokera ku "Jartys" ndi "tropha", zomwe zimatanthauza chakudya chamankhwala. Thunthu la chomeracho ndi lofanana ndi botolo; likawonongeka, limatulutsa timadzi tokoma ta mkaka. Kutengera mitundu, jatropha ndi shrub, mtengo kapena therere losatha. Habitat otentha Africa ndi America.

M'nyengo yozizira, masamba onse amagwa pa tsinde, kukonzanso masika ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mu ambulera. Masamba otambalala otalikirana pamadulidwe ataliatali amapezeka pambuyo pa utoto, amafika mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 20. Chomeracho chimapangidwa m'minda yamaluwa kapena malo obiriwira, ndipo mtundu uwu ndiokwera mtengo pamphika wamaluwa, chifukwa chake samakhala m'nyumba zambiri.

Mitundu yotchuka, malongosoledwe awo ndi zithunzi

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya jatropha imagwirizanitsa mitundu yoposa 170, ndipo iwiri yokha ndi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa m'nyumba. Msuzi wamkaka umatulutsidwa kokha pa tsinde, ngakhale mbali zonse za chomeracho ndi chakupha. Monga bonsai, zomerazi zimadzitengera chidwi m'chipinda chilichonse.

Spicata (jatropha spicata)

Chomeracho ndi chitsamba chosatha chowuma chomwe chimakhala ndi zimayambirazomwe zimapitilira kwa zaka zingapo. Nthambizo zimafika kutalika kwa mita 0,5-2, ndikukula kuchokera ponenepa, pafupifupi poyambira. Nthawi zina chomeracho chimakololedwa kuthengo kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mankhwala. Mwachilengedwe, amapezeka ku Africa: Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Angola, Zimbabwe, kumpoto kwa kontinentiyo. Chomeracho chimafalikira ndi mbewu.

Multifida

Amapezeka ngati mtengo wobiriwira nthawi zonse wokhala ndi korona wosalala, wofalikira kapena shrub, umatha kukula mpaka 6 mita kutalika komanso zokongoletsa - mpaka 2-3 m. Amabzalidwa kuti apeze mafuta ndikupanga zosakaniza kuchokera pamenepo.

Amachokera ku Dziko Lakale, komwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati tchinga. Inflorescence yofiira ikufunika kwambiri pakati pa osungitsa maluwa kuti akhale ndi matumba okongola. Mbali zonse za chomeracho ndi chakupha. Kumtchire, imafalikira ku Caribbean: Trinidad ku Cuba, South America - Mexico.

Chomeracho chimakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa kapena mthunzi pang'ono m'nthaka yodzaza bwino... Kulekerera pang'ono chilala. Jatropha multifrida imapanga maluwa chaka chonse, makamaka nyengo yotentha.

Curcas (jatropha curcas)

Mitundu ina yapadera imapezeka kawirikawiri - jatropha kurkas; alimi amatcha mtedza wa Barbados. Chomera chokhala ndi thunthu lamphamvu mpaka 4 mita kutalika kwake yokutidwa ndi masamba owulungika owoneka obiriwira obiriwira, kukula kwake kumatha kukhala 6 cm kapena 40 cm m'mimba mwake pa chomera chimodzi. Mosiyana ndi mitundu yam'mbuyomu, ma kurkas amamasula okhala ndi maambulera achikaso owala komanso maluwa amodzi amphongo.

Malangizo! Zitsanzo zakale ndizazikulu kwambiri, monga mtengo wotchuka wa rustic wochokera ku Chigodore ku Mozambique wokhala ndi mamitala oposa 6.

Mtengo wazinthu zingapo womwe umagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, Amalimidwa kumadera otentha monga chakudya, mbewu ya mankhwala, tchinga, biofuel, ndi mafuta a mbewu. Utsi wochokera ndi tizilombo. Masamba amakhetsedwa nthawi yamvula. Mbali zonse za chomeracho ndizoopsa kwambiri.

