Zinsinsi za zokolola zabwino za radish. Momwe mungakulire masamba kuthengo, wowonjezera kutentha komanso kunyumba?

Radishi ndi chomera chodziwika bwino, chomwe pazifukwa zina sichinapeze malo m'munda wa nzika zambiri zaku Russia. Ndipo pachabe!

Radishi ali ndi kukoma kwake, koma nthawi yomweyo ndi nkhokwe yaumoyo. Kodi mungakulitse bwanji masamba athanzi patsamba lanu?

Zomwe zimasinthasintha mbewu, momwe mungasankhire moyenera zosiyanasiyana ndi komwe mungagule, malangizo akukula ndi kusamalira wowonjezera kutentha, kutseguka ndi kunyumba - zonsezi ndi zina zambiri zikambidwa m'nkhaniyi.

NKHANI za kasinthasintha mbewu

1. Radishi adzasangalala kwambiri pafupi ndi tomato, kaloti, nkhaka. Malo oyandikana ndi beets, sipinachi, dzungu, parsnips, kabichi, zukini amalekerera bwino.
2. Anyezi, kabichi, hisope, sitiroberi ndiomwe amakhala "oyandikana" kwambiri ndi radish.

Malo abwino oti muzu wa masamba azikhala ndiwo komwe adakulidwirako:

• mbatata;
• nkhaka;
• amadyera;
• dzungu;
• tomato;
• akavalo;
• karoti.

Momwe mungasankhire kalimi molondola?

Muyenera kusankha radish zosiyanasiyana, moyang'ana momwe zinthu ziliri kwanuko komanso nthawi yokolola. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti pali mitundu ingapo ya radish:

• wakuda;
• zoyera;
• chobiriwira;
• chofiira.

Malinga ndi nthawi yakucha, mitundu yoyambirira, yapakatikati komanso mochedwa imasiyanitsidwa:

• Mitundu yoyambirira kucha yakuphatikiza mitundu "Odessa 5", "Chilimwe chozungulira choyera", "Green Goddess", "Sudarushka".
• Mitundu ya Radishi yokhala ndi nthawi yakucha: "Chinjoka", "Wodabwitsa", "Chitchaina", "Zima Wakuda".
• Kuchedwa kucha - "Dotolo", "Gaivoronskaya 27", "Kuzizira kozungulira koyera".

Kodi zobzala zimagulitsidwa kuti?

Mutha kugula mbewu kumsika uliwonse wamaluwa kapena hypermarket. Zachidziwikire, ndizopindulitsa kwambiri kugula mbewu kwa omwe amapanga. Mtengo wa mbewu za radish umadalira mtundu wofunikira ndi wopanga. Mwachitsanzo, phukusi la mtundu (euros) lolemera 1 g wa mbewu kuchokera kwa wopanga Sedek limawononga pafupifupi ruble 10, mu phukusi loyera 1 g imodzimodziyo imadula ma ruble asanu. (mitengo ndi ya Ogasiti 2019). Mafuta a Siderat radish pakunyamula 1 kg. wopanga yemweyo amatenga ma ruble 170 mu Ogasiti 2019.

Gawo lirilonse malangizo akukula ndi chisamaliro

Zogula kapena mbewu zanu muyenera kukonzekera kubzala. Pachifukwachi, mbewu zimasungidwa kwa tsiku limodzi mu njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate.

Mu wowonjezera kutentha

1. Kawirikawiri, radish imafesedwa mu greenhouses mu February-May ndi September. Kenako zokolola zidzakhala mu Epulo-Juni ndi Okutobala. Koma m'malo otentha, mutha kulima masambawa chaka chonse.
2. Kumayambiriro kwa masika, akatswiri amalangiza kuti azitha kutentha kwina kuti atenge zipatso zazikulu. Kutentha kwakanthawi kwakanthawi sikungapweteke kwambiri.

