Kuyika masamba a maluwa kapena momwe mungakulire violet mumphika kuchokera ku nthanga?

Mutha kugula Saintpaulias ndikukongoletsa nyumba yanu nawo, kapena mutha kudzilima nokha. Pali china chapadera mwa izi, kumverera uku mukayamba kumva kuti ndinu wa kukongola uku, pomwe kuyesetsa konse ndi chidwi chonse pantchitoyi chimawoneka ngati zotsatira zomveka - chomera cholimba komanso chogwirizana chomwe chikufalikira pachisangalalo chathu.

Violets amakula mumphika kuchokera masamba ndi mbewu. Werengani zambiri za njirazi munkhaniyi. Onaninso kanema wothandiza pamutuwu.

Miphika iti yomwe mungagwiritse ntchito?

• Njira yabwino kwambiri ndi zotengera zapulasitiki. Zifukwa zakusankhaku ndikuti dothi limasungabe chinyezi nthawi yayitali mumphika wapulasitiki kuposa wa ceramic, ndipo masamba otsika a chomeracho, omwe, chifukwa cha kukula kwawo, pafupifupi amagona m'mphepete mwa mphika, amatha kufota ndipo izi zimapangitsa mdima wonyansa padziko lapansi ...
• Ngati, komabe, mumakonda kulima ma violets m'zotengera zadothi, mutha kupanga gawo lapansi pansi pa mzere wa masamba apansi a sisal kapena coconut fiber, chidutswa cha raffia ndichonso choyenera. Ndikofunika kudula bwalo, pafupifupi sentimita yokulirapo kuposa kukula kwa mphika, komanso kudula pakati pa gawo lapansi, theka ndi theka kuposa girth ya "gulu" la ma violets. Kuti gawo lapansi liziwoneka lokongola, ndikofunikira kuti musankhe mtundu womwe ukugwirizana ndi mtundu wa mphikawo, kapena kamvekedwe ka kamvekedwe.
• Violet amamva bwino mumphika; ndiocheperako katatu kuposa kukula kwa rosette. Pamene kukula kwa rosette kumawonjezeka, mphikawo uyeneranso kukulitsidwa.
• Pali chinthu china pano kuti Saintpaulia imayamba kuphulika bwino ngati mphikawo uli wopitilira masentimita khumi. Chifukwa chake, ngati violet yakula, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kuchita njira yobwezeretsanso pochotsa masamba akulu kwambiri.
• Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mphika wakale, muzimutsuka ndi kuupha mankhwala.
• Payenera kukhala mabowo pansi kuti athetse chinyezi chowonjezera.

Onerani kanema posankha mphika woyenera wa violet:

Kukula Saintpaulia kuchokera ku mbewu

Kupeza violet kuchokera ku mbewu ndi ntchito yofunika nthawi yomwe imafunikira chidwi ndi chipiriro., koma chisangalalo chapadera chomwe chimadza chifukwa chopeza zotsatira ndichofunika kuyesetsa konse ndi nthawi yomwe mwathera.

Amagulidwa m'masitolo apadera kapena kudzera pa intaneti. Koma ngati pali chidwi chogwiritsa ntchito njira yonse yopanga Saintpaulia yatsopano, ndiye kuti zingakhale zomveka kupanga pollination ndi manja anu ndikutulutsa mbewu. Ubwino wina wolima mbewu za Saintpaulia ndikuti mutha kupeza mtundu watsopano wamtundu ndi mawonekedwe a masamba ndi maluwa. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuyendetsa mungu pogwiritsa ntchito pistil ndi mungu kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma violets (werengani za mitundu ndi mitundu ya ma violets omwe ali pano).

MFUNDO: Njira yabwino kwambiri yofalitsa mbewu ndi mbewu zatsopano.

Nthawi yabwino yofesa imawonedwa kuyambira Ogasiti mpaka Okutobala.... Ngati mbewu zimagulidwa m'nyengo yozizira, ndiye kuti tikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mu February-Epulo. Koma pali mitundu ina yomwe imalephera kumera ngati yabzalidwa panthawi yovuta, mwachitsanzo, violet wonunkhira imangotuluka pakufesa kwa nthawi yophukira.

