Kukula kokongola m'nyengo yozizira: momwe mungadulire maluwa mukamazizira kunja kwazenera?

Kubereketsa maluwa ndi mdulidwe ndi njira yodalirika, popeza njirayi ndiyosavuta ndipo sikufuna luso lapadera ndi chidziwitso kuchokera kwa wolima, ndipo imathandizanso: ngati zinthu zonse zakwaniritsidwa, kuchuluka kwa cuttings komwe kumakhala ndi mizu kumakhala kokwera kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, njirayi itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuberekanso nthawi iliyonse pachaka, ngakhale nthawi yozizira. Izi ndi zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.

Kodi kumezanitsa ndi chiyani?

Kudula ndi njira yodzikongoletsera yopangira zomera, momwe magawo ake amagawanika - chomera. Pakadulidwa, mbewu zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi mizu yawo zimapezeka, zomwe zimasunga mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a kholo.

cholozera... Mitundu yotsatirayi yamaluwa imatha kulimidwa bwino kuchokera ku cuttings: yonse yaying'ono ndi polyanthus, yokwera kwambiri ndikukwera, mitundu ya tiyi wosakanizidwa, mitundu ya excelsa roses, Iceberg ndi Rosalind mitundu. Kukonza ndi maluwa a paki amadulidwa movutikira kwambiri.

Nthawi yoyenera

Maluwa amatha kudula nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Florists zambiri muzu cuttings kudula m'chilimwe. Koma nyengo yopambana kwambiri ya cuttings ndi yophukira: cuttings odulidwa ku tchire la maluwa nthawi yakudulira nthawi yadzinja amabzalidwa pansi kuti muzule (onani apa za kudula ndi kuzika maluwa mu nthawi yophukira?).

Koma pamakhala zochitika pomwe makope oterewa amagwera m'manja mwa wokonda maluwa awa, kupeza komwe wakhala akulakalaka kwanthawi yayitali. Ndipo kunja kwayamba kale m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo sipangakhale funso loti mizu yonse yazomera imere. Chifukwa chake, ndizomveka kupulumutsa mphukira mpaka masika.

Zosiyanitsa zazidutswa zachisanu

Tanthauzo lakapangidwe ka cuttings nthawi yozizira isanateteze cuttings mpaka masika mchigawo chomwe chimatha kukhala ndizomera komanso kuzika mizu. Izi zikufanana ndi kusunga maluwa amoyo mpaka masika. Pali njira zingapo zopulumutsira:

1. kusunga cuttings m'chipinda chapansi;
2. mu furiji;
3. pa khonde lowala;
4. pawindo lazizira.

Kapenanso, monga momwe kulima maluwa kwa nthawi yayitali kukuwonetsera, mutha kupanga mtundu wosungira cuttings pansi panja. Amatha kukumbidwa mdzenje lokumbidwa mwapadera, komanso mutha kupanga dongosolo lapadera - cuticle ("wowonjezera kutentha").

Chofunikira cha njira yosungira cuttings mufiriji ndikuyika zodulidwazo mu nsalu yonyowa ya thonje kapena pepala (ngati njira - sphagnum moss), momwe amamangiriridwa, kenako ndikunyamula thumba la pulasitiki. Malo osungira - gawo m'firiji wamasamba.

cholozera... Cuttings amathanso kuikidwa mu peat yonyowa ndi gawo la mchenga lomwe limatsanulidwira m'bokosi ndikusungidwa mchipinda chapansi.

Mutha kusunga cuttings pakhonde:

1. ayikeni mu chidebe;
2. ikani thumba lapulasitiki pamwamba;
3. khalani bwino ndi zofunda ndi jekete;
4. Kuyika thovu pansi pa ndowa, kunyamuka nthawi yozizira.

Kuti mumve zambiri zamomwe mungasungire zodulira zathanzi nthawi yonse yachisanu pakubzala kasupe, onani nkhani ina.

Malangizo a kubzala

1. Kukonzekera kwa zida ndi zida... Kuti mugwiritse ntchito zodulira, mufunika mpeni wakuthwa kapena pruner yotetezedwa ndi mowa, zitsulo zamagetsi, zokutira (agrofibre, lutrasil), kanema wapulasitiki.
2. Kukonzekera kwa nthaka... Kwa cuticle, ndikofunikira kukumba dzenje kapena ngalande yakuya masentimita 30 - 70. Nthaka yomwe idatulutsidwa iyenera kusakanizidwa ndi peat ndi mchenga wofanana. Peat idzapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yosasunthika, mpweya wabwino, mchenga udzathandiza kuti pakhale madzi (kutuluka kwa madzi ochulukirapo).

   Humus, kompositi ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa kusakanikirana uku. Pansi pa cuticle iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi mchenga wolimba (5 - 10 cm). Monga njira: pansi pamadzaza ndi nthambi zowuma, udzu (20 cm), kenako peat (20 cm), kenako dothi la kompositi (20 cm).

