Mycenae: zowonera mumzinda wakale wa Greece ndi chithunzi

Mycenae (Greece) ndi mzinda wakale womwe uli kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa dzikolo. Kukhazikika kwakukulu komanso kotchuka, kudawonedwa ngati likulu la chikhalidwe cha Mycenaean, monga zikuwonetseredwa ndi zinthu zamtengo wapatali zambiri komanso zinthu zapadera zopezeka m'manda agolide.

Zina zambiri

Mycenae ndi mzinda wakale kudera la Greece yamakono. Poyamba linali gawo la Argolis, limawerengedwa kuti ndi amodzi mwa malo azikhalidwe zaku Mycenaean. Monga mizinda yonse yakale, inali pamtunda, ndipo idazunguliridwa ndi mpanda wamiyala (kutalika kwake kumakhala pakati pa 6 mpaka 9 mita m'malo osiyanasiyana).

Masiku ano, mabwinja okha ndi omwe atsala patsamba lakale, ndipo alendo ndi asayansi okha ndi omwe amabwera kumalo amenewa. Anthu osatha - anthu 354 (amakhala pansi pamapiri). Mzinda wakale wa Greece uli pa 90 km kuchokera ku Atene.

Mbiri yakale ndi nthano

Zaka zenizeni za Mycenae sizikudziwika, koma asayansi akukhulupirira kuti madera akale amakhala zaka zoposa 4,000. Malinga ndi nthano, mzindawu udamangidwa ndi Perseus, mwana wa Zeus ndi Danae, omwe adagwiritsa ntchito thandizo la a Cyclops. Mzindawu udakula bwino m'ma 1460. BC e., pomwe a Mycenaeans adagonjetsa Krete ndikuyamba kukhazikitsa madera m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Aegean. Komabe, kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yathu, ma Pelonid adabwera kumayikowa kuchokera ku Argos oyandikana nawo, omwe samangotenga madera omwe agonjetsedwa, komanso agonjetsanso Mycenae.

Munthawi ya Nkhondo za Greco-Persian, mzindawu udayamba kuchepa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mu 468 AD. pamapeto pake adasiyidwa ndi anthu (chifukwa cholimbana ndi Argians). Pambuyo pazaka mazana angapo, anthu adayamba kubwerera ku Mycenae, koma amakhala kumunsi kwa phirilo, ndipo anthu am'deralo amawopa kupita kumalo achitetezo, omwe amangofikira podutsa mandawo.

Zowoneka

Chipata cha Mkango

Chipata cha Mkango ndicho chokopa chachikulu cha Greek Mycenae, chomwe chidakumana ndi apaulendo onse omwe amabwera mumzinda. Chipata chidamangidwa koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma XIII BC. e, ndipo adapeza dzina chifukwa cha bas-relief, yomwe ili pamwamba pachipata. Kulemera kwa dongosolo ndi matani 20.

Kupambana kwake ndikuti miyala yonse yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chipatacho idapukutidwa mosamala ndikukhala ndi mabowo ozungulira, ofanana ndi omwe adasiyidwa ndi kubowola nyundo. Asayansi mpaka lero sangathe kufotokoza izi. Zinthu zomwe zotsekera zitseko zimapangidwanso sizikudziwika - zikuganiziridwa kuti uwu ndi mtundu wa nkhuni womwe kulibeko.

Chipata cha Mkango ku Mycenae chasungidwa bwino, kupatula mikango - mitu yawo yawonongeka kwathunthu. Akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale amakhulupirira kuti izi zidachitika chifukwa chakuti zomwe mutuwo udaponyedwa poyamba zinali zoyipa kuposa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthupi la nyama. Koma malinga ndi nthano yakale, mitu ya mikango idaponyedwa kuchokera ku golide, ndipo nthawi yachikhalidwe cha Mycenaean idabedwa. Mwa njira, poyamba mikango idapangidwa kuti iteteze mzindawo ku mizimu yoyipa, ndipo popeza anali malo ofunikira kwambiri, anthu wamba sakanakhoza kubwera kuno.

Chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, wofukula mabwinja wotchuka waku Germany Heinrich Schliemann adachita zofukula ndipo adazindikira kuti zipata sizinali zipata zachizolowezi pakumvetsetsa kwathu, koma gulu lachipembedzo. Zotsatira zomwe zidapezeka pafupi ndi chipata zidamupangitsa kuti aganize izi: masks achikale, zida ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali.