Chipatso ndi kuchotsa

1. Gwiritsani ntchito chotokosera mkamwa kuti musunthe mungu kuchokera ku stamen kupita ku pistil.
2. Pakatha sabata limodzi, komanso masiku osachepera khumi, ngati zonse zayenda bwino, ovary iyenera kupanga.
3. Mbewu zimapsa mu ovary, kapena momwe amatchulidwira, bokosi la haibridi, miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri. Ikamakhwima bwinobwino, bokosilo limatha kuuma. Ikamauma kwathunthu, imadula maluwa ndi ovary ndikuisiya mumdima kuyambira masiku khumi mpaka theka la mwezi.
4. Pambuyo pake, mbewu zimabalalika papepala loyera, kutsegula bokosi la ovary ndi singano ndi zopalira.

Kudzala pati?

Chidebe cha pulasitiki chokhazikika chimakhala choyenera kubzala mbande.... Mutha kugula chidebe chapadera cha mbande, kapena, kuti musunge ndalama, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chidebe chotayika pazogulitsa.

Nthawi zambiri tengani nthaka yotchuka komanso yotsimikizika "Violet". Koma mutha kusakaniza ndi manja anu:

1. Chinsinsi cha DIY. Masamba (magawo atatu), peat (magawo awiri), turf (1 gawo) ndi dothi la coniferous (1 gawo) lasakanikirana. Onjezerani china chake kuti mutsegule (sphagnum, perlite kapena vermiculite). Pang'ono pamakala sipweteka.
2. Njira ina ndikutenga gawo limodzi la dothi la coniferous ndi sod, kuwonjezera gawo limodzi la peat ndi sphagnum wosweka, kuphatikiza magawo angapo a dothi lamasamba ndi theka la mchenga. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa makala ochepa kumakhala ngati konyansa komanso nthawi yomweyo ngati feteleza, popeza imakhala ndi K, Ca ndi F, pomwe kaboni imagwira ntchito ngati mankhwala opha tizilombo.
3. Chinsinsi chophweka kwambiri cha nthaka. Onjezerani mchenga ndi peat kumtunda wamunda, mu chiyerekezo cha 4: 1: 1. Nthaka yam'munda imachotsedwa pamabedi pomwe nyemba zimakula, ndipo njira yabwino kwambiri ndi dothi lochokera ku milu ya mole, yomwe imakhala ndi tirigu woyenera, simufunikiranso kuipepeta. Peat, komabe, ndibwino kukwera pamahatchi, ndi yakuda pang'ono kuposa kutsika pang'ono. Chigawo chilichonse chimachotsedwa, kumasula tizidutswa tazomera, kuti kuwonongeka kwawo kusatilepheretse kukula kwa mbande.

CHENJEZO: Mwambiri, palibe njira yabwino yopangira dothi la Saintpaulias. Zimatengera mtundu wazomwe zigawozo zidzakhalire komanso zomwe ali nazo. Opanga osiyanasiyana amakhala ndi mitundu yawo, palinso zowonjezera komanso zotsika mtengo.

Chofunika kwambiri, Kusakaniza kwa nthaka kwa violets kuyenera kukhala ndi mafuta ochepa, otayirira... Ndikofunika kuti imwanire bwino chinyezi, ndipo momwe imasinthira imalola kuti pakhale mpweya wokwanira. Dothi lolimba komanso lolemera, mizu yosakhwima ya Saintpaulias silingathe kudziwa. Mutha kusiyanitsa kuchuluka kwa magawo, kukwaniritsa magawo ofunikira a dothi losakaniza.

Musanabzala, dothi limachotsedwera motetezedwa ndi nthunzi, kuzizira kapena kuthandizidwa ndi kukonzekera kwapadera, mwachitsanzo, yankho la foundationol. Pofuna kupewa kuipitsidwa ndi mafangayi, mutha kufumbi mbewu ndi fungicidal powder. Izi ndizowona makamaka zikagwiritsidwa ntchito podzipangira zokha.

