Coimbra - likulu la ophunzira ku Portugal
Coimbra (Portugal) ndi umodzi mwamizinda yokongola kwambiri ku Europe, yomwe chizindikiro chake ndi yunivesite yakale kwambiri mdzikolo, yomangidwa mzaka za 13th. Ndizotheka kunena kuti uwu ndi mtundu wa Oxford waku Portugal, wopanda maholide osangalatsa komanso miyambo yakuya.
Zina zambiri
Coimbra ndi mzinda womwe uli pakatikati pa dzikolo wokhala ndi anthu 105 zikwi. M'mbuyomu, mzindawu unali likulu la Portugal, koma tsopano umadziwika ndi umodzi mwasukulu zakale kwambiri ku Europe, womwe umakhala gawo lalikulu la Coimbra.
Mzindawu ndi likulu la oyang'anira a Coimbra County, omwe amakhala ndi midzi 17. Ponseponse, chigawochi chimakhala anthu pafupifupi 440,000.
Ponena za malaya amchigawo cha Coimbra, ndizachilendo ku Portugal: kumanja kuli kambuku wa Alan, yemwe ndi chizindikiro cha Alans, anthu ochokera ku Scythian-Sarmatian.
Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti limodzi la magulu a anthuwa linadzutsa Ossetiya ndi Caucasus. Anthu aku Norway ndi ku Iceland nawonso adachokera ku Alans. Achipwitikizi ali otsimikiza kuti anthuwa ali ndi mizu yofanana ndi nzika za Coimbra.
Coimbra imatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri. Upper Town ndi chigawo chakale chokhala ndi mbiri yakale, yozunguliridwa ndi khoma lakale. "Nizhniy Gorod" ndi malo akuluakulu okhala ndi zomangamanga zamakono.
University ndi Library ya Coimbra
Coimbra University ndiye sukulu yakale kwambiri komanso yayikulu kwambiri yamaphunziro ku Portugal, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ku Lisbon ku 1290. Kwa zaka mazana angapo, idayenda kuchokera mumzinda umodzi kupita kumzake, ndipo "idakhazikika" ku Coimbra kokha mu 1537.
Kuyambira zaka zana mpaka zana, yunivesite idakulirakulira, ndipo pamapeto pake idayamba kukhala gawo lalikulu la Coimbra. Masiku ano, magulu onse oyang'anira ndi masukulu ali m'malo osiyanasiyana a Coimbra ndipo amakhala m'malo a nyumba zakale, zomwe zina mwazipangidwe zomangamanga zofunikira padziko lonse lapansi. Tiyenera kunena kuti yunivesite yomweyi yakhala ikutetezedwa ndi UNESCO kuyambira 2013.
Masiku ano, University of Coimbra ili ndi mphamvu za 8 (zazikulu kwambiri ndi masamu, mankhwala ndi malamulo) ndi masukulu a 4. Yunivesite ndi mtsogoleri wodziwika pantchito zamaphunziro ku Portugal, chifukwa asayansi ambiri amaphunzitsidwa ku yunivesite: algebra, geometry, nzeru, umakaniko, uinjiniya, zilankhulo zosiyanasiyana.
Monga m'mabungwe ena ambiri ophunzira payokha, ophunzira ku University of Coimbra akuyenera kuvala yunifolomu: mikanjo yakuda yokhala ndi maliboni amitundu yambiri. Mwa njira, nthiti ilibe ntchito yokongoletsera konse: mtundu wake umatanthawuza luso lomwe wophunzira akuphunzira, ndipo nambalayo ikutanthauza chaka chophunzirira.
Ndiyeneranso kutchula miyambo yosangalatsa: pambuyo pa mayeso a Meyi, ophunzira onse amawotcha nthiti zawo, motero amakondwerera kuyamba kwa tchuthi cha chilimwe.
Laibulale
Monga m'masukulu ambiri akale, University of Coimbra ili ndi laibulale - imodzi mwazakale kwambiri komanso zazikulu kwambiri ku Europe. Kapangidwe kake kanayamba kale mu 1717, molamulidwa ndi King João V.
Nyumbayi idapangidwa kale kalembedwe ka Baroque ndipo ili ndi maholo akulu atatu. Makoma a malo onse a laibulaleyi ali ndi mashelufu akale amtengo, pomwe pamapezeka mabuku ndi zolembedwa pamanja (pali pafupifupi 35,000, ndipo zonsezi zidasindikizidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 19).