Gouty

Woimira wotchuka ndi gouty jatropha, kapena gout.... Chimawoneka ngati tsinde lopangidwa ndi botolo la sentimita 70, lomwe lamangidwa pamwamba mozungulira ndi masentimita 20, omwe amalumikizidwa ndi timapepala ta masamba pafupifupi pakatikati. Mawonekedwe a masambawo ndi ozungulira ndipo amafika 20 cm m'mimba mwake, ofanana ndi ndondomeko ya masamba amkuyu.

Mtundu wa amadyera umasintha ndi msinkhu: kuchokera kubiri lowala mdima wonyezimira mpaka matte ndi mthunzi wopepuka. Mdima wamdima woyamba umabwerera m'masamba pomwe kukula kwake kukufikira. Gawo lakumunsi la masamba ndi phesi kuchokera kumunsi kumaphimbidwa ndi pachimake chowoneka ngati imvi.

Tsango lamphamvu lamaluwa limakula kuchokera pakatikati pa masamba. Maluwawo amatembenukira pama coral ofiira pomwe ma peduncles amakula mpaka kutalika kwambiri. Monga lamulo, duwa lopanda fungo limawoneka ngati asterisk ndi m'mimba mwake masentimita 1. Oyimira amuna amamasula tsiku limodzi lokha, ndipo oimira akazi amaphuka masabata 2-4, nthawi ndi nthawi amasinthidwa ndi ena atsopano. Chifukwa cha kutulutsa zipatso, nyengo yamaluwa imatha kufikira miyezi 6.

Zosamalira

Chomeracho chimafuna chisamaliro chochepa kuchokera kwa wolima. M'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kusamalira nthawi yonseyi: sungani kutentha kosachepera 16 ° C. Achinyamata otsekemera amafunika kubzala nthawi iliyonse masika, pomwe akulu amatha kusungidwa mumphika umodzi kwa zaka zitatu. Kuika kumachitika nthawi yayitali isanakwane.

Kwa nthaka, peat nthaka ndi perlite kapena chisakanizo cha nthaka cha cacti ndi choyenera... Manyowa jatropha ndi feteleza omwewo omwe ali oyenera kuti cacti, makamaka panthawi yokula.

Kuthirira kumayenera kuchitika mchilimwe ndi masika, pang'ono nthawi yophukira, ndikusiya kuyimilira mpaka kumapeto kwa dzinja.

Zonse-m'mphepete

Mtengo wokoma kwambiri wokhala ndi nthambi zofalikira zomwe sizimasiya kuphuka ndi maluwa a coral, masentimita 1-1.5 m'mimba mwake. Chomeracho chimakhala cholekerera mthunzi komanso chimagonjetsedwa ndi chilala... Kunja, uwu ndi mtengo wawung'ono kapena chitsamba chofalikira chomwe chili ndi nthambi zowonda, zomwe mwachilengedwe sizipitilira 3 m.

Masambawo ndi akulu, obiriwira obiriwira, maluwawo ndi ochepa - 1-1.5 masentimita mwake, ofiira owoneka bwino a coral kapena pinki, koma amawonekera mosiyanasiyana chaka chonse. Zitha kubzalidwa m'nyumba - chomeracho chimakhala chochepa kwambiri kukula kwake.

Berlandieri

Chomeracho ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali wokhala ndi korona wobiriwira. Makamaka amakulidwira caudex. Imathira masamba ake mu nyengo yake ndipo amamasula ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono okongola. M'chilimwe, mitundumitundu yambiri yamaluwa ofiira yokhala ndi maluwa ofiira pamiyendo yayifupi imamera pamtambo wozungulira kapena tsinde. Zipatso zobiriwira zopangidwa ndi mtola zimamangirizidwa kuchokera kwa iwo. Oimira kutalika kwambiri amafika kutalika kwa 15 cm. Kutentha kuyenera kukhala osachepera 10 ° C.