Sizingakhale zopanda phindu kugwiritsa ntchito sphagnum yosweka ngati nthaka yotsegula nthaka... Chigawo ichi, kuphatikizapo kumasula katundu, chimakhalanso ndi mankhwala opatsirana pogonana, pokhala mankhwala osokoneza bongo, amatsutsa bowa ndi matenda, komanso amachulukitsa chisakanizo.

Onani kanema wonena zakukonzekera gawo la ma violets:

Kufesa mbewu ndi kusamalira mbande

1. Choyamba, nyowetsani ndi kumasula nthaka.
2. Kenako dothi la masentimita atatu limatsanuliridwa mu chidebecho ndikuchepetsedwa mosavuta osakanikizika.
3. Kupitilira apo, osati ma grooves akuya omwe amapangidwa.
4. Mbewu mu magawo ofanana zimasakanizidwa ndi mchenga.
5. Chosakanizacho chimatsanulidwira m'mayendedwe amkati mwake.
6. Chidebecho sichimatsekedwa mwamphamvu ndi chivindikiro chowonekera kapena zokutira pulasitiki.
7. Kuyikidwa pamalo owala bwino.
8. Kumera kumachitika bwino pakumera, kotero kukonkha mbewu ndi dothi sikuchitika.
9. Kutentha: poyamba, zotengera zimayikidwa pamalo ozizira, madigiri 12-18, ndipo mphukira zoyamba zikawonekera, mbande zimasamutsidwa kupita kumalo otentha, madigiri 18-22.
10. Zimayenera kukhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira mu gawo lapansi, popanda chinyezi chochuluka. Kuti muchite izi, nthaka imapopera pafupipafupi pogwiritsa ntchito mfuti yopopera.

Mphukira zoyamba za violet zikuyembekezeka kuwonekera masiku makumi awiri.... Koma mitundu ina ya duwa imatha kuphuka mpaka miyezi iwiri.

1. Zipatsozo zikangofika theka la sentimita ndipo masamba oyamba atuluka, muyenera kumiza mbewu.
2. Pachifukwachi, mbande zimakumbidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chotokosera mmano ndikubzala pamtunda wa 1.5-2 masentimita munthaka wosakanikirana ndi kuwonjezera kwa feteleza ndi makala.
3. Anawo akamakula ndikuyamba kusokonezana, muyenera kupanganso madzi, ndikuyika makapu apulasitiki kapena zotengera zingapo, kuti pakhale mtunda wa masentimita asanu mpaka asanu ndi awiri pakati pa zomerazo. Tengani makapu 100 g, chidebecho chimatengedwa mozama mozama. Pakadali pano, mizu ya a Saintpaulias imakula.
4. Palinso kutsegulira koteroko - akuyembekezera masamba atatu ndipo pambuyo pake amakhala pansi pamtunda wamasentimita pafupifupi 7, ndikupumira kamodzi.

Violets zimakula motere mpaka Ogasiti-Seputembara, bola mbewuyo idabzalidwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena koyambirira kwa nthawi yophukira. Ma violets akamakula, amapeza masamba ndi voliyumu, amapita kumapeto - amakhala miphika. Zimapezeka kuti ntchito yonse kuyambira pomwe mbewu idayamba kupita pachomera chodziyimira pawokha imatenga pafupifupi chaka chimodzi. Mtundu woyamba wa Saintpaulia, wofalikira ndi mbewu, umapereka mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo.

Kusamalira mmera wa violet ndikosavuta - kudziletsa pothirira komanso kumasula modekha, nyambo yokhala ndi feteleza wovuta wamtundu wamchere ngati yankho, 10 g pa 3 malita a madzi.