Mutha kufika ku laibulale pokhapo pangano. Nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito mkati ndiyochepa ndipo kujambula sikuletsedwa.
Webusaiti yathu ya yunivesite: https://visit.uc.pt/pt.
Zowoneka
Aliyense amadziwa kuti yunivesite ndi laibulale ndizizindikiro za Coimbra. Komabe, ndi anthu ochepa chabe omwe amaganiza za zowonera zina ku Portuguese Coimbra. Mndandanda wa malo osangalatsa kwambiri waperekedwa pansipa.
Tchalitchi ndi Msonkhano wa Holy Cross (Santa Cruz)
Tchalitchi chogwira ntchito ndi nyumba za amonke ku Santa Cruz sizinthu zomangamanga zokha komanso zomangamanga za Coimbra, komanso manda a mafumu aku Portugal, omwe ali pakatikati pa Lower City. Amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi okongola kwambiri osati ku Portugal kokha, komanso ku Europe konse.
Tchalitchichi ndi nyumba za amonke zinamangidwa mu Manueline, motero zimakopa chidwi cha alendo onse a Coimbra: zipilala za nyumbazi ndizokongoletsedwa bwino ndi stuko, ziboliboli za oyera mtima zili m'mabwalo, ndipo tchalitchicho chili ndi mchenga wachilendo.
Mkati mwake, kachisiyo ndi wokongola kwambiri: masana amawala m'mawindo amitundu yamagalasi, ndipo pakati pa holoyo pali chiwalo chakale.
Ngakhale ali ndi zaka zambiri, chida choimbirachi chimagwiritsidwabe ntchito chifuniro chake.
- Adilesi yokopa: Praca 8 de Maio, Coimbra 3000-300, Portugal.
- Maola otsegulira: Lachiwiri-Sat 11: 30-16: 00, Dzuwa 14: 00-17: 00; Lolemba ndi tsiku lopuma.
- Mtengo: 3 euros.
- Webusayiti: https://igrejascruz.webnode.pt.
Werengani komanso: Zosangalatsa pa doko la Setubal ku Portugal - ndikoyenera kuyendera mzindawu.
Cathedral Yakale ya Coimbra
Tchalitchi chakale cha Coimbra chili pakatikati pa mzindawu ndipo kwazaka zambiri zakhala zikukopa alendo ndi mawonekedwe ake achilendo: mawindo osema, zipilala zazitali komanso mabwalo okongola. Mkati mwa makoma a tchalitchicho muli utoto wokhala ndi zithunzi zokongola, pali chiwalo. Pa chipinda chachiwiri, mutha kupita kudera laling'ono lotseguka loyang'ana padenga la mzindawo. Pafupi ndi malo opatulikawa pali munda wokongola komanso amodzi mwamabwalo akuluakulu ku Coimbra.
Kachisiyu adamangidwa m'zaka za zana la 12, ndipo mu 2013 adaphatikizidwa ndi UNESCO Cultural Heritage List. Kuyambira pamenepo, kutchuka kwa malowa kwawonjezeka kangapo.
- Malo okopa alendo: Largo da Sé Velha, 3000-306 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Maola otseguka: 10: 00-17: 30, Dzuwa ndi tchuthi chachipembedzo - 11: 00-17: 00.
- Kulowera: 2.5 €.
Malo otchedwa Mondego Park (Parque Verde do Mondego)
Mondego Park ndi malo okongoletsa bwino oyenda komanso kupumula, omwe ali m'mbali mwa mtsinje. Kudera lobiriwira kuli mabenchi ambiri ndi mabenchi komwe Chipwitikizi nthawi zambiri chimapuma, chifukwa nyengo ku Coimbra imakhala yotentha nthawi zonse. Ngati inunso mwatopa, ndiye kuti mutha kufalitsa kalipeti bwinobwino ndi kupumula paudzu kapena kukhala ndi pikisiki - khalidweli ndilolandiridwa.
Paki pali msewu wokhala ndi mabasi a anthu otchuka, ndipo kuno kumamera zomera zosangalatsa, zomwe, mothandizidwa ndi wamaluwa, zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo. Pali kasupe pakatikati pa mtsinje chilimwe.
Palibe vuto ndi chakudya mwina: pali malo odyera ambiri, malo omwera ndi malo ogulitsira zokumbutsa.
- Kumalo: Avenida da Lousa - Parque Verde, Coimbra, Portugal.
