Santa Maria del Mar - Tchalitchi chodziwika bwino cha Barcelona

Santa Maria del Mar ndi amodzi mwamalo achilendo kwambiri ku Gothic ku Barcelona komanso ku Spain. Tchalitchichi, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti Naval Church of St. Mary ndi Naval Cathedral yaku Barcelona, ​​ndiye mpingo wokhawo womwe ulipobe mumachitidwe oyera achi Catalan Gothic.

Kukopa kwapaderaku kumapezeka ku La Ribera kotala ya Old Town ku Barcelona.

Zolemba zakale

Alfonso IV wa Ofatsa atapambana nkhondo ndi Sardinia mu 1324, adaganiza zomanga kachisi wokongola ku Barcelona. Ndipo popeza nkhondo zambiri zankhondo iyi zidachitika panyanja, tchalitchichi lidalandira dzina loyenera: Santa Maria del Mar, kutanthauza kuti Naval Cathedral ya St. Mary.

M'chaka cha 1329, Mfumu Alfonso IV iyemwini adayika mwala wophiphiritsa pamaziko amatchalitchi amtsogolo amtsogolo - izi zimatsimikizidwanso ndi cholembedwa chakumaso kwa nyumbayi, chomwe chidapangidwa ku Latin ndi Catalan.

Mpingo wa Santa Maria del Mar ku Barcelona unamangidwa mwachangu kwambiri - mzaka 55 zokha. Chodabwitsa kwambiri panthawiyo, mayendedwe akumanga amafotokozedwa ndikuti nzika zonse zaku La Ribera kotala, zomwe zimakula ndikulemera chifukwa chamakampani apamadzi, anali kugwira ntchito yomanga. Naval Church ya Barcelona idakonzedwa ngati malo achipembedzo a anthu wamba, chifukwa chake onse okhala ku La Ribera adatenga nawo gawo pomanga. Poterepa, oyendetsa doko adakwanitsa kuchita zambiri: iwo eniwo adachotsa miyala yonse yomanga ku Montjuic yofunikira pomanga. Ichi ndichifukwa chake pamakomo a zipata zapakati pali ziwonetsero zazitsulo zonyamula zolemera zolemera miyala yayikulu.

Mu 1379, Khrisimasi isanachitike, moto udabuka, chifukwa gawo lina la nyumbayo lidagwa. Zachidziwikire, izi zidapanga kusintha kwawo ndikuwonjezera nthawi yonse yomanga, koma osatinso: mu 1383 mpingo wa Santa Maria del Mar unamalizidwa.

Chivomerezi mu 1428 chinawononga kwambiri nyumbayo, kuphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwawindo la magalasi lamadzulo kumadzulo. Kale mu 1459, kachisi adakonzedweratu, m'malo mwa wozunzidwayo, rosette yatsopano yamagalasi idawonekera.

Mu 1923, Papa Pius XI adalemekeza Naval Church ndi dzina loti Small Papal Basilica.

Zomangamanga Santa Maria del Mar

Mu Middle Ages, zomangamanga zazikuluzikulu zotere nthawi zambiri zimatenga nthawi yayitali - zaka zosachepera 100. Ndi chifukwa cha izi nyumba zambiri zakale zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomangidwe. Koma Tchalitchi cha Santa Maria del Mar ku Barcelona ndichapadera. Iyo idamangidwa zaka 55 zokha ndipo ndiye chitsanzo chokhacho chotsalira cha Catalan Gothic yoyera. Tchalitchichi chimawonekeradi chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake odabwitsa, zomwe sizachilendo kuzinyumba zazikulu zakale.

Kapangidwe kakang'ono kakang'ono kamamangidwa ndi miyala, paliponse pali ndege zazikulu zazitali zosalala komanso zokongoletsera zochepa. Chojambula chachikulu chimazunguliridwa ndi zingwe zamiyala, ngati kuti mwadala mwala waukulu. Chokongoletsera chachikulu ndi magalasi ozungulira okhala ndi magalasi ozungulira omwe ali pamwamba pakhomo lolowera, palinso mawindo opapatiza okongoletsa ndi zipilala zosongoka (ngakhale kulibe ambiri).

