"Wopenga duwa" kapena hibiscus wosinthika: malongosoledwe ndi chithunzi, mawonekedwe a kubereka ndi kusamalira maluwa

Hibiscus ndi oimira ochititsa chidwi a Malvovs, achibale akutali a munda wamaluwa ndi thonje.

Nthawi zambiri amalimidwa m'minda ya botanical ndi ma Conservatories, koma hibiscus yosinthika ndi yabwino kukula panyumba.

Mbali yake yayikulu, yomwe idatchedwa "wopenga duwa", imadabwitsa ambiri. Munkhaniyi tikukuwuzani momwe mungasamalire duwa ili kunyumba, momwe mungafalitsire komanso matenda ndi tizilombo toononga zomwe zimatha kupatsira mbewuyo.

Kufotokozera kwa botanical

Hibiscus wosinthika (lat. Hibiscus Mutabilis) ndi mitundu yazomera kuchokera kubanja la Malvov la mtundu wa Hibiscus. Amadziwikanso ndi mayina "wopenga rose", Chinese hibiscus ndi mtengo wa lotus. Dziko lakwawo ndi zigawo zakumwera kwa China. Agwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira nthawi zakale ngati chomera chamankhwala, komanso amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zingwe, zingwe, ngati utoto wachilengedwe. M'zaka zamakedzana ku China, maluwa openga a duwa anali chizindikiro cha kutukuka ndi ukwati wolimba.

Chomeracho chinabweretsedwa ku Ulaya kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18, patapita nthawi chinaonekera ku Russia monga zokongoletsa. Mofulumira kwambiri, mtengo wa lotus udayamba kutchuka chifukwa chodzichepetsa komanso mawonekedwe ake.

M'chilengedwe chake, hibiscus yosinthika imatha kutalika mpaka mamita 4. Kukula pachaka ndi 30-35 cm, kutengera nyengo ndi nyengo. Ndi chomera chobiriwira nthawi zonse kapena chokhazikika komanso chokhala ndi korona wamtundu wa ambulera. Masambawa ndi achisamba (mpaka 30 cm), akulu, pafupifupi 25 * 25 cm kukula, velvety-pubescent, 5- kapena 7-lobed. Mphepete mwasungunuka. Masambawo ndi obiriwira.

Maluwawo ndi akulu, kuyambira masentimita 5 mpaka 30 m'mimba mwake, ndi corolla wonyezimira. Chikhalidwe cha chomeracho ndi kusintha kwa mtundu wa corolla pa nthawi ya duwa: mu mphukira ndi kirimu wotumbululuka, akamamasula amakhala pinki, kumapeto kwa maluwa amasanduka ofiira. Maluwa akupitirira masiku atatu. Pachifukwa ichi, chomeracho chidatchedwa "wopenga duwa".

Chithunzi

Pansipa pali chithunzi cha hibiscus chosakhazikika.

Kusamalira kunyumba

Kapangidwe ka dothi ndi chidebe chokula

Zomera za Hibiscus zimakonda dothi losalowerera ndale kuti likule. Pachifukwa ichi, mwina dothi lokonzekera lokonzekera lokhala ndi zitsamba zokongoletsera kapena gawo lokhazikitsidwa lokha lazinthu izi ndizoyenera:

• nkamba, tsamba kapena nthaka ya paini (gawo limodzi);
• mchenga;
• humus (gawo 1);
• peat (gawo limodzi);
• makala ochepa.

Mphamvu ya chomerayo iyenera kufanana ndi kukula kwa mizu yake.

Miphika yaying'ono ndi yoyenera hibiscus yachinyamata; pamene duwa lopenga limakula, liyenera kuikidwa m'miphika yayikulu ndi thireyi. Ndikofunikira kuti pansi pa beseni pakhale ngalande - timiyala tating'ono, njerwa zosweka, ndi zina zambiri.

Kuthirira

Hibiscus ikufuna nthaka ndi chinyezi. Ngakhale amalekerera chilala, amafunika kukhala ndi madzi okwanira bwino pamaluwawo.

• Kuthirira kumachitika ndi madzi kutentha, kuyimilira pompopompo kapena mvula.

  Kuthirira hibiscus ndikulimbikitsidwa ngati dothi lapamwamba mumphika limauma.

• Pambuyo kuthirira, pambuyo pa ola limodzi ndi theka, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tithe kumasula nthaka kuti muchepetse chinyezi.
• Pofuna kusunga chinyezi, chomeracho chimapopera tsiku ndi tsiku, ngati kuli kotheka, popanda madzi pamaluwa ndi masamba.

Kutentha ndi kuwunikira

Chomeracho chimakonda kuwala kofunda komanso kofalikira. M'nyengo yotentha, imatha kupita ndi khonde kapena bwalo, ndikupanga mthunzi pang'ono, m'nyengo yozizira imatha kusunthidwira pazenera lakumwera chakum'mawa.

Kutentha kotentha kwa nyengo yokula ya hibiscus ndi madigiri 20-25, koma chomeracho chiyenera kutetezedwa kuzinthu zosakhalitsa komanso kutentha kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, kuti mapangidwe abwino a impso, njira zabwino kwambiri zizikhala madigiri 14-16.

Zovala zapamwamba

Wopenga Rose Amafunikira Kudyetsa Nthawi Zonse - mchaka ndi chilimwe, feteleza amafunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito 1-2 pa sabata, m'nyengo yozizira ndi nthawi yophukira, amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa nthawi imodzi m'masiku 7-10.

• M'nyengo yachilimwe-chilimwe, feteleza wa potaziyamu ndi nayitrogeni amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosinthanitsa ndi nthaka, imathandizira kupangika kwa masamba ndikuwonjezera kutalika kwa maluwa.
• Nthawi yamaluwa, feteleza amchere omwe mulibe phosphorous amagwiritsidwa ntchito panthaka.

