Panagia Sumela ku Turkey: momwe chithunzi chozizwitsa chimathandizira
Panagia Sumela ndi amodzi mwa nyumba zakale kwambiri zomwe zili kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Turkey, 48 km kuchokera mumzinda wa Trabzon. Chosiyana ndi zovuta, choyambirira, chiri m'mbiri yakale, yomwe ili ndi zaka zopitilira 16. Chochititsa chidwi ndi njira yomweyi yopangira Panagia Sumela: nyumbayi idasemedwa m'miyala pamtunda wopitilira 300 m pamwamba pamadzi. Kuphatikiza apo, kwazaka zambiri makoma a malo opatulikawa anali ndi chithunzi chozizwitsa cha Amayi a Mulungu "Odigitria Sumelskaya", pomwepo kachisiyo adamupatsa dzina.
Pali nthano yonena kuti chithunzicho ndi nkhope ya Namwali chidapangidwa ndi Woyera wa Luke, woyang'anira woyera wa ojambula ndi madotolo. Amakhulupirira kuti mtumwiyu kangapo konse adawona machiritso mozizwitsa omwe Yesu Khristu adapereka kwa ochimwa m'moyo wake wapadziko lapansi. Luka Woyera adalembanso umodzi wa Mauthenga Abwino omwe adakalipo mpaka lero, ndipo ndiye wojambula zithunzi woyamba.
Ngati mumva za chithunzi cha Panagia Sumela koyamba ndipo simudziwa zomwe akupempherera, muyenera kudziwa kuti pemphero la Hodegetria Sumelskaya limathandizira kuchiritsa matenda angapo. Makamaka amayi omwe ali ndi vuto lokhala ndi pakati amatembenukira kwa iwo.
Kapangidwe kakang'ono ngati Panagia Sumela ndiwofunika osati pakati pa Akhristu okha, komanso pakati pa ena azikhulupiriro zina. Alendo ena amabwera ku nyumba ya amonke kuchokera kumatawuni aku Turkey, kwa ena kukopa kumakhala cholinga chachikulu chaulendo wawo wopita kudzikoli. Ndipo ngakhale zipinda zamkati zamakachisi sizikongoletsedwanso ndi utoto waluso waku Byzantine ndi zokongoletsera, zomwe zidawonongedwa mopanda chifundo ndi owononga nthawi, nyumbayo idakwanitsa kusunga mawonekedwe ake abwino komanso opatulika.
Zolemba zakale
Pambuyo pa imfa ya St. Luke, chithunzi cha Panagia Sumela chidasungidwa mosamala ndi Agiriki kwanthawi yayitali, omwe adamaliza kachisiyo mu tchalitchi mumzinda wa Thebes. Panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Theodosius Woyamba, Amayi a Mulungu adawonekera kwa wansembe waku Atene, akumulimbikitsa iye ndi mphwake kuti apereke miyoyo yawo ku monasticism. Kenako, potenga mayina atsopano a Barnabius ndi Sophronius, atalamulidwa ndi Amayi a Mulungu, adapita kukachisi wa Thebes, nakauza ansembe akumaloko za vumbulutso lomwe lidachitika, pambuyo pake nduna ziwapatsa chithunzi. Kenako, pamodzi ndi nkhope yozizwitsa, adalowera kum'mawa ku phiri la Mela, komwe mu 386 adamanga nyumba ya amonke.
Podziwa momwe chithunzi cha Panagia Sumela chimathandizira ndi kuchiritsa kozizwitsa komwe amabweretsa, amwendamnjira ochokera kumayiko aku Europe adayamba kuyendera nyumba ya amonkeyo isanamalize. Ngakhale kutchuka kwa tchalitchiko komanso kupezeka, anthu owononga amayesa kulanda kangapo. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kudachitika kunyumba ya amonke kumapeto kwa zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi, pomwe achifwamba adalanda malo opembedzera ambiri, koma chithunzi cha Namwali chidatha kupulumuka. Pakati pa zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiwiri, nyumba ya amonke idakonzedweratu ndipo amwendamnjira ambiri adabwereranso.
Munthawi ya Trebizond Empire (boma lachi Greek Orthodox lomwe lidakhazikitsidwa boma la Byzantium litagwa), Monastery ya Panagia Sumela idakumana nayo pachimake. M'nthawi kuyambira zaka za m'ma 13 mpaka 15. wolamulira aliyense amateteza kachisi, kukulitsa katundu wake ndikupatsanso mphamvu zatsopano. Ngakhale atagonjetsa Ottoman m'dera la Black Sea, nyumba ya amonke ya Panagia Sumela idalandira mwayi wochuluka kuchokera ku padishahs aku Turkey ndipo amawawona ngati osatheka. Izi zidapitilira mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20.