3. Kudula cuttings... Zimayambira kumene cuttings idzadulidwa iyenera kukhala yowongoka, yamphamvu, popanda kuwonongeka kowoneka ndi matenda opatsirana.

   Makulidwe awo ali ngati kukula kwa pensulo (4-5 mm m'mimba mwake). Imodzi ya zimayambira imadulidwa mu zidutswa zazitali 20 - 25 cm.

   Chofunikira: pachilichonse cha zigawozi payenera kukhala impso zitatu - 5 zotukuka. Ndibwino kuti musatenge gawo lapamwamba la mphukira, chifukwa mwina silingakhwime.

   Chodula chapamwamba - chowongoka - chimapangidwa 2 - 3 cm pamwamba pa impso chapamwamba, ndipo m'munsi - pamakona a madigiri 45 - pansi pamunsi pa impso. Masamba onse ndi minga ziyenera kuchotsedwa.

   Chisamaliro! Chomeracho chimatha kutaya chinyezi kudzera m'masamba ndi minga, zomwe zimawopseza kuyika bwino kwa mizu.

4. Processing cuttings... Ndikofunika ngati cuttings amathandizidwa ndi mizu yopanga zolimbikitsa (Kornevin, Ukorenit, Heteroauxin) musanadzalemo. Alimi ena amalangiza kuti aziika mphukira za maluwa kwa tsiku limodzi m'madzi ndi chopatsa mphamvu.
5. Kuyika mizu... Gawo lapansi la cuttings liyenera kukhala lokhathamira musanadzalemo cuttings. Pesi lirilonse limakwiriridwa pansi 2/3, 1/3 ya nthaka imatsalabe pamwamba pake. Kuzama kumachitika mozungulira madigiri a 45 kuti kuonjezere malo olumikizirana ndi odula ndi nthaka. Gawo lapansi lozungulira mbande limaphwanyidwa bwino kuti lisatulutse mpweya wodulidwa. Mtunda pakati pa mphukira zobzalidwa ndi 10 - 15 cm.
6. Kufika... M'chaka (May), mizu yodulidwa iyenera kuikidwa pamalo okhazikika. Malo abwino kwambiri a duwa ndi malo otseguka, owala, opanda ma drafti ndi madzi apansi panthaka pafupi ndi dziko lapansi. Mbande ziyenera kuchotsedwa mosamala kuchokera ku cuttings pamodzi ndi chotengera chadothi chomwe chimapangidwa mozungulira mizu ndikubzala mu dzenje lokonzekera bwino.

Kusamaliranso

Nthambi kapena nthambi za spruce zimayikidwa pa mbande, arcs amamangidwa pamwamba, pomwe amaponyamo zolembedwazo, kenako kanema wapulasitiki ndi nthambi ndi nthambi za spruce pamwamba pake. Mbande zotsekedwa motere zimatha nyengo yozizira modekha, ndipo pofika masika amakhala atakhazikitsa kale ma tubercles.

Mu kasupe, zoterezi ziyenera kutsegulidwa pang'onopang'ono: choyamba chotsani chipale chofewa, ndiye, pakuwotha, chotsani nthambi ndi nthambi za spruce, kenako mutsegule zofundazo. Mbewu zazing'ono zikangogwirizana ndi chilengedwe chatsopano, zimatha kubzalidwa m'malo okhazikika..

Mavuto ndi njira zowathetsera

Sipadzakhala mavuto ndi zovuta ndikucheka ngati zinthu zonse zakwaniritsidwa. Ndipo chofunikira kwambiri mwa iwo ndikutsekemera kwapamwamba kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira. Ngati wamaluwa ali waulesi kwambiri kuphimba zodulidwazo ndi chophimba, kapena polyethylene, kapena nthambi, ndiye kuti mbande zazing'ono komanso zosalimba zimangofa.

Chinthu china chofunikira ndikudzaza ma cuttings ndi gawo lapansi. Maluwawo ndi chomera chosalala, amafunikira michere kuti akhazikike. Adzapatsidwa humus, kompositi. Koma kutentha kwina kudzaperekedwa ndi udzu, nthambi zomwe zimaponyedwa pansi pa cuttings. Amakhulupirira kuti zikavunda pang'onopang'ono, zamoyo zimatulutsa pang'ono kutentha.

Ndipo, potsiriza, kuti chomera chamtsogolo chikhale cholimba, chotheka, chopanda zilonda zopatsirana, mphukira zathanzi zimayenera kusankhidwa kuti zimerezetsidwe, ndi chida chomwe amadulidwacho ayenera kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo.

Ngakhale kuti m'nyengo yozizira zomera zambiri zimadutsa nthawi yayitali, moyo ukugundana pansi pa malo otentha a cuticle, zomwe zotsatira zake zimatha kukondweretsa wolima masika ndipo makamaka mchilimwe, panthawi yamaluwa ndi kununkhira kwa okondedwa omwe akhala akuyembekezera kwanthawi yayitali - maluwa.