Onerani kanema wonena za kulima ma violets kuchokera ku mbewu:

Mitundu yosamalira

• Violets amakonda kuwala, koma kuwala kwa dzuwa kumakhala koyipa kwa iwo.
• Amakonda chinyezi, koma amawopa madontho ndi kuzizira, sakonda kutentha.
• Kuthirira kozizira ndi kulowa m'madzi pamasamba sikuvomerezeka.
• Chinyezi chochuluka chimapha mbewu.
• Saintpaulia amakonda nayitrogeni, imakula bwino ndipo imamasula ndi kusowa kwake.
• Kudyetsa kowonjezera kumachitika ndi feteleza amchere, masiku aliwonse 14.
• Chinyezi chabwino 50%.
• Musalole masambawo kukhudzana ndi galasi.
• Amafuna kuchotsa maluwa ofota komanso masamba nthawi zonse.
• Kuthirira kumachitika nthaka ikauma.
• Mbande ikaikidwa mu mphika wosiyana, m'pofunika kudzaza ngalande ya perlite, moss kapena mipira yaying'ono yolimba (phunzirani za malamulo opangira mbewu pano).
• Ndikofunika kumamatira kuzama kokwanira. Masamba apansi ayenera kukhala pamwamba pamtunda, ndipo malo oyenera kukula akhale ofanana. Vietti yovundikira imakula bwino ndipo imachedwa kuwola, pomwe ma violet okhazikika amawoneka oyipa, amamasula pamavuto (za chifukwa chomwe violet sangaphukire komanso momwe angalimbane nayo, werengani apa).

Mutha kudziwa zamtundu wina wokhudza kusamalira ma violets kunyumba pankhaniyi.

Kukula kuchokera masamba

Saintpaulia nthawi zambiri imafalikira ndi masamba.... Dulani iwo pa chomera chomwe mumakonda. Iyi ndi njira yosavuta komanso yothandiza kwambiri. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri komanso yolondola yopangira mtundu wa violet wokhala ndi tsamba ndi nyengo yachilimwe ndi chilimwe, pomwe imatha kulimidwa kwathunthu komanso popanda khama.

Kusankha tsamba ndikofunikira kwambiri, kupambana kwa mwambowu kumadalira izi:

• Tsamba siliyenera kudwala kapena kufooka, chifukwa chomeracho sichidzasunthika mtsogolo.
• Tsamba laling'ono kwambiri siligwira ntchito.
• Tsamba lochokera kumunsi, lomwe lili pafupi ndi nthaka, silofunika, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi zambiri timakhala pamenepo, ndipo masambawo amakhala okalamba komanso aulesi.
• Tsamba lotanuka la mtundu wabwinobwino ndi kukula kwake ndilabwino, kudula kuchokera pagawo lachitatu ndi lachiwiri ndi koyenera kwambiri.
• Ndikofunika kuthirira chomeracho nthawi zonse musanadule cuttings.

Njira yayitali komanso kusirira bwino kwa mayi chomera kumawononga tsamba lodzala... Pofuna kuthana ndi zovuta izi, mutatsala pang'ono kubzala, mutha kuyika tsamba m'madzi ofunda kwakanthawi, ndikuwonjezera potaziyamu permanganate, mpaka itakhala pinki pang'ono. Pesi likabwezeretseka, liyenera kudulidwa, kusiya masentimita 3-4 kuchokera pansi.

Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zowotchera masamba a violet - kuzika mizu m'madzi ndi nthaka.

Momwe mungayambire m'madzi?

Ubwino wa njirayi ndikuti ndizotheka kusunga mizu, chenjezo lakanthawi la zinthu zomwe zawonongeka ndikuwonetsetsa nthawi yobzala pamalo okhazikika:

1. Mufunika kapu yagalasi yaying'ono kapena botolo lamankhwala lakuda kuti muchepetse zinyalala zam'madzi.
2. Imafunika kutsukidwa ndi kupukutidwa ndi madzi otentha.
3. Dzazani ndi madzi okhazikika kapena madzi owiritsa.
4. Tsambalo liyenera kukulitsidwa mu thovu ndi theka ndi theka masentimita awiri. Odulidwa sayenera kukhudza makoma ndi tsikulo, chifukwa chake, konzani ndi chivindikiro ndi bowo lopangidwa pakati.
5. Kwa microalgae, mutha kuyika mpweya m'madzi, piritsi limodzi.
6. Mulingo wamadzi uyenera kuyang'aniridwa, chifukwa umalowetsedwa ndi chinsalucho ndikusanduka nthunzi, ndikuwonjezera madzi munthawi yake.

