Ndimu yobiriwira ya Meyer: kufotokozera, kusamalira mbewu, kubereka, matenda ndi tizirombo
Ndimu ya Meyer ndi chomera chobiriwira cha mtundu wa Citrus. Olima minda amaikonda kwambiri chifukwa cha maluwa ake ndi zipatso zambiri.
Sichosangalatsa ndipo sichifuna chisamaliro chapadera, komanso imasinthasintha bwino kukhala chipinda.
Ndipo chifukwa cha kukongoletsa kwake, imakwanira bwino mkati mwake. Dziwani zambiri zakusamalidwa, malamulo omwe akukula komanso mawonekedwe a mandimu a Meyer pazomwe zili pansipa, komanso kupeza upangiri woyenera ndikuwonera kanema wothandiza momwe mungapezere zambiri.
Kufotokozera kwa botanical
Kodi chomera ichi ndi chiyani? Lemon Meyer (dzina lachilatini Cítrus × méyerii) ndi chomera chosatha cha banja la Rute, chomwe ndi chosakanizidwa ndi lalanje ndi mandimu. Anabweretsa koyamba ku USA kuchokera ku China ndi wofufuza wasayansi a Frank Meyer mu 1908. Dzina lachiwiri la chomeracho ndi mandimu achi China.
Kunyumba, imakula mwachilengedwe ndipo imafika kutalika kwa mamita 6-8. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, mitunduyo idafalikira kuchokera ku United States padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo idayamba kumera ngati chomera. Ndipo zipatso zake zidayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika.
Kufotokozera kwa mawonekedwe, maluwa ndi zipatso ndi zithunzi za chomeracho
M'nyumba zimakhala mamita 1-2. Korona ndi wozungulira, wophatikizika, wosavuta kupanga. Masamba ndi aang'ono, onyezimira, owulungika, obiriwira mdima, okhala ndi mapiri osongoka. Gulu lopindika ngati inflorescence.
Kutchulidwa. Maluwa ndi oyera ngati chipale chofewa kapena chofiirira, onunkhira bwino, amapangidwa pamagulu akuluakulu ndi nthambi zazing'ono.
Zipatso ndizochepa, kuzungulira, popanda chotupa, kuyambira 70 mpaka 140 magalamu. Kukongoletsa kwa mandimu ndimtundu wakuda wachikaso, patapita kanthawi kumasanduka lalanje. Rind ndi yosalala komanso yopyapyala. Mbewu 10-12 pa zipatso.
Pansipa pali zithunzi za ndimu ya Meyer:
Kodi ndizosiyana bwanji ndi mitundu ina?
Ndimu ya Meyer ili ndi zipatso zambiri ndi maluwa. Nthawi yomweyo, zamkati zimakhala zachikaso chakuda, kukoma kwake ndi kotsekemera komanso kofewa, kwambiri ngati lalanje, nthawi zambiri kumadyedwa ndikuwonjezeredwa pachakudya chosapsa. Amawerengedwa kuti ndiosapatsa acid mwa mitundu yonse ya mandimu.
Chomeracho chimabala zipatso chaka chonsendipo chipatso chomwecho ndi chaching'ono kwambiri kuposa cha mitundu ina.
Chomera chisamaliro kunyumba kwa oyamba kumene wamaluwa
Lemon Meyer ndiwodzichepetsa komanso wopanda phindu posamalira, amasintha mosavuta kuzipinda. Kukula kwakukulu ndi kubala zipatso, ndikwanira kutsatira malamulo ena okonza.
Kutentha
Kutentha koyenera kwakukula chomera mchaka ndi chilimwe ndi madigiri 20. M'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa cha zipatso zambiri, amachepetsedwa mpaka madigiri 12. Amakhala ndi mandimu kutali ndi mawindo ndi zida zotenthetsera, chifukwa kutenthedwa ndi zojambula zimasokoneza maluwawo. Chomeracho chimasokonekera kwambiri pakusintha kwa kutentha, chifukwa chake, ndimu amatengeredwa kukhonde pokhapokha kutentha kapena kusasiyako usiku.
Kuthirira
Thirani ndimu mochuluka, nthawi yachilimwe-chilimwe tsiku lililonse, nthawi yachisanu imakhala yosawerengeka komanso yopepuka, osapitilira kawiri pamlungu. Pofuna kupewa kuyimitsidwa kwamadzi ndikuonetsetsa kuti mizu ipuma, dothi lokwera limamasulidwa nthawi ndi nthawi.
Madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira kapena kusefukira kutentha. Madzi ozizira amachititsa masamba ndi zipatso kugwa. Ndimu imakula bwino pamtunda wambiri, osachepera 60-70%. Chifukwa chake, chomeracho chimapopera nthawi zonse ndi botolo la utsi.
Zida zam'madzi kapena zopangira zodzikongoletsera zimayikidwa pafupi ndi mphikawo.
Kuwala
Ndimu ya Meyer ndi chomera chokonda kuwala. Ikani izo pazenera lakumadzulo kapena kum'mawa kwazenera. Pazenera lakumwera komanso masana, duwa limaphimbidwa ndi dzuwa, apo ayi masamba amatha kutentha.
Mukakulira kumpoto komanso nthawi yopumira, kuyatsa kowonjezera kwamtundu wa nyali zamagetsi kumayikidwa mchipinda. Ndimu imafunika maola 12 usana usana, apo ayi chomeracho chimatha kuthira masamba onse.
Kuyambitsa
Kukula mwachangu ndi kubala zipatso, mandimu imafunikira nthaka yathanzi, yotayirira, yopanda ndale. Gawoli limagulidwa ku malo ogulitsira zipatso. Kapena amadzikonzekera okha, chifukwa cha izi amasakanikirana mofanana:
- nthaka yamasamba;
- humus ndi mchenga;
- onjezerani magawo awiri a nthaka ya sod.