Ndipo nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse itayamba, amonkewo adachoka kunyumba ya amonke, yomwe idalandidwa ndi owononga aku Turkey. Pafupifupi zojambula pakhoma zonse zidawonongedwa, ndipo nkhope zoyera zambiri zidakutidwa. Koma m'monke m'modzi adakwanitsabe kubisa chithunzicho: ndunayo idakwanitsa kuyiyika pansi. Kokha mu 1923 kachisiyu adakumbidwa ndikupita ku Greece, komwe amakusungabe mpaka pano. Lero, agulupa sakugwira ntchito, koma izi sizimayimitsa alendo ambiri aku Turkey, ndipo akuphunzira mwachidwi malo ovomerezeka achi Orthodox.
Kapangidwe ka nyumba ya amonke
Panagia Sumela ku Turkey ili ndi nyumba zingapo zazikulu ndi zazing'ono, momwe mungawone Stone Church, hotelo komwe amwendamnjira ankakhalako, zipinda za amonke, laibulale, khitchini ndi tchalitchi. Panjira yopita ku nyumba ya amonke pali kasupe wofooka, momwe madzi ochokera akasupe am'mapiri amasungidwa masiku akale. Amati amatha kuchiritsa matenda ambiri.
Pakatikati pa nyumba ya amonke ndi phanga pathanthwe, kamodzi kamamangidwanso kukhala tchalitchi. Mu zokongoletsa zake zakunja ndi zamkati, zotsalira za fresco zasungidwa, zomwe maziko ake ndi nkhani zochokera m'Baibulo. M'matchalitchi ena, mutha kuwona zithunzi zosafafanizidwa za Namwali ndi Khristu. Pafupi ndi nyumbayi pali ngalande yomwe kale inkapereka nyumba ya amonke ndi madzi. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapangidwa ndi zipilala zingapo, zomwe zidabwezeretsedwa bwino pantchito yobwezeretsa.
A Vandals sanakwanitse kuwononga kachisiyu chifukwa choti nyumba zambiri zotsalira za nyumba ya amonke zidakokedwa m'miyala, osaziponya pamiyala. Kuyambira 2010, pakukakamizidwa kwa Ecumenical Patriarch, ntchito yamulungu yakhala ikuchitika mnyumba ya amonke iyi ku Turkey pa Ogasiti 28 iliyonse polemekeza Amayi a Mulungu.
Momwe mungafikire kumeneko
Monastery ya Panagia Sumela, yomwe zithunzi zake zikuwonetseratu ukulu wake, ili kudera lamapiri akutali kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Turkey. Mutha kufika apa m'njira zitatu zosiyanasiyana. Njira yosavuta ingakhale kugula ulendo wowonera malo kuchokera ku bungwe loyendera ku Trabzon. Bungweli likupatsani basi yomwe ingakufikitseni komwe mukupita ndikubwerera. Kuphatikiza apo, mudzatsagana ndi wowongolera, omwe apangitsa kuti ulendo wanu wokopa ukhale wosangalatsa komanso wophunzitsa. Mtengo waulendo wotere umayamba kuchokera ku 60 TL.
Ngati mukufuna kupita ku Panagia Sumela nokha, ndiye kuti mukufunika kuyitanitsa taxi kapena kubwereka galimoto. Mtengo wokwera taxi ukhala osachepera 150 TL. Mutha kubwereka galimoto yamagulu azachuma kuchokera ku 145 TL patsiku. Tengani msewu wa E 97 mpaka mukafike pa chikwangwani cha Maçka ndikusintha mapiri mpaka mukafike kokwerera. Mosasamala kanthu komwe mungasankhe, muyenera kuyenda pafupifupi 2 km kutsetsereka phiri kuchokera pamalo oimikapo magalimoto kupita kukachisi.
Yerekezerani mitengo ya malo ogwiritsira ntchito Fomu iyi
Zambiri zothandiza
- Adilesiyi: Altındere Mahallesi, Altındere Vadisi, 61750 Machka / Trabzon, Turkey.
- Maola ogwira ntchito: munyengo yachilimwe nyumba ya amonke imatsegulidwa kuyambira 09:00 mpaka 19:00, nthawi yozizira - kuyambira 08:00 mpaka 16:00.
- Malipiro olowera: 25 TL.
Malangizo Othandiza
- Onetsetsani kuti muzivala nsapato zamasewera mukamapita kunyumba ya amonke iyi ku Turkey. Kupatula apo, muyenera kugunda mtunda wamakilomita awiri kudera lamapiri.
- Musaiwale kubwera ndi madzi. Kumbukirani kuti pali cafe yomwe ili pansi pa phirilo. Ndizotheka kuti tizakudya tating'onoting'ono tating'ono sangakupweteketseni.
- Sinthani ndalama zanu Latsopano Turkey Lira pasadakhale. Pokopa, ndalama zimalandiridwa pamlingo wosavomerezeka.
- Kumbukirani kuti m'mapiri kutentha kwam'mlengalenga kumakhala kotsika, chifukwa chake mukamanyamuka, onetsetsani kuti mwatenga zovala zotentha.
- Pakadali pano, nyumba ya amonke ya Panagia Sumela ku Turkey ikukonzedwanso, yomwe ikhala mpaka kumapeto kwa 2019. Koma zokopa ndizoyenera kuziwona patali.