Mizu imapangidwa milungu ingapo, kapena ngakhale mwezi umodzi, zimatengera Saintpaulia zosiyanasiyana. Pakawola, tsamba limachotsedwa, malo owuma ndi owonongeka amachotsedwa... Zigawo zimakhala ndi ufa wokhala ndi mpweya wambiri.

Onerani kanema wonena za kuzika masamba a violet m'madzi:

Ndi nthawi yanji yobzala m'nthaka komanso momwe tingachitire?

Amakulitsa m'magalasi apulasitiki kapena mumiphika yaying'ono yokhala ndi mabowo okhetsa madzi owonjezera:

1. Gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mphika kapena galasi limakutidwa ndi ngalande yabwino.
2. Kenako nthaka yokonzedwa, yomasulidwa komanso yothira imathiridwa pamwamba kwambiri.
3. Phesi limalowetsedwa pansi.
4. Pazenera, nthaka ndiyophatikizika bwino kuti isagwere mbali imodzi ndipo isagwe.
5. Amapanga wowonjezera kutentha, ndikuphimba chidebecho ndi tsamba la violet ndi thumba la pulasitiki. Nthawi ndi nthawi amafunika kuti azipumira mpweya kuti nthaka isakhale yankhungu.
6. Mnyamatayo amafunika mpaka ana atatuluka. Ichi ndichizindikiro chotsimikizika kuti njira yakukula kuchokera pa tsamba yakwaniritsidwa.
7. Ana amakhala m'miphika yosiyanasiyana.

Zina zonse zosamalira, kuumba nthaka, ndi zina zambiri sizisiyana ndi zomwe tafotokozazi pamwambapa pofalitsa mbewu.

Zambiri zakulekanitsidwa kwa ana

Ana aakazi-rosettes amawonekera pafupi ndi tsinde la kudula... Amagawika potengera mfundo izi:

• masamba angapo pachomera chilichonse;
• muzu wawung'ono kwa aliyense payekha;
• kuti kulekanako kukhale koopsa kwambiri, muyenera kuthira nthaka, ndikuchotsa chodulacho ndi nthaka.

Momwe mungayambire pansi?

CHOFUNIKA: Amakhulupirira kuti mwanjira iyi chomeracho chimazika mizu mwachangu, pamakhala chiopsezo chochepa kwambiri chowola, ndipo ana ambiri amawonekera.

Mudzafunika nthaka yapadera yokhala ndi ufa wophika, imagulitsidwa ngati chisakanizo chapadera. Mutha kungosakaniza vermiculite ndi perlite mofanana popanda kuwonjezera nthaka yazakudya. Perlite amathandiza mpweya kulowa m'mizu, ndipo vermiculite imatenga chinyezi.

1. Pepani phesi, lisunthire kutali ndi chomeracho.
2. Dulani mwendo mosakhazikika kapena pamakona oyenera.
3. Kenako sungani mu pinki yankho la Magrantzovka kwa masekondi atatu.
4. Siyani kuti muume kwa theka la ora.
5. Kenako chikho pulasitiki yokutidwa ndi osakaniza pang'ono wothira.
6. Mwendo wa tsambalo umalowetsedwa pansi ndikuphatikizika kuti usagwe mbali imodzi.
7. Pangani wowonjezera kutentha malinga ndi njira yomwe tatchulayi.
8. Patsiku lobzala, musamwetse.
9. Poyamba, tsamba lidzafota, izi si zachilendo. Mizu yoyamba ikawonekera, tsamba lozungulirali lidzabwezeretsedwa. Kuthirira kumachitika masiku asanu ndi awiri aliwonse, ochepa kwambiri.
10. Osamathira manyowa, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa tsamba kuti limere mizu mwachangu posaka chakudya.

Onerani kanema wonena za kuzika masamba a violet pansi:

Matenda omwe angakhalepo

Ngati Saintpaulia ndi wodzichepetsa pa chisamaliro, ndiye kuti pankhani ya matenda ndizovuta... Chomeracho chimakhala ndi zimayambira zosakhwima, chifukwa chake chimakhala pachiwopsezo cha zovuta za tizirombo tambiri. Matenda ofala kwambiri ndi powdery mildew, choziziritsa mochedwa choipitsa, fusarium yoopsa, imvi zowola ndi dzimbiri.
Zomwe zimafunikira ndikusowa kuwala kapena kuwonekera mwachindunji padzuwa, kuchuluka kapena kusowa kwa zakudya, kusintha kwa kutentha, ma drafts ndi kuzizira, kuthirira mopitilira muyeso, mphika waukulu kwambiri. Zambiri pazotupa izi ndi zina zamaluwa ndi njira zothanirana nazo zitha kupezeka m'nkhaniyi.

