Toledo Cathedral - amodzi mwa akachisi akulu kwambiri ku Spain

Malo amodzi odziwika kwambiri ku Castile, Toledo Cathedral si chitsanzo chabwino chabe cha zomangamanga za Gothic, komanso malo osungira zinthu zakale kwambiri ku Spain.

Zina zambiri

Cathedral of Saint Mary ku Toledo, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti cathedra ya 4 ya Primate of Spain, si chizindikiro chodziwika kwambiri mzindawo, komanso tchalitchi chachikulu cha Katolika mdzikolo. Gawo lomwe nyumbayi ili bwino nthawi zonse limalumikizidwa ndi chipembedzo m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Poyamba, panali tchalitchi chakale cha Roma, kenako Tchalitchi cha Orthodox cha Visigoths, kenako mzikiti wachisilamu, chomwe chinawonongedwa pankhondo ina ndi Akhristu.

Ponena za kachisi yemwe, kumanga kwake, komwe kunayamba mu 1226 poyambitsidwa ndi King Fernando III, kudatha zaka zopitilira mazana awiri ndikutha mu 1493. Pakadali pano, Cathedral ku Toledo, yomwe ili mdera lakale lamzindawu, ndi tchalitchi cha Katolika chomwe chikugwira ntchito. Koma ngati mutha kugwira nawo ntchito zaumulungu kwaulere, ndiye kuti nthawi yonseyi imakhala ngati nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, polowera komwe mudzayenera kulipira.

Mu 1986, Catedral Primada idalengezedwa kuti ndi Historical Heritage Site ndikulowa mu kaundula wa UNESCO. Ngakhale kuti madera osagwirizana komanso kukula kwa mizinda sikulola kuti tithokoze ukulu wa nyumbayi, manambala azidzilankhulira okha. Kutalika kwa tchalitchichi ndi pafupifupi 120 m, m'lifupi mwake kumafika 60, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi 44, komwe sikumangokhala nyumba yayitali kwambiri mumzinda, komanso kunathandizira kulowa mu TOP-6 m'malo opatulika achikristu ku Europe.

Zomangamanga

Ngakhale kuti Cathedral ku Toledo (Spain) ndi imodzi mwazitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za kalembedwe ka Gothic, palinso mawonekedwe amitundu ina yomwe idawonekera munthawi zosiyanasiyana.

Mbali yayikulu ya Catedral Primada, moyang'anizana ndi bwalo la Ayutamiento kuphatikiza nyumba zanyumba yamzinda komanso nyumba yachifumu ya bishopu wamkulu, idapangidwa pakati pa zaka za zana la 15. Ili ndi zipata zitatu - Gahena, Chiweruzo Chotsiriza ndi Kukhululuka. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, koma pamakongoletsedwe oyamba, omwe amatchedwanso Chipata cha Palms, palibe zochitika zokhumudwitsa. Zodzikongoletsera zake zokha ndizokongoletsa zamaluwa zokumbutsa nthawi zomwe patsiku lolowa kwa Ambuye ku Yerusalemu mgulu wokhala ndi masamba a mgwalangwa adadutsa mu Portal of Hell. Koma dzina la chipata chachiwiri chimadziwonetsera lokha - pali zochitika zambiri zomwe zidaperekedwa pamutuwu.

Ponena za zipata zomaliza, chapakati, chikhulupiriro chimodzi chanthawi yayitali chimalumikizidwa nacho, malinga ndi momwe aliyense amene amadutsa pachipata ichi angadalire kukhululukidwa kwa machimo onse. Kapangidwe ka Puerta del Perdon kamapangidwa ngati chipilala cha Gothic chokhala ndi zipilala zisanu ndi chimodzi komanso chofanizira chojambula pomwe Namwaliyo amapatsa mkanjo wake ku St. Ildefons. Pakadali pano, Port forgiveness Portal imangotseguka pakhomo lolowera la bishopu wamkulu komanso zochitika zina zapadera.

