Phunzirani za chomera chanyumba cha Streptocarpus: mawonekedwe achisanu ndi mitundu ina yotchuka yophatikiza

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Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mitundu yamtchire ya streptocarpus idapezeka pafupifupi zaka 200 zapitazo (mu 1818) ndipo idali chomera chodzikongoletsa chokhala ndi maluwa otumbuluka abuluu okhala ndi masamba asanu ozungulira.

Kukula kwake kwa maluwa sikunapitirire masentimita 2.0-2.5. Pakadali pano, mothandizidwa ndi kusankha, hybrids okhala ndi maluwa awiri mpaka 12-14 masentimita.

Mtundu wofala kwambiri wamaluwa a streptocarpus amakhalabe lilac ndi buluu-buluu, koma nthawi yomweyo pali mitundu yokhala ndi masamba okhala ndi utoto wamitundu yonse: kuyambira pachizungu choyera mpaka violet-wakuda, kuchokera ku pinki wotumbululuka mpaka kufiira, komanso poterera, mandimu, lalanje hue. Mtundu wa maluwa omwe amabwera chifukwa cha hybrids ndi umodzi, mitundu iwiri ndi itatu mitundu kuphatikiza.

Njira zazikulu zosankhira

Wosakanizidwa woyamba adapezeka pafupifupi zaka 40 kutsegulidwa kwa streptocarpus m'kaundula wa mitundu (mu 1855) ku Great Britain. Kusankhidwa kwina kunachitika mosasunthika mpaka zaka za 60 ndi 70 za zaka zapitazo.

Kenako maluwa awa adayamba kutchuka, zomwe zidakhala chifukwa cha ntchito yayikulu ya obereketsa kuti apeze mitundu yatsopano ya streptocarpus. Ku UK komweko, makamaka ku USA, streptocarpus amakula pamlingo wa mafakitale opanga maluwa.

Zowonadi, chomerachi chatchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi! Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndiyodabwitsa.

Mitundu yopitilira 1100 yapangidwa (mitundu 134 yapezeka m'chilengedwe) ndipo uwu siwo malire.

Pali mitundu ya terry ndi semi-terry yomwe ili ndi utoto wowoneka bwino, wolukidwa, wokhala ndi ziphuphu, zokongola ndi mawonekedwe (mauna, kunyezimira) pamakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino.

Osiyana mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa m'mphepete mwake. Mitundu yaying'ono komanso yaying'ono kwambiri. Mitundu yomwe imakhala ndi masamba obiriwira komanso obiriwira (variegated) ndiotchuka kwambiri.

Njira zazikulu zoberekera streptocarpus pakadali pano:

Kupanga kwamitundu iwiri yamitundu yosiyana ndi khosi ndi mkombero.
Zosiyanasiyana streptocarpus.
Thumba limapanga masamba.
Lonjezerani kuchulukanso kwa duwa.
Kuchulukitsa kukula kwa duwa.
Zing'onoting'ono zazing'ono.

Ntchito yayikulu ya obeta m'malo awa:

Yosavuta kuyeretsa, yolimbana ndi zovuta komanso mayendedwe.
Masamba osanjikiza.
Mbali yamkati yamasamba ndi yofiira, yakuda kapena yamapangidwe, mbali yakunja imawala.
Kutalika ndi kutulutsa maluwa.
Mafupikitsidwe oyenda ndi maluwa asanu kapena kupitilira apo.

Mitundu

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya streptocarpus ndiyodabwitsa: yosatha komanso yapachaka, zitsamba zazitsamba ndi zitsamba, okhala m'nkhalango zowirira ndi malo otentha, omera pamiyala ndi mitengo ...