Kudulira

Kudulira kumachitika maluwa atatha, hibiscus isanatuluke nthawi yogona. Lamulo lalikulu ndikuchita izi asanapange maluwa. Mtengo wa lotus umalekerera kudulira bwino. Mphukira youma imachotsedwa ikangopezeka.

Gawo ndi gawo malangizo: mutha kupanga hibiscus wosintha ngati mtengo kapena chitsamba.

Njira yodulira ndi yosiyana pazochitika zonsezi.

• Kuti apange chitsamba:
  1. Pa nthambi yapakatikati, masamba angapo amawerengedwa kuchokera pansipa, omwe ayamba kukula.
  2. Nthambiyo imadulidwa ndi kotchera kapena mpeni wakuthwa.
  3. Kuti apange mphukira zazing'ono, nthambi zazitali zimakhazikika pamalo osasunthika ndikukhazikika.
• Kupanga mtengo:
  1. Mphukira zazing'ono zazing'ono zimachotsedwa, kusiya nthambi yokhayo yapakati.
  2. Gawo lapamwamba la nthambi yapakati limadulidwa ndi 1/3.

Tumizani

Kuika kumachitika kamodzi pachaka ndi njira yosinthira:

1. Musanabzala, masiku 2-3, kuthirira nthaka mozungulira chomeracho kumachitika, kupewa madzi.
2. Chomeracho chimachotsedwa mumphika pamodzi ndi chotupa chadothi.
3. Yang'anirani mizu yopezeka popanda kuwononga nthaka. Mizu yowola kapena matenda imadulidwa ndi mpeni kapena pruner.
4. Dothi lapamwamba lomwe silinajambulidwe ndi mizu limachotsedwa.
5. Chomeracho chimasamutsidwa ku mphika watsopano, owazidwa nthaka yatsopano ndikuphatikizidwa.
6. Kutsirira mutabzala kumachitika kudzera mu thireyi.

Nyengo yozizira

Kuti maluwa agwire bwino ntchito nthawi yotentha, ndikofunikira kusamalira chomeracho nthawi yozizira nthawi yonseyi. Pachifukwa ichi, malamulo awa akutsatiridwa:

• kutentha 14-16 madigiri (osachepera +10);
• kuthirira kamodzi masiku 10-14, ndi mpweya wouma - kamodzi masiku 7-10;
• kuyatsa kosachepera maola 8 patsiku.

Kubereka

Pakukula hibiscus wosinthika, njira ziwiri zofalitsira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: mbewu ndi cuttings. Tiyeni tiganizire njira zonsezi.

Mbewu

Kuyambira pakati pa Januware mpaka Epulo.

1. Mbeuzo zimanyowa kwa maola 10-12 m'madzi kutentha. Olimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
2. Nthaka yokonzedweratu imakhuthala, feteleza wamtundu ndi mchere amayambitsidwamo masiku 1-2 asanadzalemo.
3. Mbewu imafesedwa mumiphika ya peat kapena mabokosi akulu pamtunda wa masentimita 3-4 wina ndi mnzake.
4. Chidebecho chimakutidwa ndi zokutira pulasitiki kuti ziwonjezere kutentha.

Zodula

Inachitika mu February-Epulo kapena Julayi-Seputembara.

1. Cuttings ndi 2-3 internode (mtunda pa thunthu pakati pa masamba) amadulidwa kuchokera pamwamba pa mphukira zofananira za chaka chachiwiri cha moyo.
2. Kuyika mizu kumachitika kwa mwezi umodzi mumtsuko wamadzi kapena m'miphika yadothi pansi pa botolo lagalasi.
3. Pambuyo popanga mizu, cuttings amabzalidwa m'nthaka yokonzeka.
4. Zodulidwazo zimayikidwa pazenera ladzuwa.
5. Kutsirira cuttings kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito botolo la kutsitsi.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Nthawi zambiri, hibiscus amakhudzidwa ndi akangaude ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Ngati chomera chikukayikiridwa kuti chawonongeka ndi tizirombo, amakonza madzi osamba kenako ndikupopera ndi madzi a sopo. Pazochitika zapamwamba, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumaloledwa.

Zina mwa matenda amisala yamaluwa, omwe amapezeka kwambiri:

• chlorosis masamba;
• Kutentha kwa mizu ndi feteleza amchere.

Mavuto okhudzana ndi maluwa komanso kukula amathanso kuyambitsidwa ndi zolakwika zosamalira:

1. kuthirira kokwanira;
2. kudyetsa feteleza ndi feteleza;
3. mpweya wouma;
4. kusowa kwa mchere.

Maluwa ofanana

• Hibiscus wanzeru - hibiscus yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi ma corollas amitundu yosiyanasiyana.
• Hibiscus ya Marsh - chomera chokhala ndi maluwa akulu okhala ndi masamba a bicolor.
• Hibiscus wowala - ali ndi dzina la mitundu yosiyanasiyana pa corolla yamaluwa.
• Hibiscus ya Cooper - yasintha masamba.
• Hibiscus waku India - pafupifupi samasiyana ndi kosakhazikika, kusiyana kokha ndikuti sasintha mtundu.

Hibiscus ndiyosakhazikika, yosankha, koma imafuna chisamaliro chanzeru. Katswiri wamaluwa wodziwa bwino ntchito yake, adzapatsidwa mphotho ndi zaka zambiri zamaluwa obiriwira koma okongola kwambiri.

Onerani kanemayo: TIKUFERANJI 13 JANUARY 2018 (September 2024).