Maphunziro osamalira: kusankha nyali ya ma orchid. Momwe mungakonzekerere kuyatsa ndikuyika zida kunyumba
Kuunikira kumatenga gawo lofunikira pachomera chilichonse - kumapereka mphamvu yakukula ndi maluwa. Koma si maluwa onse omwe ali ndi mwayi wokhala pazenera pazenera lalikulu, loyang'ana kumwera.
Zimapindulitsanso kwambiri ngati kuwalako sikuphimbidwa ndi nyumba kapena mitengo ina. Chifukwa chake, olima maluwa osamala amadzalingalira zowunikira zina. M'nkhaniyi tikambirana chifukwa chake mukufuna kuyatsa bwino maluwa a orchid komanso momwe mungapangire kuyatsa kwa chomerachi.
Ndi chiyani?
Choyamba, tiyeni tiwone chifukwa chomwe mbewu zimafunikira kuwala. Photosynthesis imapezeka mkati mwa masamba obiriwira a orchid, opangidwa ndi mtundu wobiriwira - chlorophyll. Imatenga kuwala kwa buluu ndi kofiira kuchokera ku dzuwa, pogwiritsa ntchito chlorophyll A ndi B.
Chlorophyll B imayamwa dzuwa - mafunde ofiira atali pa 642 nm. ndi buluu lalifupi pa 453 nm. Chlorophyll A imakhudzidwa pakupanga mphamvu zolandila mafunde ofiira a 662 nm. ndi ma buluu amfupi kuyambira 410 mpaka 430 nm. Kuyamwa kwamtundu sikufanana nthawi zonse - kuwala kwa buluu kumayamwa pafupifupi tsiku lonse, ndipo kuwala kofiira kumayamwa m'mawa ndi madzulo. M'nyengo yozizira kapena m'nyumba yopanda magetsi, kuyatsa kwamtunduwu kumakhala kovuta kukwaniritsa. Chifukwa chake, nyali ndizofunikira kwa ma orchid omwe amakula kunyumba.
Zofunika! Posankha nyali ya orchid, onetsetsani kuti muli ndi buluu komanso kuwala kofiira.
Ofiira amathandiza maluwa, ndipo buluu amathandizira kupanga zinthu zowoneka bwino, koma kuunikira kokha kophatikizira kumapangitsa kuti maluwawo akule bwino. Tilankhula mwatsatanetsatane pazomwe ma phytolamp amafunikira ma orchids ndi momwe angawasankhire mgawo lolingana.
Maluwa amafunika nthawi zosiyanasiyana pachaka
Ma orchid ambiri amafunikira kuyatsa kowonjezera kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Marichi, nthawi yotsala, kuwala kwachilengedwe kuyenera kukhala kokwanira. Ngati mawindo akuyang'ana kumpoto, nyali zingafunike kuyambira Epulo mpaka Seputembara.
M'ngululu ndi nthawi yophukira, nyali zimatha kuyatsidwa osati tsiku lonse, koma monga kuyatsa kwina madzulo.
Nthawi yonse yamasana a orchid - zachilengedwe kapena zopangira, sayenera kukhala yayifupi kuposa maola 10, komanso osapitirira maola 12-14.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma orchid imafuna kuwala kosiyanasiyana... Mutha kuwasiyanitsa ndi mawonekedwe a masamba. Wokonda kwambiri kuwala - wokhala ndi masamba opapatiza, ozungulira kapena xiphoid. Osafuna zambiri - wokhala ndi ma pseudobulbs ndi masamba olimba, achikopa.
Kuunikira kwapakatikati kumakhala kokwanira ma orchid omwe ali ndi pseudobulbs ndi masamba owonda achikopa. Zomera zosafunikira kwambiri zopanda pseudobulbs zokhala ndi zikopa zazikulu kapena zofewa komanso zofewa. Ma orchids ndi maluwa osinthasintha. Ngati kulibe kuwala kokwanira, amathabe maluwa.
Chenjezo! Kuchita mopitilira muyeso ndikuipa monga kusayatsa. Chomeracho sichidzatenga zochuluka kuposa momwe zimafunikira, ndipo mphamvu yochulukirapo imatha kubweretsa kutentha kwambiri ndi kufa.
Kuti mumve zambiri za kuchuluka kwa dzuwa ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera maluwa a orchid amafunika kunyumba, tikupemphani kuti muwerenge m'nkhani ina.
Kodi kukonza backlight?
Ndi liti pamene amafunikira?
Kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Marichi, ma orchid onse amafunika kuyatsa osatengera komwe kuli mawindo. Ili kumpoto chakumpoto - pafupifupi chaka chonse. Kumbali yakum'mawa ndi kumadzulo, madzulo, kuwala pang'ono kumafunikira mchaka ndi nthawi yophukira. Zomera zofooka zitha kuwunikiranso.
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji chipangizo?
Pali nyali zambiri pamsika. Zotsatirazi ndizoyenera kulima ma orchid:
- Nyali zapadera zopulumutsa mphamvuopangidwa ndi mtundu wabuluu ndi wofiira. Opanga amatsimikizira kuti 20% yokha yamagetsi amasandulika kutentha ndi chida, koma sayenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi masamba. Mtunda wocheperako ndi 3 cm.
- Nyali za fulorosenti... Mothandizidwa ndi mpweya monga mercury, amapanga kuwala kwa ultraviolet, komwe kumawonekera ndikuphimba nyali ndi phosphor. Kwa ma orchid, mithunzi 33 ndi 840 ndiyabwino.
Nyali zazitsulo zazitsulo, zomwe zimatchedwanso nyali za HID... Zipangizozi zitha kukhala zamtundu uliwonse, palinso mitundu yapadera yazomera zokula.
