Ubwino wokonzanso mpando, njira zosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo

Popita nthawi, mipando imamasuka, imayamba kutayika ndikutaya mawonekedwe ake okongoletsa. Ichi si chifukwa chowaponyera nthawi yomweyo muzinyalala. Lolani kubwezeretsa kwa mipando ndi manja anu musawopsyeze aluso amisili - sikuli kovuta monga kumawonekera. Kubwezeretsa kudzathandiza kubwezeretsa mipando yakale kuti iwoneke momwe idagwirira ntchito.

Ubwino wodzibwezeretsa

Mukachita nawo kukonzanso mipando yakale ndi manja anu, mutha kupanga zinthu zatsopano, zaluso zenizeni. Kuphatikiza apo, zidzawononga ndalama zochepa kuposa kugula chinthu chatsopano. Kuti musinthe mpando wamatabwa ndi nsana, sizitenga zida zambiri, zida, nthawi.

Ubwino wobwezeretsa:

1. N'zotheka kubwezeretsanso mipando yazaka zapitazi, zomwe lero sizikugwirizana ndi kapangidwe ka nyumbayo. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zatsopano kumathandizira kuzisintha kuti zizigwirizana ndi nyumba zamakono.
2. Kutha kusintha kapangidwe kake ndi kapangidwe kake pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yakuda kapena yowonekera, zojambula kapena zopangira.
3. Ngakhale mbuye wopanda chidziwitso wopanda chidziwitso chapadera ndi luso amatha kusintha mipando yakale.
4. Kusunga. Kubwezeretsa ukadaulo kwa mipando yakale ndiokwera mtengo, chifukwa chake ngati mukufuna, mutha kugwira ntchitoyi nokha pamtengo wotsika.

Nthawi zambiri, zopangidwa kuchokera ku mitengo yamtengo wapatali zimasinthidwa. Mu mipando yakale yosowa, miyendo yosemedwa ndi nsana zimabwezeretsedwanso, nsalu zokongoletsera zimasinthidwa, komanso chimango chimalimbikitsidwanso. Chinthu chachikulu sikuti chiwonongeko chovalacho pakutha kwa mipando yachikale, chifukwa izi zidzachepetsa kwambiri mtengo wake.

Kubwezeretsa chopondapo kukhitchini kumaphatikizapo kusintha mipando, kupaka miyendo kapena kusoka nsalu zokutira. Mipando imatha kusinthidwa m'njira ziwiri:

1. Ngati pamwamba pa chopondapo sichinawonongeke, popanda zolakwika zowonekera, ndiye kuti ndikwanira kuchotsa nsalu zakale, kupukutira, kutsuka nkhuni, ndikukongoletsa mpando.
2. Ngati pali ming'alu kapena tchipisi tating'onoting'ono pamwamba pake, amakonzedwa ndi matabwa kapena guluu. Pakakhala kuwonongeka kwakukulu, zinthu za mipando zimafuna kusintha kwathunthu.

Kubwezeretsa mpando wapamwamba kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wofanana ndi wa munthu wamkulu. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kulabadira kwambiri zinthu zina zowonjezera. Ayenera kulimbikitsidwa kuti mwana atetezeke.

Muthanso kukonza zotchinga bar. Mitengo yamatabwa, yazitsulo, komanso mitundu ya rattan imatha kubwezeretsedwanso.

Kuti mipando yamatabwa iwoneke yosangalatsa mukakonzanso, imatha kukongoletsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana:

1. Zojambulajambula - mitundu yautoto imagwiritsidwa ntchito pampando wokonzedwanso ndi burashi.
2. Decoupage - gluing odulidwa zithunzi kuchokera pamapepala a mapepala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito guluu ndi varnish kwa iwo.
3. Kanema wodziyimira pawokha - wachikuda komanso wotsanzira nkhuni zachilengedwe atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
4. Craquelure ndi ukadaulo wopanga zinthu zakale. Pogwira ntchito, mufunika pulasitala wapadera, varnish kapena utoto.
5. Kujambula pafupipafupi.

Mpando wakale, wosweka umakhala wowoneka mwatsopano komanso wowoneka bwino ngati veneer walumikizidwa pamwamba ndikuwunikidwa.

Kusankha zida

Zinthu zosankhidwa molondola sizidzangobwezeretsa mpando, komanso kupanga zokongoletsa, mipando yapadera. Kuti mupeze chinthu chapamwamba kwambiri, muyenera kusankha mosamala pamsika. Ngakhale zili zotsika mtengo, zikhala zotetezeka kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito nsalu zachilengedwe, zachilengedwe komanso ma hypoallergenic.