Komabe, onse atha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:

Mtundu wa tsamba limodzi. Ili ndi tsamba limodzi lalikulu la 60-90 cm, lalitali la 10-15 cm, ndi ma peduncles apamwamba. Nthawi zina, masamba amodzi kapena awiri owonjezera omwe sanakulire bwino atha kukula. Tsamba lalikulu ndilofunika kwambiri pamoyo wa chomera chonse. Ngati ifa, chomeracho chidzafanso.
Mtundu wa tsinde, mwa kuyankhula kwina, zambiri. Chili ndi tsinde limodzi lokhala ndi ubweya wokha, lodzaza ndi masamba. Mpaka ma peduncles asanu amakula kuchokera kuma tsamba axils. Mtundu uwu, monga womwe wamasamba am'mbuyomu, umakhala wofala kwambiri m'chilengedwe kuposa m'nyumba za okhometsa maluwa.
Mtundu wa Rosette. Masamba a mitunduyi amakhala ndi gawo limodzi lokulirapo pakatikati pa mizu ndipo, akamakula, amapanga rosette, motero dzina la mtunduwo. Tsinde likusowa.
Mtundu wa rosette wa streptocarpus ndiwotchuka kwambiri m'magulu a omwe amalima maluwa, chifukwa amadziwika chifukwa chofulumira kupanga ziweto zosakhazikika komanso ziweto zazikulu zambiri.

Mitundu yotchuka

Monga tanenera kale, kuswana kwa streptocarp kukukulira, makamaka ku America ndi UK. Odyetsa atatu odziwika kwambiri ku United States ndi awa:

Ralph Robinson (mndandanda wa Bristol, wopangidwa kuyambira 1982).
Dale Marten (wodziwika bwino pamitundu yoyambirira ya Iced) ndi J. Ford, motsogozedwa ndi Paul Sorano, yemwe adalandira malo obiriwira ndi malo obzala ndi Saintpaulias kuchokera kwa agogo ake aamuna mu 1993.
Ku Japan, mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya Toshihiro Okuto (kuswana kuyambira 1985) ndiyabwino.

Ku Russia, otchuka kwambiri ndi awa:

Zosiyanasiyana ndi maluwa akulu owala kwambiri, ochokera kwa Peter Kleszczynski (Poland).
Ma streptocarps aatali komanso ochuluka ochokera ku Pavel Yenikeev (Ukraine).
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri komanso yosazolowereka yochokera ku Vyacheslav Paramonov (Russia), Dmitry Demchenko (Russia) ndi Tatiana Valkova (Russia).

Mitundu ya Petr Kleszczynski

Wosakaniza	Zosiyanasiyana	Maluwa awiri, cm	Kufotokozera
Piotr Kleszynski	Hermann	7–7,5	Mitengo yam'mwamba imakhala ndi utoto wa lilac, maziko achikasu otsika amatsekedwa ndi thumba la burgundy lomwe limasunthira kumbuyo kwenikweni, malire a lilac. Mphepete mwamphamvu pamakhala.
Draco	7–8	Wotumbululuka, masamba akutali obiriwira pang'ono, otsika ndi achikaso akuya ndi mauna owala (ngati moto kuchokera mkamwa). Anatumikira m'mphepete mwa masamba.
Pikisitiki	6–7	Thumba labuluu pamakhala onse. Chakumtunda ndi choyera, chakumunsi ndichikasu. Amagwa mwachangu.

Kuchokera kwa obereketsa aku Russia

Wosakaniza	Zosiyanasiyana	Maluwa awiri, cm	Kufotokozera
Vyacheslav Paramonov	Mitundu ya chisanu	7–8	Pamaphala oyera oyera, mauna abuluu. Mdima wofiirira wakuda m'khosi. Masambawo ndi obiriwira kwapakatikati, wavy otsekedwa.
Wotchedwa Dmitry Demchenko	Mbalame Yakuda	8–9	Ruffy maluwa akuluakulu obiriwira ofiira ofiira, ofiira-wakuda (kunyezimira koyera mkati mwa khosi). Maluwa a velvet.
Tatiana Valkova	Mbalame ya VaT	8	Kusiyanitsa kowoneka bwino pakati pa kirimu choyera choyera komanso chakumunsi kokhala ndi thumba lolemera kwambiri lakuda kutembenukira kumtunda waukulu. Masamba ozungulira okhala ndi mkombero wamkati.

