Timasanthula mfundo zonse zofunika pakukula kwa basamu ndi mdulidwe

Ngakhale katswiri wamaluwa wamaluwa, makamaka ambiri, amadziwa kufalikira kwa cuttings.

Funso lina ndikuti njirayi siyabwino pazomera zonse, koma pali malamulo ndi zoletsa kugwira ntchito ndi ena.

Lero tikambirana za kumtengowo kwa basamu. Momwe mungachitire izi molondola kuti mumalize ndi chomera chathunthu, komanso kuphunzira momwe mungasamalire chomeracho mutabzala komanso mavuto omwe mungakumane nawo.

Kufotokozera za mbewu

Tchulani! "Vanka yonyowa", "yokhudza" komanso "Lizzie wachangu" - onsewa ndi mayina a basamu. Dzinalo la sayansi limamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini kuti "osapirira", kuti kuthekera kwa chipatso kuthyola, kumwaza mbewu, kuchokera pakukhudza pang'ono. Chosangalatsa china chomera ichi ndi madontho a chinyezi omwe amatuluka m'mphepete mwa masamba.

Mafuta a basamu amkati amakhala ndi maluwa obiriwira komanso okhalitsa. Yake yaying'ono, 4-6 masentimita awiri, maluwa ndi oyera, achikasu, ofiira, komanso bicolor, amatha kukhala osavuta komanso awiri.

Zimayambira ndi zowirira, zowutsa mudyo, zimakhala ndi ma internode achidule. Masamba amatseka tsinde kwambiri, amakhala okhazikika nthawi zonse osongoka kapena osongoka. Masamba osiyanasiyana amaphatikizapo zobiriwira zosiyanasiyana.

Chitsamba chokwanira: mitundu yochepa - mpaka 25 cm, ena - pafupifupi 40 cm.

Dziko lakwawo la basamu ndi Africa, mayiko aku Asia.

Chifukwa chake, pakatikati pa ma latitude, ndizotheka kutera pamalo otseguka m'nyengo yotentha. Komabe, imagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza ngati chomera.

Momwe mungafalikire kunyumba?

Mafuta a basamu akhoza kufalikira m'njira ziwiri:

1. Mbewu. Njirayi imatenga nthawi yaitali ndipo imatenga nthawi, chifukwa mbewu za basamu sizimera bwino, ndipo zambiri zimamera pakangoyamba kumene. Kwa kumera kwawo, zofunikira zapadera zimafunika. Komanso, zotsatira zake sizingakhale zolimbikitsa. Kupatula apo, zomera zambiri sizimapereka mbewu zawo mikhalidwe yawo yonse. Zotsatira zake, mbewu yomwe ili ndi maluwa osavuta imatha kupezeka.
2. Zodula. Njira yabwino kwambiri komanso yothandiza. Ndi chithandizo chake, mutha kupeza mosavuta komanso mwachangu chomera chatsopano cha basamu chomwe chikufanana ndi zomwe woperekayo amapereka. Njira imeneyi siyabwino kokha kwa basamu wachaka chimodzi.

Malamulo wamba ophatikizidwa

Tiyeni tiganizire mwatsatanetsatane momwe tingalumikizirane ndi zomwe ziyenera kuperekedwa pazotsatira zabwino:

• Nthawi. Ndibwino kuti mudule basamu kumapeto kwa chilimwe, koma mutha kuchita izi nthawi iliyonse, kupatula nthawi yopanga mphukira komanso maluwa achangu.

  Zofunika! Kwa mbewu zamkati, nthawi yopambana kwambiri ndiyo chiyambi cha masika. Chomeracho chimayamba kugwira ntchito, maluwa sanayambebe, ndipo kuyatsa kwachilengedwe kumakhala koyenera. Zobzalidwa mu Marichi, kudula kudzaphuka pamodzi ndi mbewu zina nthawi yotentha.