Kuti muchepetse

Nsalu zapamwamba zimasankhidwa malinga ndi zomwe amakonda komanso zomwe amakonda. Komabe, musaiwale kuti zinthu zingapo zimakhudza kulimba kwa nkhaniyo. Ngati m'nyumba muli nyama, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito gulu lanyama, zingwe zazing'ono kapena zotchingira mipando. Palibe malupu pakuluka kwa nsalu izi, chifukwa chake zikhadabo za amphaka ndi agalu sizingang'ambe chinsalu. Kuphatikiza pa izi, mipando imakokedwa ndi velor yaying'ono, zikopa zopangira, tapestry kapena jacquard. Nsalu zina sizothandiza kwenikweni.

Chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo, sikuti aliyense angagwiritse ntchito zikopa zachilengedwe pokongoletsa mipando. Pakadali pano, ndichinthu cholimba, chodalirika chomwe chimakhala chosavuta kusamalira. Zimakwanira mkati mwake: zachikale, zamaluwa, zotsogola komanso zina zokongoletsa. Zoyipa zamipando yachikopa zimaphatikizaponso chiopsezo chake pakuwonongeka mwangozi ndi zinthu zakuthwa, komanso kuvuta kochotsa zikwangwani ndi zolembera.

Mipando yokhala ndi zikopa zopangira mumchenga, buluu, zobiriwira, zofiira ziziwoneka bwino. Saopa chinyezi, atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala kukhitchini. Zoyipa zakuthupi: silingalole kusintha kwa kutentha, imatha mphamvu ikakhala padzuwa.

Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito chenille, gulu lankhondo, jacquard yochokera ku guluu kapena suede yabodza pamipando yakhitchini. Lero, nsalu za Arpatek ndi Alcantara zikufunika kwambiri. Akatswiri amalangiza kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosakanikirana ndi mipando ya kukhitchini, yomwe imakhala ndi ulusi wopangira komanso wachilengedwe.

Pampando wa pabalaza, zida zimasankhidwa kutengera mkati mwenimweni mwa nyumbayo komanso zofuna za mwini nyumbayo. Izi zitha kukhala: tapestry, silika, satini, chikopa, leatherette, velvet kapena zamtengo wapatali. Zovala zamipando yapa tebulo zimasankhidwa kutengera mkati mwa chipinda chogona. Ikhoza kukhala yosavuta kapena yamitundu. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizikongoletsa ndi zikopa, zikopa, gulu lanyama, ma tapestry, velor kapena jacquard.

Nkhani iliyonse ili ndi zabwino zake ndi zovuta zake. Mwachitsanzo, zovekera ziweto ndizosavuta kuyeretsa kuposa zopangira nsalu.

Mutha kusinthanso chipinda chofewa pogwiritsa ntchito mphira wa thovu kapena thovu la polyurethane foam (PPU). Moyo wautumiki wa malonda umadalira kachulukidwe kazakudzaza. Thovu labala ndi magwiridwe antchito amatha kupilira katundu wosunthika komanso wosasunthika kwa zaka 5-15. Ndi hypoallergenic, yotetezeka. Anagulitsidwa m'mapepala - 1 x 2 mita. Kuti mankhwalawa akhale ofewa, mphira wa thovu uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopitilira 30-35 kg / m². Pansi plywood, ndibwino kuti musankhe zinthu zokhala ndi makulidwe a masentimita 10. Ngati mpando wokhala ndi backrest, ndiye kuti makulidwe akewo ndi masentimita 3-5. Pobwezeretsa mipando ya ana, gwiritsani ntchito zopangira mphira zotsika kwambiri mpaka 25 kg / m3 (2520, 2220, 1820, 1620).

Posachedwa, pakhala pali chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe pobwezeretsa mipando yakale: mpukutu kapena pepala copra, udzu wouma wanyanja, burlap.

Kusintha chimango

Msika wa zomangamanga umapereka utoto wambiri, zopangira, ma glazes ndi ma varnishi obwezeretsa mipando ndi manja anu. Muyenera kudziwa kuti zokutira za enamel zili ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana:

• akiliriki - pangani chovala cholimba, chotanuka chomwe chimatha zaka zitatu, sichitha, sichitha. Zimatenga maola 24 kuti utoto uume;
• alkyd - utoto wophatikizika umaphatikizapo varnish, yomwe imatenga maola 48-72 kuti iume. Coating kuyanika kumateteza chimango ku chinyezi, kuvunda, kumva kuwawa;
• polyurethane - kuteteza motsutsana ndi madzi, makina ndi kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala. Musanagwiritse ntchito utoto, chimango chimachiritsidwa ndi zosungunulira.