Pavel Enikeev wa mithunzi yosakhwima

Wosakaniza	Zosiyanasiyana	Maluwa awiri, cm	Kufotokozera
Pavel Enikeev	Zingwe za Crystal	6,5	Mphepete mwamphamvu, ruffle wapamwamba. Pazoyera zoyera zam'munsi, pali malire amtundu wabuluu, kumunsi kumunsi kuli mauna owoneka a lilac-buluu pachikaso pang'ono chachikasu. Masamba ndi owuma, osapachikika. Chitsulo chokwanira.
Himalaya	10	Maluwa akuluakulu, malata. Pamwamba pamakhala ndi lilac yotumbululuka yamadzi, kumbuyo kwake koyera ndi thumba lofiirira.
Mathithi	7–8	Buluu, ngakhale maluwa otumbululuka a lilac mumadontho akuluakulu pamwamba, pamunsi pamunsi: mesh ya lilac yoyera. Osagwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Malo ogulitsira bwino.
Chigumukire	9–10	Maluwa akulu oyera oyera ndi m'mphepete mwamphamvu.

Zokongola

Wosakaniza	Zosiyanasiyana	Maluwa awiri, cm	Kufotokozera
Pavel Enikeev	Maloto apinki	9	Maluwa ofiira ofiira kumtunda ndi malata, kumunsi kwakumaso kwa pinki, mauna ofiira. Zaukhondo, zophatikizika
FIFA	7–8	Maluwa awiri ofiira ofiira ofiira, masamba am'munsi oyera oyera amakhala ndi thumba lofiira ndi malire. Osagwa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Mtsikana	8	Maluwa otuwa ofiira, otuwa pinki kumtunda ndi mauna ofiira akuda kumunsi koyera.
Nkhuku	7,5	Mtundu wonyezimira wachikasu, m'mphepete mwake mumadzaza kwambiri ndi msinkhu. Pali cheza chabuluu m'khosi.
Caramel	5–6	Pamwamba pa pinki, wotumbululuka wachikaso, pansi pa caramel-poterera, kunyezimira. Madzi otsekemera malankhulidwe osakhwima.
Kalahari	7,5	Maluwa akulu akulu ofiira achikasu. Gawo lakumtunda ndi kapezi wamdima, m'munsi mwake ndi wachikaso ndi kuwala kwofiira komanso mauna osawoneka bwino.
Lena	6,5–7,5	Maluwa awiri okhala ndi utoto wowala mosiyana. Pamwamba: thumba lofiira pamiyala yoyera, pansi pamtundu wofiira. Mpweya.
Margarita	10	Maluwa ofiira ofiira kwambiri. Mtundu wambiri wa vinyo. Zotsekera zazikulu.
sitiroberi	7–8	Yoyera ndi kachidutswa kofiira kofiira, ikudutsa pafupi ndi khosi mu thewera. Amawoneka ngati odulidwa a strawberries. Masamba ozungulira.
Maluwa Ofiira	5–6	Masamba ofiira ofiira, khosi loyera. Zing'onozing'ono.
Kata Tjuta	10–13	Wamphamvu kwambiri, m'mbali mwake; masamba apamwamba ndi ofiira, otsikawo ndi achikasu ndi mauna ofiira ofiira. Magetsi amawonekera kwambiri m'khosi.
Phwando la ku Hawaii	5–6	Maluwa oyera oyera a Hyper-double ndi matope a ruby-chitumbuwa ndi ma specks, corolla wamkati.

Mdima wakuda komanso wofiirira

Wosakaniza	Zosiyanasiyana	Maluwa awiri, cm	Kufotokozera
Pavel Enikeev	Mozart	10	Ziphuphu zazikulu, pamwamba pake ndi buluu-violet, m'munsimu pachikaso chachikasu pali mauna a violet ndi malire a violet. Socket yayikulu. Maluwa amasunga nthawi yayitali.
Mphepo yamkuntho	7,5–8	Maluwa ndi ofiira ofiira m'mbali mwake. Chidutswa chabuluu. Tsamba lalikulu, lalifupi.
Matenda	7–8	Zotsekera zazikulu, zofiira zofiirira komanso zofiirira pagulu lofiirira-lakuda, khosi lokhala ndi kuwala koyera.
Ruchelier	6–7	Corollas wakuda wofiirira. khosi ndi lowala ndi diso lachikaso, mphonje m'mbali mwa masamba, olimba kwambiri.
usiku wa polar	12	Maluwa a utoto wakuda wakuda, velvety.
Siberia	10–12	Maluwa akuluakulu akuda buluu okhala ndi mphonje, wonenepa.
Wam'ndende waku Caucasus	8–9	Zotsekera zazikulu. Mtundu wonyezimira kwambiri wa lilac wa masamba apamwamba. Pazoyera zoyera, zotsikirazo zimakhala ndi thumba lofiirira, pakhosi pali cheza chachikaso ndi chofiirira.
Swallowtail	7	Pamwamba kwambiri pamutu wofiirira, motsutsana ndi chikasu chachikasu chakumunsi, thumba lofiirira.
Meteor Mvula	5–6	Corollas ang'ono, wavy. Pamwamba pamakhala ndi buluu wokhala ndi mawanga a kirimu, pansi pake pali poterera wachikasu ndi malire amtambo.