   Ngati kutentha sikupitilira + 10 ° C, nthawi yokolola idzawonjezeka ndi milungu iwiri.

3. Mbewu zimabzalidwa mu nthaka yokonzedwa mosamala m'mabedi amfupi (kutalika mpaka 30 cm). Kuti tipeze zokolola pang'onopang'ono, kuyang'anira kumachitika sabata iliyonse.
4. Mphukira zoyamba zikawoneka, radish iyenera kuchepetsedwa kuti pakhale mtunda wosachepera masentimita 5. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, iyenera kuchepanso.
5. Kuthirira mbewu muzu kumachitika sabata iliyonse, kupewa kuti dothi lisaume. Pa mita iliyonse lalikulu, muyenera kutsanulira mpaka malita 12 a madzi. Ngati simukutsata nthawi zonse ndikunyowetsa nthaka, ma tubers amatha. Kuphatikiza kumathandiza kuteteza chinyezi m'nthaka.
6. Kuvala pamwamba kwamitundu yoyamba ya radish kumachitika kawiri: masamba a cotyledon akawoneka ndipo patatha sabata. Feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nayitrogeni kokha chifukwa chakanthawi kochepa. Mitundu yakucha yakumapeto imadyetsedwa sabata iliyonse ndi feteleza wamafuta ovuta.

   Manyowa si abwino kudyetsa radish. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumabweretsa nthambi ya tubers.

   Kudyetsa kuyenera kuyimitsidwa kutatsala masiku makumi awiri kuti mukolole.

7. Pakati pa nyengo yokula, chomeracho chimadulidwa katatu: nthawi yoyamba nthaka imalimidwa mpaka 4 cm, yachiwiri - mpaka 8 cm, yomaliza - mpaka 10 cm.
8. M'chilimwe, wowonjezera kutentha komwe radish amakula ayenera kukhala ndi mpweya wokwanira, kupewa ma drafts.

Kutchire

1. The radish ndi yabwino chifukwa chake chisanu kukana. Mphukira zoyamba zitha kuwoneka pomwe kutentha kumatentha mpaka +3 ° C. Zimagonjetsedwa ngakhale chisanu chakanthawi mpaka -4 ° C. Zomera zokhwima sizidzafa ngakhale -6 ° C.
2. Mukamalimira radish mu njira ya mmera, ndikofunikira kubzala mbewu mwezi umodzi asanabzalidwe pansi.
3. Musanabzala mbewu kapena mbande, pakhale pofunika kukumbidwa pabedi ndikumangoyenda ndi chofufutira. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala radish m'nthaka ya loamy yopindulitsa ndi humus kapena humus. Nthaka ya mchenga wa mchenga ndiyenso yoyenera. Dothi lamchere liyenera kuthimbidwa kale.
4. Kufesa pansi kumachitika malinga ndi chiwembu 8 masentimita ndi masentimita 35. Kuzama kwa ma grooves sikuyenera kupitirira masentimita 2. Mbeu zitatu zimayikidwa mukachipinda kalikonse. Ma grooves adakutidwa ndi nthaka. Ndi chinyezi chokwanira padziko lapansi, mundawo umathiriridwa. Pakakhala chisanu, mphukira zoyamba zimawoneka sabata.
5. Mfundo yofunikira posamalira mbewu zonse za muzu ndi kupatulira. Iyenera kuchitika kawiri: pakakhala masamba awiri komanso patatha mwezi umodzi. Pakakhala kumera kosagwirizana, mbewu zomwe zidachotsedwa zitha kufalikira m'malo opanda kanthu. Radish imalimbana ndikudula bwino.
6. Mitundu yoyambirira kukhwima imafunika kuthirira moyenera sabata iliyonse. Mitundu yochedwa mochedwa imathiriridwa nthawi zinayi pakukula.