Pokonzekera nthaka yobzala mbewu zazikulu, dothi lamafuta liyenera kuwonjezeredwa.
Kudulira
Kuti apatse korona mawonekedwe okongola, amadulidwa. Njirayi ndi iyi:
- Tsinde la mmera lifupikitsidwa mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 20, ndikusiya masamba 2-3 atukuka kumtunda.
- Nthambi za mafupa zimakula kuchokera masamba omwe atsala, 3-4 a iwo amasankhidwa, ndipo ena onse amadulidwa.
- Kuwombera kwachiwiri ndi kwachitatu sikuyenera kupitilira masentimita 10 ndi 5, motsatana.
Pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa mphukira za dongosolo la 4, kupangidwa kwa korona kumawerengedwa kuti kwatha. Koma masika aliwonse amathanso kudulira ukhondo, kuchotsa masamba achikaso, owonongeka ndi owuma.
Zovala zapamwamba
Pakukula ndi zipatso, chomeracho chimakhala ndi umuna. Njirayi imachitika kamodzi pamasabata awiri.
Manyowa ovuta amchere amadziwika, omwe ali ndi nayitrogeni, potaziyamu kapena phosphorous. Achepetse ndi madzi molingana ndi malangizo.
M'nyengo yozizira, kuvala pamwamba kumayimitsidwa kwathunthu. Chomeracho chimangosiya kuzisowa, koma izi sizitanthauza kuti panthawiyi sizifunikira chisamaliro.
Mphika
Mphika umasankhidwa kuposa wakale ndi masentimita angapo. Amakonda miphika yadongo yokhala ndi dzenje labwino. Chomera chachichepere sichimabzalidwa konse m'chidebe chachikulu., popeza pali kuwonongeka kwa mizu.
Tumizani
Ndimu yaying'ono imabzalidwa chaka chilichonse, ndipo wamkulu amaikidwapo kamodzi pakatha zaka 2-3. Ntchitoyi imachitika nthawi yophukira nyengo isanafike kuzizira kapena koyambirira kwa masika.
Ngati chomeracho chikudwala, sichibala, ndipo masamba amagwa, ndiye kuti chomeracho chimaikidwa nthawi yomweyo.
Njirayi ili ndi izi:
- Mtsinje ndi nthaka yaying'ono imatsanulidwa pansi pa beseni.
- Nthaka mumphika imathiriridwa kwambiri ndipo mandimu amatulutsidwa mosamala, osamala kuti asavulaze mizu.
- Chomeracho chimayikidwa pakati pa mphika watsopano wamaluwa pamodzi ndi clod yadothi ndipo ma voids amaphimbidwa ndi gawo lapansi. Nthaka ndi yopanikizika pang'ono, koma siyophatikizika.
Mtengowo ukathiriridwa kwambiri ndikuikidwa m'malo okhazikika.
Nyengo yozizira
Nthawi yopuma ndiyofunika kwambiri kwa mandimu. Kuyambira koyambirira kwa Novembala, kutentha kwapakati kumatsitsidwa mpaka madigiri 12, ngati izi sizingachitike, ndiye kuti sipadzakhala zipatso. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, kuthirira kumachepetsanso, madzi ofunda amawonjezeredwa pomwe gawo lotsika la dothi limauma osapitilira kawiri pa sabata. Kuti mupereke kuwala kokwanira mchipinda, ma phytolamp amaikidwa.
Makhalidwe okula kutchire
Ndimu imakula panja kumayiko akumwera okha. M'madera ozizira, mtengowo sungalimbane ndi chisanu choopsa ndipo umatha msanga. Ndimu sichigwira bwino ntchito ikakhala yotentha kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale mbewuyo itatengedwa kupita kukhonde kapena kumunda, imawongoleredwa pang'onopang'ono. Madzulo amabwera nazo mnyumbamo, ndipo masana amakhala ndi mthunzi kuchokera padzuwa.
Zoswana
Kuti mupeze chomera chaching'ono, chimafalikira kunyumba. Izi zachitika m'njira ziwiri:
Pofalitsa ndi kudula, pali mwayi wambiri wopeza chomera chokhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana kuposa njira yambewu.
Kukhwima
Ndimu ya Mayer imatha pafupifupi miyezi 9. Chotsani ndi lumo kapena mpeni wakuthwa ukasanduka wachikaso komanso wofewa pang'ono. Kukolola sikuyenera kuzengereza, chifukwa izi sizikhala nthawi yayitali ndipo zimawonongeka msanga. Sichisunga m'firiji kwa milungu yopitilira 3-5.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Ndimu, yosamalidwa bwino, imatha kudwala matenda osiyanasiyana. Izi zitha kutsimikiziridwa ndi izi:
- Masamba adawala. Izi zimachitika pakakhala kusowa kwa michere kapena kuwala. Chomeracho chimadyetsedwa ndikuwunikiridwa.
- Masamba amafota ndi kugwa. Ndimu siinathiridwe madzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Amayamba kuthirira ndikupopera.
Komanso chomeracho chitha kuukiridwa ndi tizirombo monga: tizirombo tating'onoting'ono kapena nthata za akangaude. Poyamba kuzindikira, mtengowo umasambitsidwa ndi ma jets amadzi osamba. Ngati muli ndi matenda opatsirana, mankhwala ophera tizilombo amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ndimu ya Meyer ndi chomera chachilendo chomwe chimazika mizu m'nyumba... Sakhala wopanda phindu ndipo safuna kuti asamalire. Ndikokwanira kuthirira, kuthira feteleza, kumuika munthawi yake ndikupatsanso nyengo yozizira, kenako akupatsani zipatso zokoma zambiri.