Khomo lapakati la tchalitchili limapangidwa ngati khoma lalikulu lokhala ndi zitseko zamatabwa zokutidwa ndi zojambula. Kumbali ya chipata cha arched kuli ziboliboli za Oyera a Peter ndi Paul. Pali ziboliboli pa tympanum: adakhala Yesu, patsogolo pake Namwali Mariya ndi Yohane Mbatizi akuyimirira.

Nsanja za belu za Santa Maria del Mar ndizodziwika bwino: ndizazitali, zimangofika mita 40 zokha, ndipo sizimaliza ndi ma spiers, omwe amakhala achikale ku ma Gothic, koma ndi nsonga zopingasa.

Zofunika! Khomo lolowera mnyumbamo limapezeka ndi anthu omwe ali ndi mayendedwe ochepa.

Tchalitchi mkati

Malingaliro omwe amapangidwa poganizira za kuwonekera kwa Tchalitchi cha Santa Maria del Mar ndiosiyana kotheratu ndi malingaliro omwe amapezeka mkati mwamakongoletsedwe. Zimakhala zosamvetsetseka kwathunthu momwe kuseri kwamakoma amiyala yamiyala yamphamvu momwemo pangakhale malo opepuka ambiri! Ngakhale ku Spain, ndi ku Europe, kuli matchalitchi okulirapo kuposa Naval Cathedral ku Barcelona, ​​kulibe mipingo yokulirapo. Izi ndizodabwitsa, koma zomveka.

Chikatalani Gothic chimadziwika ndi izi: ngati kachisi ali ndi mipata itatu, ndiye kuti ma naves onse atatu ali ndi kutalika kofanana. Yerekezerani: pafupifupi m'matchalitchi onse aku Europe a Gothic, kutalika kwa nsanamira zam'mbali ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa kutalika kwa chapakati, chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa malo amkati ndizochepa. Ku Tchalitchi cha Santa Maria del Mar, nave yayikulu ndi 33 mita kutalika, ndipo misomali yam'mbali ndi 27 mita kutalika. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinsinsi zakuwona kwakumverera kwa danga lalikulu kumapangidwa mkati mwa kapangidwe kake.

Gawo lachiwiri la chithunzi ndi mizati. Tchalitchi cha Santa Maria del Mar chilibe zipilala zazikulu zomwe zimapezeka m'ma temple akachi Gothic. Nawa mapangidwe okongoletsa, owoneka ochepera kwambiri pamapangidwe akulu otere, ma pyloni octagonal. Ndipo ali pamtunda wa mamita 13 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake - iyi ndi gawo lokulirapo kwambiri m'matchalitchi onse aku Europe a Gothic.

Ponena za zokongoletsera zamkati, palibe "chic ndi glitter wokhala ndi tinsel wowala". Chilichonse ndichokhwima, choletsa komanso chokongola.

Yerekezerani mitengo ya malo ogwiritsira ntchito Fomu iyi

Zambiri zothandiza

Santa Maria del Mar ku Barcelona ili ku Plaça de Santa Maria 1, 08003 Barcelona, ​​Spain.

Mutha kukafika ku Tchalitchichi kuchokera kulikonse kwa Barcelona:

• ndi basi yoyendera alendo, tsikani paimilira Pla de Palau;
• ndi metro, mzere wachikaso L4, siyani Jaume I;
• pa basi yamagalimoto nambala 17, 19, 40 ndi 45 - Pla de Palau amasiya.

Maola otsegulira ndi mtengo wamaulendo

Mutha kupita kutchalitchiko kwaulere:

• kuyambira Lolemba mpaka Loweruka kuphatikiza - kuyambira 9:00 mpaka 13:00 ndi kuchokera 17:00 mpaka 20:30;
• Lamlungu - kuyambira 10:00 mpaka 14:00 ndi 17:00 mpaka 20:00.

Koma popeza nthawi ino pafupifupi imagwirizana ndi nthawi yantchito, khomo la alendo likhoza kukhala lochepa.