Powdery mildew

Zovuta kuchotsa zolengeza zoyera pamasamba. Amayambanso ndi powdery mildew. Kutentha kwambiri ndi kuzizira kumathandizira izi. Saintpaulia imathandizidwa ndi kusintha kosakanikirana kwa mafupa, topazi ndi saproli... Mutha kutsitsa masambawo ndi ufa wa sulfure, kenako ndikuphimba Saintpaulia ndi thumba la pulasitiki.

Choipitsa mochedwa mochedwa

Choipitsa cham'mbuyo chimasokoneza mawonekedwe a zimayambira, ndikupatsa utoto wakuda. Masamba amayamba kugwa, thunthu limawululidwa. Izi ndizochita za bowa zomwe zimadutsa m'malo omwe akhudzidwa mpaka kumizu.

Ndikofunika kuyamba kumwa mankhwala munthawi yake, apo ayi Saintpaulia adzafa posachedwa. Violet iyenera kuchotsedwa mumphika ndipo mbali zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi mizu zichotsedwe. Ndi aburawuni.

Ngati bowa wadya muzu wonse, siyani kudula kokha ndikutsatira malangizo azitsamba tsambalo m'madzi. Tengani dothi latsopano ndi mphika pobzala kudula.

Fusarium yowopsa

Bowa yomwe imayambitsa matendawa amatchedwa fusarium. Masamba a masamba ndi mizu imavunda. Ma petioles amayamba kusanduka bulauni, ndipo mizu imachita mdima ndikusiyana ndi nthaka. Monga chithandizo ndi kapewedwe, mutha kuthirira chomeracho ndi fundozol. Mbali zowuma ndi mizu yovunda imachotsedwa.

Zifukwa zake ndizofunikira kwambiri - mphika waukulu, madontho otentha, kuthirira kozizira, nthaka yolemera.

Wowola wofiirira

Kuphulika kofiira, kofiira ndi imvi pamaluwa ndi masamba - ichi ndi fungus Botrytis... Itha kuchulukana munthawi yochepa ndikuwononga Saintpaulia.

Kawirikawiri, matenda amapezeka kuchokera ku zidutswa za zomera m'nthaka, ma spores amapezeka mumtundu uliwonse wa nthaka, matenda amapezeka mofulumira. Chifukwa chake, simuyenera kunyalanyaza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Mbali zofiirira zimachotsedwa, madera omwe akhudzidwa amakhala ndi ufa ndi fungicide ufa. Chomeracho chimabzalidwa mu nthaka yatsopano ndi mphika.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndikuthirira kwambiri ndi kutsika kwamatenthedwe.

Dzimbiri

Oyambitsawo ndi bowa dzimbiri. Ma tubercles achikasu amawoneka mbali zonse ziwiri za tsamba. Chinyezi chambiri komanso madzi amalowa m'masamba mukamwetsa zimapanga nyengo yabwino yakuchepa kwa spores.

Mawanga pamasamba nthawi zonse sakhala chizindikiro cha matendawa.... Amatha kuwonekera pakasowa kuwala, kudyetsa mopitirira muyeso, kuchokera kuzosintha kapena dzuwa.

Mapeto

Monga akunenera, simungathe kukoka nsomba dziwe mosavuta. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi chiweto cha violet, chifukwa kuti tikule ngakhale chomera chodzichepetsachi, zimafunikira kuyesetsa ndipo tikukhulupirira kuti tidatha kufotokoza momwe zidakhalira. Ndipo iyenso, adzakuthokozani ndi maluwa, kutonthoza komanso kusangalatsa mnyumbamo.

Onerani kanemayo: My Everything Acoustic - Kapena (July 2024).