Ang'ono portugal
Paki yaying'onoyo ili m'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Mondego, m'tawuni yatsopano. Malo achilendowa akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: gawo loyambirira lachiwonetserochi ladzipereka pakupeza oyendetsa sitima achi Portuguese, lachiwiri - kuwonera kwa Coimbra ndi dziko lonse, ndipo lachitatu - kumudzi waku Portugal. Pamalo awa mutha kuphunzira chilichonse chokhudza moyo ku Portugal, zakale komanso zamasiku ano.
Ngati mukuyenda ndi mwana, kuyendera pakiyi ndikofunikira: pali nyumba zazing'ono zambiri, komanso masks oseketsa omwe angagwirizane ndi kukoma kwa mwana wanu.
- Malo Okopa: Jardim do Portugal dos Pequenitos, Coimbra 3040-202, Portugal.
- Maola otseguka: kuyambira Okutobala 16 mpaka Seputembara 28/29 - kuyambira 10 mpaka 17, kuyambira Marichi mpaka kumapeto kwa Meyi komanso kuyambira Seputembara 16 mpaka Okutobala 15 - kuyambira 10 mpaka 19, kuyambira Juni mpaka Seputembara 15 - kuyambira 9 mpaka 20.
- Mtengo: kwa akulu - 10 €, kwa ana (azaka 3-13) ndi okalamba (65+) - 6 €.
- Webusaiti yathu: www.fbb.pt.
8 Meyi Square (Praça Oito de Maio)
Bwalo la Oito de Maio ndi amodzi mwamabwalo akuluakulu aku University ku Coimbra ndipo lili pakatikati pa Old Town, pafupi ndi Church of the Holy Cross. Awa ndi malo owoneka bwino pomwe Apwitikizi ndi alendo amabwera madzulo. Mwa njira, malowa amatha kuwoneka pazithunzi zambiri zomwe zatengedwa ku Coimbra.
Titha kunena bwinobwino kuti malowa ndiye likulu la moyo wamderalo. Pali malo ambiri odyera, malo odyera, malo omwera komanso malo ogulitsira pano. Ndipo kumapeto kwa sabata, kuli msika wakomweko komwe alimi aku Portugal amagulitsa malonda awo.
Mudzakhala ndi chidwi ndi: Chapel chopangidwa ndi mafupa amunthu komanso zokopa zina za Evora.
Science Museum
Pali malo ambiri owonetsera zakale m'chigawo cha University of Coimbra, imodzi mwazo ndi sayansi. Awa ndi malo odabwitsa, chifukwa apa aliyense amatha kumverera ngati wasayansi wodziwa zambiri ndikuyesera zingapo /
Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imakhalanso ndi ziwonetsero zingapo zopangidwira fizikiya, zinyama, geology, mineralogy.
Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: yoyamba (yakale) ndi yachiwiri (yamakono). Ziwonetsero zakale zimaperekedwa mu gawo "lakale" lanyumbayi, ndipo nyumbayo, yomwe idamangidwa m'zaka za zana la 16, imagwira gawo lofunikira.
Gawo lamakono lokopa linamangidwa posachedwa, ndipo apa ndi pomwe alendo amaloledwa kuchita zoyeserera.
Pali malo ogulitsira zikumbutso ndi kafe kakang'ono pafupi ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale.
- Kumalo: Largo Marques de Pombal, Coimbra 3000-272, Portugal.
- Maola otseguka: kuyambira 9: 00 mpaka 13: 00 komanso kuyambira 14: 00 mpaka 17: 00 tsiku lililonse, kupatula patchuthi chovomerezeka cha dziko.
- Mtengo: 5 €, kuchotsera kumapezeka kwa ana, ophunzira komanso okalamba.
Ndende yamaphunziro ya Coimbra
Ndende ya University of Coimbra Academic idapangidwa makamaka kwa ophunzira opulupudza. Mwachilungamo, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti malowa sali ngati ndende yodziwika bwino, chifukwa zina mwazovuta zomwe timangodziwa kuti kulibe mawindo komanso chitsulo cholowera. Ponena za ena onse, "zipinda za ndende" zikufanana ndi hotelo yakale yazaka za 16-17.
Lero, kudera la ndende yakale, kuli malo owonera zakale omwe mungayende kuzungulira m'ndendemo ndikuwona momwe amndende ankakhalira.
- Komwe mungapeze mfundo yosangalatsa: Largo da Porta Ferrea - Foyer da Biblioteca Geral | Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra 3040-202, Portugal.