Mapulogalamu aulendo

Kuyambira 13:00 (Lamlungu kuyambira 14:00) mpaka 17:00, Tchalitchi cha Santa Maria del Mar chitha kuchezeredwa ndiulendo wowongolera. Maulendo otsogozedwa amaperekedwa ndi ogwira ntchito kutchalitchi mu Chingerezi, Chisipanishi ndi Chikatalani. Pali mapulogalamu angapo, koma palibe omwe amaloledwa kwa ana ochepera zaka 6.

Pa nthawi ya tchuthi, mayendedwe amtundu waulendo amatha kusinthidwa, kapena maulendo ena atha kuletsedwa chifukwa cha nyengo. Zosintha zilizonse, chonde pitani pa tsamba lovomerezeka la Santa Maria del Mar: http://www.santamariadelmarbar Barcelona.org/home/.

Kwa ana azaka 6-8, maulendo awa ndi aulere, magulu ena a alendo ayenera kugula tikiti. Ndalama zonse zomwe amalandila kuchokera kumaulendo apita kukabwezeretsa ntchito ndi ntchito yolimbikira kutchalitchicho.

Maulendo padenga

Kukwera padenga la nyumbayi, alendo angapeze malo ake onse okondana kwambiri ndikuyamikira kumangidwe kwake, komanso kusilira mawonekedwe osangalatsa a Barcelona. Pali mapulogalamu awiri: athunthu (55 mphindi - 1 ora) ndikufupikitsidwa (Mphindi 40).

Mitengo yathunthu yamatikiti:

• akuluakulu - 10 €,
• kwa ophunzira ndi opuma pantchito opitirira zaka 65, komanso mamembala a anthu opitilira 9 - 8.50 €.

Mtengo wamatikiti a pulogalamu yochepetsedwa:

• akuluakulu - 8.50 €;
• kwa ophunzira ndi opuma pantchito opitirira zaka 65 - 7 €.

Madzulo Santa Maria del Mar

Paulendo uwu ndi theka la ola limodzi, alendo amatha kuwona kotheratu ngodya zonse za tchalitchi ndikumvera mbiri yake. Kukwera kupyola nsanjazo mpaka madenga osiyanasiyana, alendo samangoyang'ana pafupi ndi zomangidwe za nyumbayo, komanso amawona misewu yopapatiza ya El Born, nyumba zazikulu za Suite Velha, komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a 360º a Barcelona usiku.

Mtengo wamatikiti:

• akuluakulu 17.50 €;
• kwa ophunzira, opuma pantchito, komanso mamembala a magulu a anthu opitilira 10 - € 15.50.

Mitengo yonse m'nkhaniyi ndi ya October 2019.

Malangizo Othandiza

1. Kuti mukayendere tchalitchichi, muyenera kusankha zovala zanu - ziyenera kufanana ndi malo opatulika. Makabudula, masiketi afupiafupi, nsonga zopanda manja ndizovala zosayenera ngakhale nyengo yotentha kwambiri.
2. Tchalitchichi chimakhala ndi zokumvekera bwino kwambiri ndipo chimakonza zoimbaimba kumapeto kwa sabata. Mutha kuwachezera kwaulere. Koma muyenera kukhala ndi ndalama nanu, popeza ogwira nawo ntchito amatolera ndalama zothandizira kukonza tchalitchili. Mutha kupereka kuchuluka kulikonse, ndipo kukana zopereka ndi chisonyezo chakumva kukoma.
3. Aliyense amene ali ndi chidwi ndi kachisi wa Santa Maria del Mar mosakayikira angakonde buku la wolemba waku Spain Idelfonso Falcones "Cathedral of St. Mary". Bukuli lidasindikizidwa mu 2006 ndipo lidakhala logulitsa kwambiri, lomasuliridwa m'zilankhulo 30.

Ulendo woyendetsedwa kudera la Born (Ribera) komanso mbiri yosangalatsa yokhudza Santa Maria del Mar:

Onerani kanemayo: Ramon Mirabet - Begin Again Live in Barcelona, Basílica de Santa Maria del Mar 21122019 (July 2024).