• Nthaka iyenera kukhala yolinganizidwa bwino, yopanda kanthu pang'ono kapena yopanda mbali. Nthaka yoyenera zomera zamkati. Ngati mukukonzekera nthaka nokha, musapitirire ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera monga tsamba humus ndi kompositi. Mavitamini owonjezera amawononga maluwa ambiri amnyumba, kuphatikizapo basamu.
• Chidebe chaching'ono, monga chikho cha pulasitiki, ndi choyenera, kenako chimaikidwa mumphika.
• Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kuzika mizu ndi madigiri 20-25.
• Cuttings ayenera kudulidwa kuchokera ku mphukira zazing'ono komanso zathanzi.
• N'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito pogona la polyethylene, makamaka nthawi yotentha, mpweya ukauma. Komabe, pamenepa, muyenera kuyang'anira mosamala cuttings kuti asavunde.

Maphunziro

Kodi timakonzekera bwanji chodzala:

• Ndi mpeni wakuthwa, dulani mphukirayo ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 8-10.
• Muyenera kudula pansi pa pepala, pamtunda wa madigiri 45.
• Pasapezeke masamba kapena maluwa chogwirira.
• Payenera kukhala ma internode awiri pa mphukira.
• Timachotsa masamba apansi, ndikusiya 4-6 pamwamba.

Kuyika mizu m'madzi

Mafuta a basamu azika mizu m'madzi, ndiye kuti mutha kungoyika zidutswazo m'madzi. Muyenera kumiza tsinde lopanda kanthu, masamba sayenera kukhudza madzi. Galasi la cuttings liyenera kuikidwa pamalo otentha, owala mizu isanatuluke. Pakatha sabata limodzi ndi theka mpaka masabata awiri, mmerawo ndi wokonzeka kubzala mumphika wokhazikika. Chochititsa chidwi monga muzu chitha kuwonjezeredwa m'madzi.

Chenjezo! Musayike cuttings angapo mwamphamvu mu mbale imodzi. Poterepa, amatha kuvunda mizu isanatuluke. Mpweya uyenera kuzungulira momasuka mu chidebecho ndi zodulira, ndipo sayenera kukhudzana.

Kufikira pansi

Kudula ndi mizu yomwe imapezeka m'madzi kumabzalidwa mumphika wawung'ono wokhala ndi nthaka yachonde. Ngalande ziyenera kuyikidwa pansi pamphika. Kuyika mizu m'nthaka Njira ina yozika mizu ili m'nthaka. Njirayi imafuna dothi lapadera. Kusakaniza kwa peat, vermiculite ndi perlite mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1: 2 tikulimbikitsidwa.

Koma mutha kusakaniza mchenga ndi peat mofanana. Nthaka imayikidwa mu chidebe chaching'ono, imakhuthala bwino. Mphukira imayikidwa m'nthaka gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwake. Nthaka imapanikizidwa bwino ndi ma cuttings. Chidebe chobzala chimakwirira ndi thumba la cellophane. Muyenera kukhala pamalo otentha, owala, nthawi ndi nthawi.

Tumizani kumalo okhazikika

Ngati zonse zidayenda bwino, kudula komwe kumabzalidwa kuti kuzika pansi kudzakhala kokonzeka sabata. Mu kapu ya pulasitiki, mizu imatha kuwona pamakoma. Mulimonsemo, pakatha milungu ingapo, mutha kuuyika kuti mukakhale kosatha. Nthaka, mphamvu ndi ngalande zatchulidwa kale.

Tinakambirana mwatsatanetsatane za zovuta za kubzala ndi chisamaliro chotsatira m'nkhaniyi.

Zoyenera kuchita pambuyo pake?

Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane momwe mungasamalire chomera chatsopano mutazika mizu, ndi zinthu ziti zomwe muyenera kupereka:

1. Basamu amakonda kuwala kwa dzuwakoma ofewa, osapsa. Sill zenera lakumwera siloyenera; ndi bwino kuyiyika mchipinda pafupi ndi zenera. Ndi kudzipereka kosakwanira, maluwa sangachitike.
2. Kutentha kwa Vanka konyowa kumayenera kukhala kutentha kwapakati. Madontho akuthwa ndi zojambula sizilandiridwa. M'nyengo yozizira, kuchepa pang'ono ndikololedwa, +12 ndiye malire ochepera a basamu.
3. Basamu amafunika kuthirira madzi ambiri, nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa nthawi zonse. Komabe, mbewu yaying'ono iyenera kuthiriridwa mosamala nthawi yoyamba. Sigwiritsabe ntchito madzi ambiri. Mutha kuwononga duwa mwakusefukira. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa, koma nthaka siyenerabe kuuma.
4. M'chilimwe, chomeracho chimatha kuyikidwa panja kapena pakhonde. Malowa ayenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo yamkuntho yadzidzidzi. Kukhala panja kumathandiza kuti mafuta a basamu aonekere. Chitsamba chimakhala chobiriwira komanso chimamasula bwino.
5. Monga maluwa onse, Mafuta a basamu amafunika kuthiridwa feteleza ndi feteleza amchere. Njira zoterezi zimapatsa mphamvu chomeracho kwa maluwa ataliatali komanso obiriwira. Maluwawo amadyetsedwa kuyambira koyambirira kwa masika mpaka kumapeto kwa maluwa ndi feteleza wa maluwa maluwa masiku 10-14. Pambuyo pobzala nyemba zazing'ono pamalo okhazikika, feteleza amatha kuperekedwa m'masabata 2-3, basamu akangotengera malo atsopanowo. Momwe mungathirire ndi momwe mungadyetse chomera ichi kuti chikhale maluwa ambiri, werengani apa.

   Kuonjezeranso kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni sikuvomerezeka. Izi zitha kubweretsa kufalikira kwa masamba obiriwira, maluwa osavomerezeka ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Kuti mudzaze kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni, ndikwanira kuti muzitha kubzala ndikubwezeretsanso nthaka.

6. Kuika kumayenera kuchitika chaka chilichonse. Mphikawo uyenera kutengedwa masentimita angapo kukula kwake.

   Mukayika mafuta a basamu mumphika watsopano, pafupifupi voliyumu yonse iyenera kukhala ndi mizu yake, pang'ono chabe pamakoma a mphikawo umadzaza ndi nthaka yatsopano. Mphika waukulu kwambiri sungapangitse maluwa chaka chino.

7. Kupanga mbewu. Mphukira zazitali kwambiri zimatsinidwa kuti tipeze chitsamba chobiriwira kwambiri. Chotsani masamba owonjezera, masamba omwe atha, masamba osungunuka, osungabe mawonekedwe a basamu mumkhalidwe wofunidwa. Kukanikiza pakati kumalimbikitsa mapangidwe a maluwa ambiri. Koma malo okhudzidwa kwambiri amatha kupondereza chomeracho.

Werengani za zovuta zakusamalira basamu kunyumba pano, ndipo mupeza zovuta zonse zokula ndi kuswana kunyumba munkhaniyi.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo

Tsoka ilo, nthawi zina zolakwitsa zimachitika ndipo zinthu sizimayenda. Tiyeni tione mavuto ambiri ndi njira kuwathetsera:

• Kodi amadula m'madzi, koma alibe mizu? Tengani chodula chatsopano ndikuyesera kuzika pansi;
• Kudula pansi sikunapereke mizu? Mwachidziwikire, nthaka sinakonzedwe mokwanira, kapena simunaphimbe chidebecho;
• Zodula sizingakhazikike chifukwa chosowa kuwala komanso kutentha;
• Pambuyo pobzala mumphika, chomeracho chidazizira? Chilichonse chiri mu dongosolo, mmera umamanga mizu, pambuyo pake gawo lamlengalenga limakula.

Timawonera kanema wonena za kufalitsa kwa basamu ndi cuttings:

Mapeto

Mafuta a basamu ndi chomera chodzichepetsa, motero nthawi zambiri chimadulidwa popanda mavuto. Koma nthawi zina, popanda chifukwa chomveka, cuttings satenga mizu. Chonde khalani oleza mtima ndikuyesanso. Sinthani njira ndi nthaka, yesetsani kuzichita nthawi ina. Ndikukhulupirira kuti mudzachita bwino!