Kusamalira maluwa kunyumba

Kuunikira ndi malo

Chomeracho chimakula bwino m'malo owala ndi owala, chimafuna shading. Kuwala kwa dzuwa kumatha kutentha masamba. Ndikofunika kuyika zibangili zokongoletsera mumiphika kumazenera akumadzulo ndi kum'mawa.... Ngati chokoma sichikhala ndi kuwala kokwanira kwa nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti chikuyenera kuphunzitsidwa kuyatsa pang'onopang'ono.

Kutentha

Njira yabwino kwambiri yotentha ya jatropha imadziwika kuti ndi ya 18 mpaka 22 ° С mchilimwe ndipo + 14-16 + С m'masiku ozizira. Kutentha, kusamalira mbewu kumathandizidwa kwambiri.

Chinyezi

Chomeracho chimagonjetsedwa ndi chinyezi chochepa mlengalenga. Palibe chifukwa chowonjezera kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Koma kuyeretsa konyowa kwa mapepala kuchokera ku fumbi la jatroph kudzakhala kothandiza.

Kuthirira

Thirirani chomeracho ndi madzi ofewa okhazikika pang'ono. Kuthirira kumachitika pamene gawo lalikulu la gawo lapansi limauma... Chomeracho chimatha kufa chifukwa cha kuvunda kwa mizu ndikuthirira kwambiri. Kumwa jatropha m'nyengo yozizira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa, kuimitsa palimodzi masamba atagwa masamba.

Nthaka

Nthaka yabwino kwambiri yazomera imawerengedwa kuti ndi ngalande yosakanikirana ndi turf, peat, mchenga, tsamba la humus ndi dothi lofanana ndi 1: 1: 1: 2.

Feteleza ndi kudyetsa

Feteleza ayenera kuthiridwa mwezi uliwonse m'nthawi yachilimwe ndi masika, m'nyengo yozizira iyenera kutayidwa. Manyowa a cactus amawerengedwa kuti ndi abwino kuthira feteleza. Mutha kuzigula m'masitolo ogulitsa maluwa.

Tumizani

Jatropha amaikidwa kamodzi zaka zingapo mchaka... Sankhani miphika yayikulu komanso yosaya. Onetsetsani kuti munapatsa chomeracho ngalande yabwino kuti madzi asayime.

Kubereka

Kubereketsa kwa jatropha kumachitika ndi mbewu kapena kukula kuchokera ku lignified cuttings.

Mbewu

Njerezi zimagulidwa m'sitolo yamaluwa kapena zimakula mosadalira ndi chomera chachikulire. Njira yachiwiri, mufunika burashi ndi njira zosavuta zosunthira mungu kuchokera ku chikasu chachimuna kupita kumaluwa achikazi. Kutulutsa mungu kumachitika m'masiku oyamba a maluwa achimuna. Mbewu zokhwima zimaponyedwa pamtunda wautali (mpaka 1 mita), motero ndikofunikira kumangiriza mabokosiwo ndi gauze.

Ntchito yobzala ili ndi izi:

1. Bokosi kapena mphika wa mbande amasankhidwa.
2. Nthaka ikukonzedwa: chisakanizo cha 1: 1: 1: 2 ya turf, peat, mchenga, humus wa masamba ndi nthaka.
3. Mbewu imafesedwa m'mabowo osaya, yokutidwa ndi botolo lagalasi.
4. Nthawi yakumera imatenga masabata 1-2.
5. Zipatsozo zikangotuluka, zimaponyedwa mumphika wosalala, wotsika.
6. Zomera zimakhwima miyezi ingapo.
7. Pakukula, thunthu limakhuthala, poyamba masamba amakhala ozungulira ndi nthawi, amapota. Maluwa oyamba ndi masamba otsekedwa amapezeka chaka chotsatira.