   Radish salola chilala chachikulu, ngati itatha nthawi yotere imathiriridwa kwambiri, ndiye kuti muzuwo udzasweka.
7. Kuti apange zipatso zolondola, chomeracho chimasunthidwa pang'ono, motero chimadula mizu yotsatira. Pambuyo pokonza izi, radish imayenera kuthyoledwa, ndiye zamkati mwa mbewu zidzakhala zofewa.
8. Nthawi ndi nthawi, namsongole amafunika kuchotsedwa pabedi. Pakukula kwa radish, ndikofunikira kumasula nthaka katatu. Nthawi yoyamba kukonza kumachitika masentimita 4, yachiwiri - mpaka 8 cm, yomaliza - mpaka 10 cm.
9. Kuvala pamwamba pa radish kumachitika, ngati kuli kofunikira, kokha ndi nayitrogeni kapena feteleza ovuta. Mitundu yakukhwima koyambirira imadyetsedwa kawiri: koyamba masamba a cotyledon akawululidwa, kachiwirinso pakatha sabata yoyamba kudya. Ma radish akucha mochedwa amadyetsedwa sabata iliyonse. Ndikofunika kusiya feteleza masiku makumi awiri musanakolole.

Nyumba

1. Pazomwe mukukula m'nyumba, m'pofunika kusankha mitundu yoyambirira yokhwima yomwe ikulimbana ndi maluwa ndi chilala.
2. Kuti mukolole m'nyumba, muyenera kugula mphika wakuya masentimita 20 ndi zina zambiri. Pofuna kupewa kuchepa kwa chinyezi, maenje opangira ngalande amapangidwapo (ngati kulibe), dothi lokulirapo limayikidwa pansi. Mbewu zimabzalidwa m'nthaka yopanda ndale.
3. Nthaka imatsanulidwa mu chidebe chokonzekera. Kupumula mpaka 2 cm kumapangidwa mmenemo kapena poyambira pomwe pamabzalidwapo zinthu zobzala. Mbewu zimakonkhedwa ndi nthaka ndikuthira chopopera. Pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha, mphika umaphimbidwa ndi zojambulazo ndikuyikidwa m'malo amdima, ofunda.

   Chisamaliro! Miphika siyenera kudzazidwa kwathunthu ndi dothi. Ndikukula kwa mbande, dziko lapansi lidzafunika kutsanulidwa.

4. Mphukira zoyamba zidzawoneka patadutsa sabata. Akamatuluka, kanemayo ayenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo mphikawo uyenera kupita nawo pamalo owala komanso ozizira. Ngati mbewuzo zidabzalidwa mumphika wautali wa khonde, ndiye kuti masamba awiri owona akaonekera, chomeracho chiyenera kuchepetsedwa, ndikusiya mtunda wa masentimita 8 pakati pawo.
5. Ikamauma, dothi limafunika kuthiridwa. Radishi wobzalidwa m'nthaka yachonde sayenera kudyetsa.
6. Vuto lalikulu pakukula kwa radish m'nyumba ndikukhala ndi nyengo yabwino (iyenera kukhala yozizira usiku komanso yotentha masana). Kutentha kwamlengalenga kumayambitsa maluwa.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Pofuna kuteteza matenda mu radish, nthawi yosinthira mbewu iyenera kuwonedwa. Pa bedi limodzi, muzu wa mbewu umayenera kukula zaka zinayi zilizonse. Kukula kwa matenda kumathandizidwa ndi chinyezi chambiri mlengalenga kapena nthaka.