Zofukula zakale

Zofukula zazikulu zoyambirira ku Mycenae zidachitika m'zaka za 19th. Pakadali pano, ofukula mabwinja angapo odziwika bwino, komanso, woyamba ku Germany, Heinrich Schliemann, adapeza zinthu zapadera zomwe zimatsimikizira kukhalako kwachikhalidwe cha Mycenaean. Mwa njira, zinali pambuyo pofukula komwe malowo adatchedwa "olemera ndi golide", chifukwa zinthu zambiri zagolide zidapezeka pano. Malo osungira zinthu zakale amakhala ndi magawo otsatirawa.

Maliro bwalo A

Ndi m'dera laling'ono pomwe akatswiri ofukula mabwinja adatcha maliro A, pomwe zidapezeka zosangalatsa komanso zofunikira kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, manda a chess ndi zinthu za Trojan War. Chokopacho chili ndi mawonekedwe ovuta, ndipo chimatikumbutsa za Stonehenge.

Thanki

Mzinda wa Mycenae nthawi zambiri unkazingidwa ndi adani, ndipo madzi ambiri amafunikira kuti ateteze bwino. M'zaka za zana la XIV BC, kwa nthawi yoyamba ku Ulaya anamanga zitsime, zomwe kukula kwake kuli kovuta: pamtunda wa mamita 18, panali migolo yayikulu mamita 5 kutalika.

Nyumba yachifumu

Kufukula kwa Royal Palace ku Greece kunachitika pakati pa zaka za zana la 19. Tsoka ilo, palibe chomwe chidatsalira pakukula kwakumaso, ndipo lero alendo amangoganizira za maziko. Komabe, akatswiri ofukula mabwinja adatha kukhazikitsa malo a Megaron - pakati pa nyumba yachifumu, pomwe pamachitika misonkhano yofunika kwambiri komanso misonkhano.

• Mtengo wololedwa: ma euro 12 kwa akulu, ma euro 6 kwa opuma pantchito, ana, achinyamata, aphunzitsi. Zosangalatsa zonse za Mycenae zitha kuchezeredwa ndi tikiti iyi.
• Maola otsegulira: nthawi yachisanu (8.30-15.30), Epulo (8.30-19.00), Meyi-Ogasiti (8.30-20.00), Seputembara (8.00-19.00), Okutobala (08.00-18.00). Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imatsekedwa patchuthi chapagulu.

Malo Ofukula Zakale Zakale Zakale za Mycenae

Archaeological Museum ya Mycenae ili ndi zonse zakale zomwe zimapezeka pofukula m'dera lakale. Pafupifupi zinthu zonse zakale m'chipinda choyamba zidapezeka m'manda asanu akale, omwe Homer adalankhula. Chiwonetserochi chimaphatikizapo zinthu zopangidwa ndi ziwiya zadothi (mabasiketi, ma jug, mbale), minyanga ya njovu (zodzikongoletsera, zifanizo zazing'ono zazinyama), miyala (zida), golide (masks okufa, zodzikongoletsera, makapu). Zizindikiro za milungu yachi Greek ndi zida zakuthwa zimawerengedwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwamawonetsero osangalatsa komanso apadera.

M'chipinda chachiwiri, pali zomwe zapezedwa ku Bronze Age. Izi ndi ndalama, zodzikongoletsera zachikazi ndi zachimuna, maski oika maliro. Wotchuka kwambiri ndi "Mask of Agamemnon" (iyi ndi kope, ndipo yeniyeni ili ku National Archaeological Museum of Athens).

Mu holo yachitatu muli zitsanzo zakukhazikitsidwa komwe kunapangidwa ndi asayansi. Chifukwa cha iwo, mutha kuwona Mycenae waku Greece wakale ndikusangalala ndi kukongola kwamakedzedwe, zifanizo ndi zojambulazo zomwe zidakongoletsa mzindawu. Palinso mwayi wowona zithunzi za Mycenae, zomwe zidatengedwa m'zaka za zana la 19 ndi 20 pazofukula.

Citadel ndi Chuma cha Atreus

Chifukwa choti makoma amiyala omwe anazungulira mzindawo mbali zonse adasungidwa, malo a Mycenae wakale ku Greece amadziwika bwino, mosiyana, mwachitsanzo, malo a Troy. Kutalika kwa chizindikirocho kunasiyana pakati pa 6 mpaka 9 mita, ndipo kutalika konse ndi mamita 900. M'madera ena, mipata idamangidwa m'makoma momwe zida ndi chakudya zimasungidwa.

Nthawi zambiri makoma a Mycenaean amatchedwa cyclopean, chifukwa Agiriki amakhulupirira kuti zolengedwa zongopeka zokha ndizomwe zimatha kusuntha zinthu zolemetsa zotere. Kukopako kumasungidwa bwino.