Khomo lakumpoto la Cathedral of Toledo likuwonetsedwa ndi Portal of the Clock, yomwe idapangidwa mchaka choyamba cha zaka za zana la 13. Phata la chipata ichi adalikongoletsa ndi zithunzi zokometsera zomwe zimafotokoza za moyo wa Khristu ndi Namwali Mariya, ndipo malo omwe ali pamwamba pa chipilalacho amakongoletsedwa ndi wotchi yayikulu yomwe idakhazikitsidwa patatha zaka 300. Pamwamba pa Puerta del Reloj yovekedwa ndi nsanja ya 90, malo ake akale omwe amalemera matani 17. Chifukwa chakuti gawo ili la kachisiyo lili kumapeto kwenikweni kwa mseu wakale wogulitsira, chipata ichi nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa malo osakondera. Pakadali pano, khomo lolowera ku Catedral Primada kudzera pa Watch Portal limakhalabe laulere, koma simudzawona chilichonse pano kupatula malo owonera ochepa.

Koma nyumba yatsopano ya malowa ingatchedwe Portal Lviv, yomwe idapangidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 16. ndipo ili kum'mwera kwa nyumbayo. Chodziwikiratu kuti chipata ichi ndi zojambula zake zamiyala zokongola ndi zipilala zazikulu zokhala ndi ziboliboli za mikango. Pakadali pano, Puerta de los Leones ndiye khomo lolowera pakachisi - siligwiritsidwa ntchito ndi alendo okha, komanso okhulupirira omwe amabwera kuzithandizo.

Kuphatikiza apo, Cathedral ya St. Mary ili ndi zipata zingapo, 2 zomwe zimabweretsa chinyumba, bwalo laling'ono lotseguka lokhala ndi tambirimbiri zokutidwa ndi zithunzi zakale zosonyeza zochitika za moyo wa ofera akulu.

Zokongoletsa mkati

Catedral Primada ndiyotchuka osati chifukwa cha mapangidwe ake okongola, komanso chifukwa cha zokongoletsa zake zamkati modabwitsa, pakupanga komwe ambuye abwino kwambiri ku Spain adatenga nawo gawo. Nyumba yayikulu ya tchalitchichi, yomwe ili ndi 7 mita lalikulu mita. m., ili ndi ma naves 5, makoma ake omwe amakongoletsedwa ndi mawindo a magalasi a 700 komanso kuwonekera kwakale, zenera lalikulu la baroque lopangidwa ndi magalasi owonekera koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 18.

Imodzi mwa ngodya zokongola kwambiri za kachisiyo ndi chapakati chapakati, khomo lomwe limatsekedwa ndi zotchinga zokongola, ndipo makomawo adakongoletsedwa ndi zojambula zambiri. Ngale yayikulu ya malowa ndi wakale wakale wa Gothic retablo wopangidwa ndi matabwa okhomedwa komanso okhala ndi zipinda 7 zowongoka. Zinayi mwa iwo ndizokongoletsedwa ndi zojambulazo za Lemba Lopatulika, zina 2 - ndi zithunzi zosema za oyera mtima odziwika m'Baibulo. Pansi pa gawo lokulirapo pali kachisi, chotengera chopatulika momwe Mphatso Zoyera zimasungidwa. Ndipo palinso manda, amene anakhala pothawirapo kardinali wamba ndi mafumu angapo.

Kuyang'ana ku Cathedral of St. Mary of Toledo mkatimo, ndizosatheka kuzindikira kwayala yapaderadera iwiri yomwe ili mkatikati mwa nave yayikulu. Mbali yayikulu ya nyumbayi ili ndi zithunzi zokongoletsa za m'Baibulo, pomwe gawo lakumunsi limakhala ndi mipando yamatabwa yovekedwa, yomwe pamwamba pake imakutidwa ndi zojambulidwa pamiyambo yakale. Kalelo, khonsolo yamatchalitchi idakhala pano, ikuthandiza bishopu kuyang'anira dayosiziyi. Masiku ano pali ziwalo ziwiri zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawu awo omveka bwino.