- Maola otseguka: 9:00 - 19:00.
Momwe mungafikire ku Coimbra
Njira zoyendera ku Portugal zakula bwino, chifukwa chake sizovuta konse kuchoka mumzinda umodzi kupita ku wina.
Mutha kufika ku Coimbra kuchokera ku Lisbon ndi:
- Basi
Pali njira ziwiri zopita ku Coimbra. Yoyamba imayamba pa siteshoni yamabasi ku Lisboa Sete Rios ndipo imathera ku Coimbra stop.
Mabasi amasiya mphindi 15-30 zilizonse (nthawi zina zidutswa 2-3 nthawi yomweyo) kuyambira 7:00 mpaka 23:30. Nthawi yoyenda ndi maola 2 mphindi 20. Onyamula - Rede Expressos ndi Citi Express. Mtengo wa tikiti yathunthu ndi 13.8 € (Novembala 2017). Matikiti angagulidwe pa rede-expressos.pt.
Ngati njira yoyamba siyoyenera pazifukwa zina, ndiye kuti mutha kusankha yachiwiri: poyambira ndi Martim Moniz (mzere 208). Tengani basi ya Carris Lisboa kuchokera pamenepo kupita ku siteshoni ya Lisboa Oriente. Kenako, pitani ku basi ya Auto Viacao do Tamega. Tengani kuchokera poyimilira Lisboa Oriente kupita ku Coimbra. Nthawi yoyenda - 4 maola 40 mphindi. Mtengo waulendo wonse udzawononga € 16-25.
- Pa sitima
Ngati mukufuna sitima, ndiye muyenera kuyamba ulendo wanu ndi sitima. Siteshoni Lisboa Santa Apolonia. Tengani sitima yapamtunda ya Portuguese Railways (CP) kupita ku Coimbra-B station. Nthawi yoyendera - 1 ora mphindi 45. Mitengo yamatikiti imayamba kuyambira 15 mpaka 30 €.
Yerekezerani mitengo ya malo ogwiritsira ntchito Fomu iyi
Mutha kufika ku Coimbra kuchokera ku Porto ndi:
- Basi
Pali mabasi ambiri othamanga kuchokera ku Porto (nthawi zambiri ochokera ku kampani yaku Portugal ya Rede-Expressos).
Pafupi ndi Campo 24 de Agosto, Porto metro station pali malo okwerera mabasi a Coimbra. Nthawi yoyendera - 1 ora mphindi 30. Mtengo wake ndi 12 €.
Mitengo yapano ndi mindandanda yake zitha kupezeka patsamba laonyamula rede-expressos.pt.
- Pa sitima
Kunyamuka kumachokera ku Campanh Central Station. Sitima yomaliza ndi Coimbra B (komabe, ili kutali kwambiri ndi pakati pa Coimbra, chifukwa chake kuchokera pasiteshoni imodzimodziyo mutha kukwera sitima yapamtunda ndikupita ku Coimbra A station, yomwe ili pakatikati pa mzindawu). Mtengo umasiyanasiyana kuyambira 9 mpaka 22 €, kutengera mtundu wa sitima ndi kalasi yonyamula. Nthawi yoyenda ndi maola 1.5-3. Mutha kudziwa ndandanda waposachedwa ndikugula matikiti patsamba la www.cp.pt.
Mitengo yonse patsamba lino ndi ya Epulo 2020.
Zolemba! Mndandanda wa magombe abwino kwambiri ku Portugal waperekedwa patsamba lino.
Zosangalatsa
- Kufikira gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthu a Coimbra amagwirizana ndi zomwe zikuchitika ku yunivesite: ndi ophunzira, ogwira ntchito komanso aphunzitsi.
- Mzindawu uli ndi tsamba lovomerezeka - www.cm-coimbra.pt. Imakhala ndi zambiri pazochitika ndi zokopa, ndalama, maphunziro, ndi zina zambiri.
- Mu 2004, bwalo la Coimbra lidachita masewera a European Football Championship.
- Garden Botanical Garden ndi yakale kwambiri komanso yayikulu kwambiri ku Portugal.
Coimbra (Portugal) ndi umodzi mwamizinda yokongola kwambiri ku Europe ndipo ndiyofunika kuyendera.
Momwe mzinda umawonekera kuchokera mlengalenga ndi zokopa zake zazikulu mkati - onerani kanema.