Treasure ya Atreus ndiye manda akulu kwambiri ku Mycenaean, omangidwa mu 1250 BC. Kutalika kwa mkati ndi mamita 13.5, ndipo kulemera kwathunthu kwa kapangidwe kake ndi matani 120. Olemba mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti m'mbuyomu chizindikirochi chinali chokongoletsedwa ndi golide, miyala yamtengo wapatali komanso zojambulidwa, zina zomwe zikuwonetsedwa m'malo owonetsera zakale ku Greece. Chuma chomwe chimapezeka m'mabokosi chimatsimikizira za moyo wosaneneka (panthawiyo) ndi chitukuko cha mzindawo.

Nemea wakale

Monga mukudziwa, kudera la Greece lero, zokopa zambiri zidapulumuka - zotsalira zamizinda yakale. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi Nemea wakale. Awa ndi malo ocheperako koma osasangalatsa. Sitediyamu yosungidwa, pomwe othamanga abwino kwambiri amzindawu adachita, amadziwika kuti ndi chizindikiro cha Nemea. Palinso mabwinja amabafa angapo ndi mabwinja a tchalitchi chakale chachikhristu komanso nyumba za anthu.

Kudera la Nemea wakale, kuli malo owonetsera zakale amakono, komwe mutha kuwona zotsatira za ntchito ya akatswiri ofukula zakale: zodzikongoletsera zagolide, ziwiya zadothi zabwino, zinthu zaminyanga ya njovu.

Momwe mungafikire ku Mycenae kuchokera ku Athens

Atene ndi Mycenae adagawanika ndi 90 km, ndipo pali njira ziwiri momwe mungayendere kuchokera mumzinda kupita kumzake.

Pa basi

Iyi ndiye njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri komanso yosavuta. Muyenera kuyimilira ku Athens ndikupita ku Fichti station (Mycenae). Nthawi yoyenda ndi ola limodzi mphindi 30. Mtengo wamatikiti ndi ma 10-15 euros (kutengera nthawi yoyenda komanso kalasi ya basi). Amathamanga maola awiri aliwonse kuyambira 8.00 mpaka 20.00.

Pali makampani angapo amabasi ku Greece. Chodziwika kwambiri ndi KTEL Argolidas, yomwe imapezeka m'mizinda ikuluikulu mdzikolo. Tikiti ikhoza kugulidwa pasadakhale patsamba lovomerezeka la wonyamulirayo: www.ktelargolida.gr kapena ku Central Bus Station ku Athens.

Pa sitima

Muyenera kukwera sitima kuchokera ku station ya Athens pa sitima ya Πειραιάς - Κιάτο (Piraeus - Kiato). Pa siteshoni ya Zegolateio Korinthias, muyenera kutsika ndikusintha taxi.

Nthawi yoyenda pa sitima ndi ola limodzi mphindi 10. Pa taxi - mphindi 30. Mtengo wake ndi mayuro 8 (sitima) + 35 euros (taxi). Njira yapaulendo ndiyothandiza kwambiri m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.

Chonyamulira - Greek Railways. Mutha kusungitsa tikiti yanu pasadakhale patsamba lawo lovomerezeka: www.trainose.gr kapena mugule ku ofesi yamatikiti ku Athens Central Station.

Mitengo yonse ndi mindandanda yamasamba patsamba ndi ya Epulo 2019.

Yerekezerani mitengo ya malo ogwiritsira ntchito Fomu iyi

Malangizo Othandiza

1. Mycenae ili kutali ndi mashopu ndi malo ogulitsira, chifukwa chake tengani chilichonse chomwe mungafune (choyambirira, madzi).
2. Kuti mupite ku Mycenae wakale, sankhani tsiku lozizira, chifukwa chokopa chili pamwamba paphiri, ndipo palibenso pobisalira dzuwa lotentha.
3. Ndibwino kupita ku Mycenae mkati mwa sabata, popeza kuli Loweruka ndi alendo ambiri.
4. Kuti mupewe unyinji wa alendo, bwerani ku Mycenae mwachangu. Ambiri mwaomwe amafika amafika pano nthawi ya 11.00 - 12.00.

Mycenae (Greece) ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri mdziko la Balkan, zomwe zingakopetse okonda mbiri yakale komanso zakale.

Ulendo wopita mumzinda wakale wa Mycenae

Onerani kanemayo: The Mycenaeans: A Civilization of Bronze Age Greece (Mulole 2024).