Zovala za tchalitchi chachikulu siziyeneranso kusamalidwa, mkati mwa makoma ake momwe zimasungidwa zovala za tchalitchi zokongoletsedwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali, zinthu zopembedza zachipembedzo kuyambira zaka za zana la 15 ndi 16, ndi zojambulajambula zolembedwa ndi akatswiri odziwika aku Spain - Van Dyck, El Greco, Francisco Goya, Diego Velazquez ndi Vecellio Titian. Chinthu china chofunikira ku tchalitchi chachikulu ndi chuma chakale, chokonzedwa pansi pa nsanja yapakatikati ndipo simunangokhala ndi zodzikongoletsera zoperekedwa kukachisi ndi anthu wamba, komanso chiwonetsero chachikulu chagolide, chokongoletsedwa ndi ngale za Isabella Mkatolika ndikuyika m'chihema chokulirapo.
Osati malo omaliza ku Toledo Cathedral ku Toledo amakhala ndimatchalitchi ambiri, otchuka kwambiri ndi Chapel ya Mgonero Woyera kapena Namwali Wakale Mariya. Pakatikati pa tsambali ndi guwa labwino kwambiri lachilengedwe chatsopano chokhala ndi mpando wachifumu wokhala ndi chifanizo chamatabwa cha Namwali, wazaka zapakati pa 12th century. Ponena za mapemphelo ena, aliyense wa iwo amatenga gawo lakubisa m'manda anthu ena odziwika bwino - mabishopu, mafumu, makadinali, ndi ena.

Malamulo oyendera

Pali malamulo ena ku Cathedral of Toledo omwe mlendo aliyense ayenera kutsatira:

1. Musanalowe pakachisi, muyenera kuzimitsa mafoni anu.
2. Zithunzi ndi makanema siziloledwa mkachisi ndi museums.
3. Ma amplifififi amplifiers, ma pointer a laser ndi zida zina nawonso aletsedwa.
4. Tchalitchichi chimakhala ndi mawu abwino kwambiri, chifukwa chake yesani kupanga phokoso ndikuyankhula mwakachetechete momwe zingathere.
5. Simungathe kubweretsa chakudya ndi zakumwa, koma pali malo omwera angapo pafupi ndi tchalitchi, chifukwa chake simudzakhala ndi njala.
6. Osakhudza zojambulajambula ndi manja anu - iliyonse ya iwo imatetezedwa ndi alamu yapadera, chifukwa chake zochita zanu sizinyalanyazidwa ndi alonda.
7. Mwazina, kuwonera makanema kumachitika nthawi yonseyi, chifukwa chake khalani ndi moyo wabwino.
8. Mukamapita ku Toledo Cathedral, samalani zovala zoyenera. Ayenera kukhala wodzichepetsa komanso wotseka momwe angathere.

Yerekezerani mitengo ya malo ogwiritsira ntchito Fomu iyi

Zambiri zothandiza

• Catedral Primada, yomwe ili ku Calle del Cardenal Cisneros 1, 45002.
• Tsegulani kwa anthu kuyambira Januware 1 mpaka Juni 30. Maola otseguka: Mon. - Lachisanu. kuyambira 10:00 mpaka 14:00.

• Tikiti yovuta imadula 12.50 €. Mutha kuyigwiritsa ntchito kamodzi kokha patsiku logula. Ndalama zonse zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa zimathandizira kukonzanso kachisi ndi malo ake owonetsera zakale.
• Onani zambiri patsamba lovomerezeka la webusayiti iyi - www.catedralprimada.es.

Ndandanda ndi mitengo yomwe ili patsamba ndi ya Januware 2020.

Malangizo Othandiza

Mukamapita ku Toledo Cathedral, pali malangizo ochepa ofunika kukumbukira:

1. Ndikofunika kugawa maola osachepera 3-4 kuti mudziwe tchalitchi chachikulu cha Katolika mdziko muno.
2. Kuti mayendedwe akhale osangalatsa komanso ophunzitsa, tengani mawu amawu (omwe amapezeka mu Chirasha, ophatikizidwa ndi mtengo wamatikiti). Ndipo musaiwale kubweretsa pasipoti yanu kapena chiphaso choyendetsa nanu - adzayenera kusungidwa.
3. Valani kotentha m'nyengo yozizira - nyumbayi ndi yayikulu kwambiri komanso yatsopano.
4. Catedral Primada ndi yokongola nthawi iliyonse yamasana, koma imawoneka bwino kwambiri kumayambiriro kwamadzulo, kuwunikira kowala kumayatsidwa pazithunzi zake.
5. Mukamapita kuulendo, sungani ndalama zokwanira - makadi savomerezedwa pano.

Onani mkati mwa Toledo Cathedral mu kanemayu:

Onerani kanemayo: Toledo Cathedral -- Toledo, Spain (July 2024).