- Magetsi amatulutsa nyali gwirani ntchito mofanana ndi ma fluorescent, koma khalani ndi chindodo chosiyana. Sankhani iwo omwe kutentha kwawo kuli pakati pa 3.200 mpaka 200 K.
- Nyali zounikira, kutsogozedwa kwinaamawerengedwa kuti ndi abwino kwambiri pakulima maluwa. M'masitolo, mutha kupeza mitundu yophatikizika yokhala ndi kuwala kofiira ndi buluu komwe kuli 8/1 kapena 5/1 yofiira ndi buluu.
Ndiye nyale yabwino kwambiri yowunikira ma orchid ndi iti?
Ma phytolamp apadera omwe amatulutsa kuwala mwamphamvu ndi mawonekedwe a wavelengths ndi angwiro. Odziwika kwambiri ndi fluorescent ndi LED... Izi ndiye njira zabwino kwambiri kwa onse ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso odziwa zambiri. Ngati ndinu oyamba kumene, mutha kugula babu wamba wopulumutsa mphamvu, koma musayembekezere kuti angakupatseni phindu, chifukwa chake ndibwino kukhazikitsa nyali yotsika mtengo.
Ngati ndinu okonda masewera ndipo muli ndi maluwa amodzi kapena awiri okha, simuyenera kuwononga ndalama pawoko wapadera, ndizopulumutsa mphamvu. Ndipo kuti musunge ma orchid ambiri osowa, muyenera kuyatsa akatswiri.
Kodi kunyezimira kuyenera kukhala kotani?
Kuwala ndi mafunde ofiira ofiira komanso amfupi amtundu wamtundu wa ma orchid... Muyenera kugula nyali imodzi yophatikiza zowonera zonsezi, kapena zosiyana - zofiira ndi buluu. Kachiwiri, lamtambo limayatsa tsiku lonse, ndipo lofiira - madzulo.
Kuyika
Pali njira zingapo zowunikira ma orchid:
- Pazenera laling'ono lazenera, nyali yaofesi yokhala ndi zomangira kapena chovala zovala ndi yoyenera.
- Kwa ma orchid ochepa otsika, nyali zamagetsi zophatikizika zomwe zili pamwamba pa masamba ndizoyenera (mulibe photosynthesis m'maluwa, palibe chowunikira). Mutha kuzikonza kumunsi kwa alumali kapena poyatsira pazenera.
Malangizo! Mitundu yoyamba ndi yachiwiri ya nyali imaphatikizidwa bwino ndi zowunikira - mwanjira iyi kuwala kumafikira maluwa. Pachifukwa ichi, mungagwiritse ntchito osati zowonetsera zapadera, komanso galasi wamba.
- Ngati muli ndi munda wachisanu, mufunika kuyatsa kwapamwamba kwambiri ndi nyali zotulutsa mpweya zosachepera 250 W zamagetsi.
Chotsatira ndi kanema wowonera wonyezimira wa orchid pogwiritsa ntchito nyali zamagetsi:
Kutalika
Ma orchids amazolowera masana masana, pafupifupi mpaka maola 12. Miyezo yeniyeni yowunikira ndiyodalira mitundu ya orchid. Nthawi yocheperako ndi maola 10, kutalika kwake ndi 16.
Zotsatira pa chomeracho
Kuunikira koyenera kumakhudza chomeracho, ndikupangitsa kukula kwa masamba obiriwira ndikukula maluwa. M'nyengo yozizira, kuunika kopangira kumateteza kuti mbewuyo isagwere, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziziphuka nthawi zambiri.
Zolakwa ndi zotsatira zake
Mlimi wosadziwa zambiri amatha kulakwitsa poyatsa mbewu.:
Sankhani nyali yolakwika. Ndi ofiira ochulukirapo komanso kusakhala ndi buluu, orchid iphulika kwambiri, koma peduncle imakula kwambiri ndipo imatha kusweka. Mosiyana ndi izi, kuyatsa kwa buluu kokha kumapangitsa gawo lobiriwira kukhala lolimba, koma orchid sichidzaphuka.
- Kuwala kochulukirapo kumatha kupangitsa masamba kukhala ofiira pang'ono. M'chilimwe, izi sizingavulaze kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yozizira chomeracho chitha kufa.
- Kupanda kuwala kumawonekera m'masamba obiriwira obiriwira okhala ndi khungu labuluu, pomwe amakhala ofewa komanso kufota. Zikatere, orchid sichidzaphulika, ndipo ikapanda kuwala, imafa.
Malamulo ambiri osamalira
Ma orchids ndi maluwa osakhwima omwe amafunikira chisamaliro chosamalitsa... Ngati mukufuna kuti maluwa anu akule mwachangu, tsatirani malamulo awa:
- Chinyezi chimaperekedwa mchipindacho kuti chomeracho chisaume.
- Pangani nthaka kuti isakhale yochuluka kwambiri, mpweya uyenera kuyenderera kumizu. Nthawi yomweyo, orchid sakonda ma drafti.
- Njira yothirira mbewu pomwe gawo lapansi lauma.
- Kutentha kwapakati sikuyenera kupitirira 30 ° C kapena kutsika pansi pa 10 ° C.
- Ma orchids amakonda kuwala kowala, kopanda kutulutsa maluwa ndikusiya kukula.
Mupeza zofunikira zonse pakusunga duwa ili munkhaniyi.
Mapeto
Orchid ndi duwa lokongola komanso lofewa lomwe limafuna chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro chosamalitsa. Poyambirira kuchokera kumadera otentha, chomeracho chimafuna kuunika kowala kwambiri, kuthirira pafupipafupi. Samalani maluwa anu ndipo adzakuthokozani ndi maluwa okongola.