Zodula

Kuti afalitse motere, amasankhidwa pang'ono kapena ochepa omwe ali ndi lignified cuttings. Njira yoberekera imachepetsedwa mpaka magawo otsatirawa:

1. Zomwe zadulidwa zouma.
2. Chithandizo cha heteroauxin kapena mankhwala ena othandizira kukula kumachitika.
3. Poto wotsika kwambiri amasankhidwa.
4. Kusakaniza kwa dothi lapansi, mchenga ndi humus zakonzedwa mu 1: 1: 1 ratio.
5. Zodula zokonzeka kubzala zimayikidwa m'nthaka ndikuthiriridwa pang'ono.
6. Fotokozerani kutentha kwa 30-32 ° C.
7. Patatha mwezi umodzi, kudula kumayamba ndi mizu.

Pachimake

Chomeracho chimayamba kuphulika kuyambira Marichi. Kawirikawiri awa amakhala maluwa ang'onoang'ono amitundu yosiyanasiyana, osakwatira kapena osonkhanitsidwa m'maambulera. Maonekedwe a peduncles amapezeka masamba asanatuluke masamba atatha kutuluka kwachisanu. Ngati chomeracho chimasungidwa bwino komanso chimasamalidwa bwino, chimatha kutulutsa maluwa chaka chonse. Nthawi zambiri maluwa - chaka chilichonse.

Chenjezo! Ngati chomeracho sichinatulutse maluwa kapena chasiya kufalikira, muyenera kuwona kuyatsa ndi malo a jatropha.

Izi ndi zomera zokonda kwambiri zomwe zimatuluka pakakhala kutentha ndi kuyatsa. Ngati jatropha yasiya kufalikira pang'ono, ndikofunikira kusintha komwe kuli mnyumbayo. Amamva bwino pamawindo akumadzulo ndi kum'mawa.

Ngati chomeracho chikuzizira, sichingomangosiya maluwa, koma chifunanso... Kutsirira kuyenera kusinthidwa ndipo kutentha kumasungidwa masiku angapo. Mukasunga jatropha m'malo amitambo, iyenera kuphunzitsidwa kuyatsa pang'onopang'ono kuti mupewe kutentha kwa dzuwa.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Monga zomera zonse zamkati, jatropha imatha kudwala matenda osiyanasiyana kapena tizirombo, omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi awa:

• Masamba a chomera amasamba ndikufota akagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira ndi madzi ozizira, chifukwa ndikofunikira kuwotha pang'ono.
• Mukamadyetsa mopitirira muyeso, jatropha imachedwetsa kukula, muyenera kunyowetsa nthaka musanathira feteleza ndikuchita pang'ono.
• Kugonjetsedwa kwa maluwa ndi ma thrips kumabweretsa kugwa kwawo ndi mapindikidwe. Pochiza, madzi ofunda amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsuka mbewu ndipo amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
• Pogwidwa ndi kangaude, chikasu ndikutaya masamba a jatropha zimawonedwa. Kupopera mbewu ndi madzi ofunda m'magawo oyamba ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo pazilonda zazikulu zitha kuwachotsa.
• Mizu ya Jatropha imavunda chifukwa chakuthirira mopitirira muyeso, komwe kumatha kuwononga chomeracho. Itha kupulumutsidwa pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira.

Mapeto

Jatropha imadziwika kuti ndi yosavuta komanso yosavuta kusamalira.... Kukula chokoma ichi ndikotheka ngakhale kwa alimi oyamba kumene. Jatrophes zakutchire zimatha kufikira kukula kwakukulu - mpaka 6 mita kutalika. M'madera otentha, zomera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza misewu. Mu zamankhwala - kupanga mafuta ena kuchokera ku mafuta a mbewu, ndi zina zambiri. Ma Hedges opangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya jatropha amawoneka okongola komanso okongola, koma chomeracho chimangokhala m'manyengo otentha osachepera 10 ° C.

Onerani kanemayo: Jatropha Oil (July 2024).