Matenda omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi awa:

1. Blackleg. Matenda a fungal nthawi zambiri amakhudza mbande. Tsinde la chomeracho m'munsi limasanduka chikasu, kenako limakhala lakuda. Pakapita masiku angapo, chomeracho chimaswa ndi kufa. Matendawa amapezeka ndi chinyezi chambiri, kukhathamira kwa mbewu, kuchuluka kwa nthaka. Palibe chifukwa cholimbana ndi matendawa - zomera zamatenda zimachotsedwa. Ndikofunika kuchita zinthu zodzitetezera: kutetezera nthaka ku mbande, liming, kupatulira mbewu.
2. Downy mildew (peronosporosis) imakhalanso ndi mafangasi. Matendawa amadziwika ndi mapangidwe a mawanga achikasu pamasamba, omwe amakula kukula ndikusintha mtundu kukhala wofiirira. Zimachitika ndi chinyezi chambiri, mpweya wabwino (wowonjezera kutentha), kutsika kwakukulu kwamatenthedwe. Njira zothanirana ndi matendawa: kuteteza dothi kumtunda ndi mkuwa sulphate. Mankhwala atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitimanyalanyaza kuti tipindule ndi radish:

1. Kabichi ntchentche mphutsi kuwononga mizu ndi tuber wa kachitsamba kakang'ono. Zotsatira zake, kukula kwa radish kumasiya, masamba amatembenukira ngati buluu, amafota. Njira yabwino yopewera tizilombo ndiyo kusunga kasinthasintha wa mbewu. Munthawi yonse yamasika ndi chilimwe, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi namsongole wopachika. Mwa njira zodziwika bwino zowononga tizilombo, mankhwala ndi fumbi la fodya ndi phulusa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Mutha kuthirira mbande ndi mankhwala.
2. Nthata za Sacral Kodi kafadala kakang'ono kamabisalamo zinyalala zazomera. Nthata zimachoka m'malo awo ozizira mu Epulo. Nyongolotsi zimatafuna mabowo ambiri m'masamba a radish. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chomerako kumatha kupha. Mutha kuchiza mbande kuti muchepetse tizilombo ndi phulusa, kapena mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito mankhwala.

Zinsinsi Zothetsera Mavuto

1. Vuto loyamba pakukula mbewu ndi nthawi yobzala. Okhala opanda chidziwitso chilimwe amawopa nyengo yozizira ndikuchedwa kufesa mbewu. Ndikukula kwamasana, radish ipita muvi. Kugwa, musathamangire. Maola a masana ayenera kuchepa ndipo kutentha kuyenera kutsika.
2. Vuto lina kwa radish wabwino ndi kutentha. Kutentha kotentha kwa muzu wa mbewu kumawerengedwa kuti mpaka +18 ° C. Ngati nyengo ili yotentha, ndiye kuti mbande zomwe zikubwera zimafunika kulumikizidwa.
3. Pamalo okhala ndi mithunzi, mizu yabwinobwino imakula. Chipatso cha zipatso ndi kukoma zimadalira kuthirira. Podzala radish, muyenera kuchotsa malo omwe kuli dzuwa.
4. Kuchuluka kwa feteleza wachilengedwe (manyowa) kumavulaza chomeracho. Mizu imakhotera, imakhala yopanda tanthauzo, imasiya kutulutsa bwino.
5. Kupanda kuthirira kumapereka mizu mbewu zowawa, zovuta komanso fungo losasangalatsa. Choncho, kuthirira oyambirira mitundu ayenera pafupipafupi.
6. Kupatulira radish kumachitika msanga momwe zingathere. Zomera zimayenera kukulira pamtunda wa masentimita 20 wina ndi mnzake. Koyamba ndikofunikira kuchotsa mphukira zochulukirapo pagawo lachiwiri, lachiwiri - patatha masiku makumi awiri.
7. Mbewu za Cruciferous zimatha kugwidwa ndi utitiri. Mutha kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndi phulusa wamba. Manyowawa atha kuthiridwa munthaka asanafese.

Radish yomwe imasonkhanitsidwa patsamba lake idzakhala masamba athanzi komanso okoma patebulo. Kulima chikhalidwe sikufuna khama lalikulu.

Kusunga mfundo zaukadaulo waulimi, kupereka chisamaliro choyenera, mutha kupeza zokolola zabwino zomwe zingasangalatse banja lonse chaka chonse.

Onerani kanemayo: Kuthengo Camp- Malawi (September 2024).