Chithunzi

Munkhaniyi mutha kuwonanso zithunzi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera, monga:

Maluwa Ofiira:
Mkaidi wa Caucasus:
Richelieu:
Dimetris:
Ndi ena:

Chisamaliro

Mitundu yambiri ya streptocarpus imachokera m'nkhalango zam'malo otentha (kuwala kouma, mpweya wambiri, panthawi yakukula, madzi amvula ambiri, kutentha pang'ono mpaka 24 ° C).

Pali mitundu ya savanna yomwe ili ndi masamba ofupikirapo, omwe ndi ofupikirapo komanso okulirapo kuposa a m'nkhalango (amatha kuwonetsedwa ndi dzuwa kwakanthawi, amalimbana ndi chilala, amalekerera chilala komanso nthawi yokula, kutentha mpaka 30 ° C).

Ndicholinga choti Mitundu yonse imakonda nthaka yolimba komanso yopepuka (mpweya, kukhathamiritsa kwa mizu ndi mpweya). Amalekereranso kutentha kwambiri kwa nthaka ndi gawo lapansi. Sakonda kuwala kwadzuwa (makamaka chilimwe), osalekerera kuzizira komanso ma drafts.

M'nyengo yozizira, mizu imayamba kuvunda. Ndikofunika kwambiri kutsitsi. Sungani chinyezi m'nyumba mkati mwa chilimwe. Chinsinsi cha kupambana: kutentha pang'ono (mpaka 24 ° C), chinyezi chanthaka (kuthirira kawiri pa sabata), mpweya wozungulira wazinyontho.

M'nyengo yozizira, streptocarpus amagona popanda kuunikira. Nthawi yopuma imatenga miyezi 1-2 (Disembala-February). Kutentha kwa nthawi imeneyi kumatsikira ku 15-18 ° C, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa mpaka 1 kamodzi pamlungu (dziko lapansi limauma).

Kenako zimalimbikitsa maluwa (nthawi zambiri kuwonetserako), kukulitsa maola masana mpaka maola 14 pogwiritsa ntchito nyali za phyto ndi nyali za fulorosenti. Kutentha kumakwezedwa mpaka 24-25 ° C ndikuthirira kawiri pa sabata.

Nthawi yamaluwa, feteleza ndi feteleza amchere amafunikira (zomera zimachotsa nthaka), maluwa owuma ndi masamba amachotsedwa munthawi yake. Mukameta masamba akale, streptocarpus imakula msanga ndipo imapereka ma peduncles ambiri. Mitundu yambiri imamasula kuyambira koyambirira kwamasika mpaka nthawi yophukira (kuyambira Meyi mpaka Okutobala-Novembala).

Tidakambirana zambiri zakukula kwa streptocarpus ndikusamalira chomera kunyumba pankhaniyi.

Kukhala ndi kuswana

Mwachilengedwe, streptocarpus imaberekanso mwina ndi mbewu kapena pogawika ndi mphukira. M'malo ophunzitsira obereketsa amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu inayi ya kuswana kwa streptocarp:

Mbewu.
Kugawika kwamasamba pazinthuzi.
Masamba a masamba.
Kuchulukitsa kwa Microclonal.

Pokhapokha ndi kuyendetsa mungu ndikupeza mbewu ndizotheka kupeza hybrids ndi mbewu zatsopano. Koma kubereka kwa asexual (vegetative) kumakhala ndi mitundu ya phenotypic yamitundu. Ndi kuswana kwama microclonal, kudzakhala kotheka kusunga mitundu yosawerengeka komanso yomwe ili pangozi, kukonza thanzi lawo.