Kuti mukhale ndi mpando wakale ndi manja anu, muyenera kufotokoza mawonekedwe ake. Izi zitha kukhala zopangidwa ndi thundu, paini, phulusa, mtedza kapena larch waku Siberia. Njira zotsatirazi zikulimbikitsidwa pa "ukalamba":

1. Kutsuka. Kuti apereke mpumulo wochuluka, maburashi apadera azitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amachotsa matabwa apamwamba. Kutsuka pamipando kumachitidwa mozama osapitirira 2-4 mm, ndiye kuti pamwamba pake imachiritsidwa ndi sandpaper yabwino yokutidwa ndi banga, varnish, sera, utoto, glaze kapena patina.
2. Kuthimbirira. Kapangidwe kake kamagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi burashi m'magawo awiri. Pambuyo kuyanika, pamwamba pa mpando varnished magawo awiri. Pamapeto pake, zinthu zamchenga ndipo mchenga womaliza umagwiritsidwa ntchito.
3. Kulira. Pogwiritsa ntchito lusoli ndikofunikira kukonzekera mastic: 50 ml wa turpentine, 100 g wa sera, 25 g wa rosin. Pamalo opukutidwa amaphatikizidwa ndi kapangidwe kamene kamaphatikizapo 100 g ya timbewu tonunkhira, 0,5 l wa mafuta a masamba, 10 g wa angelica, 10 g wa burdock. Iyenera kulowetsedwa masiku 10-14 zisanachitike. Pambuyo polowera mkatikati mwa matabwa, m'pofunika kuyikapo ndi mastic yokonzeka.

Kusintha kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonza matabwa. Mutha kupeza mitundu yotsatsa iyi:

1. Phala wonenepa (patina). Imapaka matabwa kuchokera ku chikaso mpaka kufiyira.
2. Madzi patina pamadzi kapena pamaziko opanga. Mitundu yabwino yazopangidwayo imapatsa mankhwalawa mawonekedwe owala.
3. Varnish yamaso. Pambuyo ntchito yake analandira a kuyanika ndi zotsatira mng'alu (craquelure).

Acrylic, sera, shellac ndi mafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zotsatira za mipando yakale.

Malo amatabwa ayenera kusamalidwa bwino asanajambule. Pasapezeke ming'alu kapena tchipisi pa iwo. Pofuna kuthetsa ming'alu yakuya, matabwa a matabwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ikhoza kukhala gawo limodzi (lokhala ndi madzi ndi alkyd binder) ndi zigawo ziwiri (ndi putty ndi hardener). Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito chisakanizo chowonekera chomwe sichimawononga matabwa akauma.

Kuti mudzaze zolakwika zazing'ono ndi zokopa, muyenera kusakaniza utuchi wawung'ono ndi guluu la PVA, gruel yomwe imadzaza kudzaza ming'aluyo.

Mutha kukongoletsa chimango chamatabwa kapena chachitsulo ndi ma napkins, zidutswa za nsalu, zithunzi za decoupage kapena kudula zojambula. Kuntchito muyenera:

• madzi okongoletsa akiliriki;
• utoto akiliriki;
• decoupage kapena guluu wa PVA;
• priming;
• Zovuta.

Mipando iyenera kujambulidwa pamalo ampweya wabwino kapena panja. Kupanda kutero, mutha kupeza poyizoni ndi zinthu zomwe zimatuluka m'madzi.

Zida zofunikira ndi zofunikira

Kuti mukonze mipando yamatabwa, choyamba muyenera kukonza zida ndi zida. Mndandanda umatengera zomwe mbuyeyo akufuna kuchita. Kuti mubwezeretse mpando wakale, mufunika:

1. Acetone, mowa, ochotsa, ogwetsa - kuchotsa varnish wakale.
2. Mipando ya thovu. Kukoka mipando kapena mipando mwachikawawa kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yayikulu 5-10 cm mulifupi ndi 2-3 masentimita ochepa.
3. Yomanga stapler. Chakudya champhamvu chimagwira nsalu yonyamulirayo mpaka chimango cha mipando.
4. Banga, choyambirira, varnish. Mapangidwe amadzimadzi amapatsa mankhwalawo mtundu winawake.
5. Zojambulajambula. Zitha kukhala ndimapangidwe achilengedwe.
6. Plywood pepala. Ngati kubwezeretsa kwa mpando kumafuna kusintha mpando, zida za 4-ply zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
7. Gulu lamtengo wamphindi. Ndi chinthu chowumitsa mwachangu chomwe chimagwira zonse pamodzi ndipo sichichedwetsa kukonza.
8. Clamping zida - clamps. Amamasula manja onse ndikukonzekera zinthu zomwe zakonzedwa pamalo ena.
9. Zinthu zakuthupi - zofunika kumapeto komaliza kwa kubwezeretsa. Kukula kwake kumadalira kukula kwa mpando womwewo.
10. Hammer, mallet, kubowola kwamagetsi, jigsaw yamagetsi, zowombetsa screwdriver.
11. Zomangira: zomangira, ngodya.

Ponena za sandpaper, imasankhidwa kutengera gawo la ntchito. Pogwiritsa ntchito mpando wamatabwa koyamba, chimanga cha P40-P60 chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikukonzekera chinthu chojambula, kukongoletsa, mufunika khungu lotchedwa P150-P180 kapena zochepa. Poyeretsa varnish kapena utoto wapakati, mtundu wa P220-P360 sandpaper umagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kukonza ndi mamangidwe a chimango

Ntchito yosinthira mipando yakale, kuikongoletsa imafunikira njira yosamalitsa komanso yolondola. Ngati mankhwalawa ndi olimba, sanaume pena paliponse, ndiye kuti sikofunika konse kuti muwaphatikize. Zidzakhala zokwanira kuti zithetse zofewa zofewa ndi kujambula ziwalozo. Koma, monga lamulo, payenera kukhala kuwonongeka pazoyimira zakale. Izi zitha kukhala zokopa, tchipisi, kukhudzika kwakanthawi ndi zopumira zina.

Msonkhano wawung'ono pakubwezeretsa mipando kwa iwo omwe sadziwa momwe angathetsere zolakwazo:

1. Kuchotsa zokopa zazing'ono, sandpaper ndi mastic amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pambuyo mchenga kuwonongeka kochepa, putty imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pambuyo maola 1.5-2 atayanika phala, pamwamba pake limatsukidwanso ndi sandpaper ndikutsegulidwa ndi varnish kapena utoto.
2. Kuti mutseke notch yayikulu, mukufunika putty, yomwe iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi spatula pakadutsako ndikuisiya iume. Kenako pukutani ndi sandpaper yabwino ndikupaka utoto.

Muthanso kubwezeretsa mpando ndi chigamba. Izi zidzafunika:

• kagawo kakang'ono ka matabwa;
• achepetsa;
• wolamulira, pensulo;
• PVA guluu;
• enamel.

Musanayambe ntchito, muyenera kukonzekera matabwa a kukula koyenera. Mitambo yomwe ili mmenemo iyenera kukhala yofanana ndi malo owonongeka. Ndiye muyenera kumata guluu kumunsi kwa chidutswacho, kutseka mphako, kuyikonza ndi clamp. Zolemba zikauma, pukutani matabwa ndi sandpaper. Mu gawo lotsatira, mutha kujambula pamipando yakale ndi enamel kapena varnish.

Varnish amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pamalo osalala. Ngati pali ming'alu, imasindikizidwa ndi putty yapadera. Pogwira ntchito, gwiritsani ntchito maburashi wamba, utoto wapadera kapena opopera.

Ngati mukufuna kukongoletsa mipando ndi njira ya decoupage, muyeneranso kuchotsa chophimba chakale. Pachifukwa ichi, mchenga umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma kuti mufulumizitse ntchitoyi, ndi bwino kusankha varnish yamadzi kapena chotsitsa utoto. Pakatha mphindi 10-15 mutagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawo amachotsedwa ndi spatula, pamwamba pake pamakhala mchenga ndikupukutidwa. Mukapeza chinthu chosalala, mutha kuyambitsa decoupage. Ngati pamwamba pa mipando ili bwino, chotsani chosanjikiza pamwamba pomwe mukukonzekera kujambula zithunzizo.

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ndege yampweya m'malo mwa madzi kuchotsa zomatira za epoxy pachimango. Ngati palibe chida chapadera, ketulo wamba amatha kukuthandizani. Payipi ndi nsonga amamangiriridwa ku spout ake ndi nkhuni kutsukidwa ndi guluu.

Mpando wa master decoupage class

Momwe mungabwezeretse mipando yakale mothandizidwa ndi kutali ndi njira yatsopano yokometsera ndikuyenera kudziwa musanayambe ntchito. Mufunika zopukutira thukuta zapadera, zidutswa za nsalu, zida zachikopa ndi zokongoletsa zina. Kuti mukonze zinthu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito guluu wa PVA ndi varnish. Mutha kukongoletsa motere osati kumbuyo ndi mpando wampando, komanso miyendo.