Pofuna kubala streptocarpus potenthetsa, tsamba limadulidwa ndi tsamba lakuthwa mwina pamitsempha yayikulu m'magawo awiri (njira yolowetsa thukuta), kapena magawo atatu pambali pa ndodo yokhala ndi mphete zazikulu.

Ndipo mutha kudzalanso ndi masamba odulidwa, kudula nsonga ya kudula mozungulira. Magawo onse auma ndi kuwazidwa ndi kaboni yoswedwa. Anabzala mu nthaka osakaniza peat ndi perlite ndi lakuthwa nsonga pansi. Patatha mwezi umodzi, mwana wamkazi amamera.

Kuti mugawanike ndi mphukira, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi mfundo zina zingapo zokula kwamasamba obzala, ndikupanga ma rosettes, nsonga zatsopano.

Asanayambe ndondomekoyi, dothi ladothi limatsanulidwa kwambiri ndi madzi ofunda, kuchotsedwa mumphika ndikuphwanyidwa pang'ono kapena kudulidwa mzidutswa, iliyonse yomwe iyenera kukhala ndi masamba angapo. Zigawo zouma ndikuwaza ndi kaboni kapena biostimulant (mizu).

Pambuyo pa miyezi 1-2, zomera zomwe zakhazikika zimakhala ndi mizu yawo ndi masamba 15 cm.

Tinakambirana za momwe kubalira kwa streptocarpus kumakhalira ndi momwe zimakhalira pano, ndipo kuchokera m'nkhaniyi muphunzira momwe duwa lidzamere kuchokera ku mbewu, chidutswa cha tsamba ndikugawa chitsamba.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Monga lamulo, streptocarpus ndiwodzichepetsa komanso odzidalira. Komanso ali ndi mavuto wamba - matenda ndi tizirombo:

Imvi imavunda pamizu ndi masamba okhala ndi kuthirira mopitilira muyeso ndi ma drafti. Streptocarpus ndi okhala m'nthaka yowuma komanso youma, kuthira madzi ndi dothi lolemera zimawawononga. Onjezerani peat, perlite, sphagnum moss ku chisakanizo cha nthaka. Sanjani malo obzala matenda ndi yankho la sulphate yamkuwa ndi sopo wa potaziyamu.
Kuyanika masamba, thrips (mpweya wouma komanso kutentha) Mankhwala 2-3 amafunika masiku aliwonse 5-7 ndi phytoverm kapena acarin.
Kangaude wofiira. Chitani ndi mankhwala a phytoverm kapena fugicide. Ikani chomera chodwalacho mu thumba la pulasitiki ndikumangiriza mwamphamvu kwa masiku 1-2, mubwereza patatha masiku 7-10. Ndibwino kuti mupatule wodwalayo ndikuchiza zomera zoyandikana nazo.
Powdery mildew. Njira yotere imapezeka: acarin + madzi ofunda + zooshampoo wa nkhupakupa. Ndikofunika kuti muzitsatira panja pabalaza, pakhonde, m'bafa yokhala ndi mpweya wabwino (umagwirira). Mitengo yokhudzidwa kwambiri imakutidwa ndi kanema kuti isafalitse spores ndi powdery mildew, ndikuwonongeka.
Pambuyo pa chiwonetserochi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tithandizire ndi yankho la fufunon m'madzi ofunda, momwe ndikofunikira kuthira gawo lapamwamba la mbeuyo mu yankho ndikulola kuti madontho akhuthure pansi.
Pofuna kuteteza, mankhwala a phytoverm amagwiritsidwa ntchito masabata onse 4-6.

Streptocarpus idapezeka koyamba m'chigawo cha Cape ku South Africa ndipo amawerengedwa kuti ndi kwawo ku Africa, Indochina ndi Thailand, koma tsopano agawidwa padziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa cha osonkhanitsa maluwa.

Streptocarpus (Richelieu, Dimetris, ndi ena otero) ndi abale apafupi a Uzambara violet komanso amachokera ku banja la Gesneriaceae. Koma ali ndi kusiyana: kuchokera pa tsamba limodzi la streptocarpus 6-10 peduncles amakula, violet ili ndi imodzi yokha.

Chomerachi chili ndi zokongoletsa zabwino kwambiri, kuthekera kwakukulu kwakubala mitundu yatsopano, kudzichepetsa komanso maluwa ambiri.

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