Gawo ndi tsatanetsatane waukadaulo pochita maluso awa:

1. Mchenga pamwamba pa mpando ndi sandpaper. Lembani ming'alu ndi putty. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwalawo ndipo, ngati mukufuna, muvale ndi utoto wokhala ndi madzi.
2. Dulani zojambula zomwe mumakonda kuchokera m'matumba. Ikani pamwamba ndikuphimba ndi guluu la PVA. Pambuyo kuyanika, varnish chopondapo.
3. Ikani zidutswa za nsalu kapena zikopa pamwamba pa mpando wodzozedwa ndi guluu. Valani pamwamba pake ndi guluu kenako varnish.

Pofuna kuti zinthu zomata zisachotsere pamwamba, muyenera kuyika zigawo zingapo za varnish.

Kugwira ntchito ndi mpando

Musanakonze mpando, muyenera kuwunika momwe mbali yake yayikulu ilili. Ngati pakufunika kuthana ndi mpando, ziyenera kukumbukira kuti makulidwe a plywood ayenera kukhala osachepera 18 mm. Poterepa, mpando umathandizira kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu mpaka makilogalamu 120.

Zotsatira za plywood base:

• konzani chojambula papepala, gwirizanitsani ndi makatoni ndikudula template;
• Lumikizani ku plywood, tsatirani mzerewu ndi pensulo;
• ntchito jigsaw, kudula mbali ndi mchenga m'mbali ndi sandpaper;
• kuboola mabowo pansi poyika ma bolts;
• mpando amalowetsedwa mu chimango ndi mangani.

Ngati mukufuna kusintha gawo lofewa lokhalokha, muyenera kusankha pazinthu zopangira. Choyamba, ndikofunikira kuti chachulukitsa kukana. Kachiwiri, iyenera kulowa mkati mwa nyumbayo.

Ngati pakufunika kusintha kwathunthu, ndiye kuti makulidwe a thovu la thovu ayenera kukhala 40-60 mm.

Gawo lirilonse malangizo amomwe mungapangire mpando wofewa, ngati poyambilira sunaperekedwe:

1. Jambulani mtundu wa padding ndi upholstery.
2. Onetsetsani ku mphira wa thovu ndikudula masentimita 7-8 kuti mugwirizane ndi m'mbali mwake.
3. Onetsetsani template yopangira nsalu. Dulani malowa ndi zolowa masentimita 8-10 masentimita.
4. Onetsetsani magawo odulidwawo m'munsi ndi stapler ndi zofunika.

Kuti gawo lakumunsi kwa mpandowu likhale ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsa, muyenera kulumikizana. Amabisa zobisika zonse zokonza mpando ndi manja ake.

Ngati mukufuna kudula chovalacho malinga ndi njira zakale, muyenera kuchichotsa mosamala. Kuti muchite izi, zakudya zazikuluzikulu zimachotsedwa pampando ndipo zomwe zimadzazidwa zimapatulidwa limodzi ndi upholstery. Musanatsegule zinthuzo, ndibwino kuti muzitsuke kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa kuchepa kwake komanso kuti musasokoneze pakuwerengera. Pakalibe mtundu wakale, muyenera kuyeza mpandowo mozungulira komanso mozungulira. Pa nsalu zopangira uthengawo, ndikofunikira kuti mupange zowonjezera za 8-10 masentimita m'mbali iliyonse. Kuti zikhale zosavuta kukonza mphira wa thovu, iyenera kulumikizidwa ndi guluu la PVA kumunsi.

Yendetsani bwino:

1. Kufalitsa zakuthupi pansi pansi.
2. Ikani maziko ndi chithovu pamwamba.
3. Pindani pazinthuzo ndikukhomerera ndi zomata kapena misomali. Mtunda pakati pa fasteners ndi 15-20 mm.

Zovala kumbuyo kwa mpando ndizofanana, koma ndimitundu ina. Mphira wolimba wa thovu sukwanira pamapangidwewo; amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi thovu lofewa, lomwe limadulidwa m'mbali mwake ndipo silimapindika m'mbali mwake. Nsalu kumbuyo kwake ikhoza kutetezedwa ndi chakudya.

Kubwezeretsa mipando ndi manja anu sikuli kovuta monga momwe kumawonekera koyamba. Pamwamba pa izo, ndizachuma. Ndikokwanira kusankha zinthu zoyenera, kuyatsa malingaliro anu, ndipo mutagwira ntchito maola ochepa mupeza zotsatira zabwino kuposa zomwe mukuyembekezera.